AP4 quiz 3 on cns 2 and 3 Flashcards
- What is not true about spinal cord?
a. The grey matter in the spinal cord is located internally, the white matter externally
b. The CNS (spinal cord section) is enclosed within vertebral column
c. The spinal cord runs from foramen magnum to L1-L2 in adults
d. Lumbar puncture is performed above L1-L2 level
e. The spinal cord provides 2-way communication to and from the brain
d. Lumbar puncture is performed above L1-L2 level
- Which structure is not in not protecting the spinal cord?
a. Meninges
b. CSF
c. Bone
d. Discs
d. Discs
- Which statement is wrong?
a. Epidural space is between the vertebrae and the dural sheath
b. It is filled with fat and a network of veins
c. This Is the space where the spinal nerve roots are located
d. This is the space for lumbar puncture
d. This is the space for lumbar puncture
- Subarachnoid space is filled with CSF and is the space for lumbar puncture and obtaining CSF sample
a. True
b. False
a. True
- The lumbar puncture is performed for all, except
a. To obtain a sample of CSF
b. To measure the pressure of CSF
c. To remove the brain tumor
d. To rule out meningitis
e. Inject antibiotics and other medications
c. To remove the brain tumor
Match
6. Terminal portion of the spinal cord___
7. Fibrous extension of the pia mater, anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx___
8. Delicate shelves of pia mater; attach the spinal cord to the vertebrae___
9. Continuous with the 4th ventricle___
10. Collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral column___
11. Sites where the nerves serving the upper and lower limbs emerge___
a. Central canal
b. Conus medullaris
c. Cervical and lumbar enlargements
d. Filum terminale
e. Cauda equina
f. Denticulate ligaments
- b conus medullaris
term portion spinal cord - d filum terminale
fibrous ext pia mater, anchor spinal cord to coccyx - f denticulate ligaments
- delicate shelves of pia mater, attach spinal cord to vert
9.a central canal
- continuous with 4th ventricle - e cauda equina
- nerve roots at inf end of vert column - c cerv and lumb enlargemts
- where nerves serving upper and lower limbs emerge
- There are 31 [pairs of nerves attached to the spinal cored by paired roots, they are mixed,
dorsal and ventral roots fused
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Which statement is not true about Cauda Equina Syndrome?
a. Low back pain is present
b. Can be expressed as a unilateral or bilateral radiculopathy
c. Perineal (saddle) paresthesia or anesthesia may be present
d. Bowel and bladder disturbances may be present, starting with urinary retention, followed by
overflow urinary incontinence
e. May be upper extremity motor weakness and sensory deficits
f. May be reduced or absent lower extremity reflexes
e. May be upper extremity motor weakness and sensory deficits
- In the spinal cord, the posterior median fissure separates anterior funiculi, the anterior
medina sulcus divides posterior funiculi
a. True
b. False
b. False
- Gray matter of the spinal cord consists of cell bodies, unmyelinated processes, and neuroglia
a. True
b. False
a. True
- The gray commissure connects masses of gray matter and encloses central canal
a. True
b. False
a. True
Match
17. Contains interneurons___
18. Contains interneurons and somatic lower motor neurons___
19. Contains sympathetic nerve cell bodies___
20. Contains the sensory roots and ganglia___
21. Equals the amount skeletal muscle innervated___
22. Contains motor roots___
a. Lateral horns (T1-L2 spinal cord only)
b. Anterior (ventral horns)___
c. Dorsal half of the spinal cord gray matter
d. Posterior (dorsal horns)___
e. Ventral half of the spinal cord gray matter
f. Relative size of gray matter
- D post dorsal horns contain
- interneurons - B ant ventral horns
- interneurons and somatic lower motor neurons - A lat horns t1-l2
- sympathetic nerve cell bodies - C dorsal half spinal cord gray matter - sensory roots and ganglia
- F relative size of gray matter
= amt skeletal muscle enervated - E ventral half spinal cord gray matter - motor roots
- The fibers in the spinal cord contain ascending, descending and transverse fibers
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Which statement is not true about white matter of the spinal cord?
a. Most tracts decussate (cross) at some point
b. Most tracts consist of two or more neurons
c. Most tracts exhibit somatotopy, precise spatial relationships illustrate the orderly mappings of
the body to the CNS with lower extremities information located medially and upper extremities
information locate laterally
d. Despite 31 pairs of nerves, none of the pathways are paired
d. Despite 31 pairs of nerves, none of the pathways are paired
- Which statements are wrong?
a. First order neurons cell bodies reside in the dorsal root ganglia and transmit information to 2nd
order neurons in the spinal cord
b. Second order neurons cell bodies reside in the spinal cord or cerebellum and transmit
information to 3rd order neurons in the thalamus or brainstem
c. Third order neurons cell bodies reside in thalamus and transmit somatosensory cortex of
cerebrum
d. Fourth order neurons reside in the eye and transmit information to the muscles
e. Both a and b
f. Both b and c
g. Both b and d
g. Both b and d
b. Second order neurons cell bodies reside in the spinal cord or cerebellum and transmit
d. Fourth order neurons reside in the eye and transmit information to the muscles
- Specific ascending pathways carry information about specific sensation, nonspecific pathways
are activated by several types of stimulus
a. True
b. False
a. True
Match in regards to ascending sensory pathways
- Carry nonspecific ascending pathway about pain, temperature, crude touch, deep pressure and decussate in the spinal cord___
- Carry specific information, fine touch, conscious proprioception, pressure, vibration, include fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus tracts, decussate in the medulla oblongata___
- Carry specific ascending information, unconscious proprioception, muscle of tendon stretch information to cerebellum, unconscious goes to cerebellum only, does not decussate___
a. Dorsal columns
b. Spinothalamic pathway
c. Spinocerebellar tract
- B spinothalamic pathway
Carry nonspecific ascending pathway about pain, temperature, crude touch, deep pressure and decussate in the spinal cord - A dorsal columns
Carry specific information, fine touch, conscious proprioception, pressure, vibration, include fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus tracts, decussate in the medulla oblongata - C spinocerebellar tract
Carry specific ascending information, unconscious proprioception, muscle of tendon stretch information to cerebellum, unconscious goes to cerebellum only, does not decussate
- Which statement is incorrect in regards to Descending Motor Pathways?
a. Involve 2 neurons, upper motor neurons arise in motor cortex, and motor lower neurons in
anterior horn
b. Deliver motor (efferent) messages from spinal cord to the brain
c. Impulses are sent through the corticospinal tracts and synapse in the anterior horn of spinal
cord
d. The direct descending pathways activate skeletal muscles at neuromuscular junction, regulate
fast, fine, skilled, voluntary movements
e. Parts of the direct pathway (corticobulbar tracts), innervate cranial nerve nuclei of all cranial
nerves, except I and II cranial nerves, deal with eye movements, chewing, facial expressions,
speech
b. Deliver motor (efferent) messages from spinal cord to the brain
- Direct, pyramidal, corticospinal tracts of Upper Motor Neurons are associated with voluntary
control, indirect, extrapyramidal pathways deal with involuntary control
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Indirect, extrapyramidal descending pathways include the brain stem, motor nuclei, and all
motor pathways that are not part of the pyramidal system
a. True
b. False
a. True
Which statement is wrong?
- The extrapyramidal motor pathways
a. Are complex and multisynaptic
b. Play role in hearing
c. Regulate axial muscles that maintain balance and posture
d. Regulate muscles controlling coarse movements of the proximal portions of limbs
e. Regulate head, neck and eye movement
b. Play role in hearing
- Loss of motor function are of two types, flaccid and spastic
a. True
b. False
a. True
Match
35. Severe damage to the ventral root or anterior horn cells, where lower motor neurons are damaged and impulses do not reach muscles, and there is no voluntary or involuntary control
of muscles___
36. Only upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex are damaged, lower motor neurons intact and muscles are stimulated irregularly, and there is no voluntary control of muscles___
a. Flaccid
b. Spastic
- A
- B
Match in regards to cross sectioning of the spinal cord (Transection) and posturing
37. Transection between T1 and L1___
38. Transection in the cervical region___
39. Posturing indicates damage to the corticospinal tract, better prognosis that decerebrate___
40. Damage to brainstem or cerebellum, very severe sign___
a. Decorticate
b. paraplegia
c. Decerebrate
d. Quadriplegia
- b
- d
- a
- c
- Which statement is wrong about decorticate causes?
a. Cerebral infarction
b. Intracranial hemorrhage
c. Pregnancy
d. First or second degree brain tumor
e. Head injury
f. Increased intracranial pressure
g. Damage to cerebral hemisphere, internal capsule, thalamus, midbrain
c. Pregnancy
- Causes of decerebrate include all, except
a. Brainstem tumor
b. Brain stem damage below the level of the red nucleus, midbrain
c. Pontine stroke
d. Diabetes
e. Brain herniation
d. Diabetes
- The Decerebrate conditions are less severe compared to decorticate cases
a. True
b. False
b. False
- Which one is not a sign of nonparalytic/preparalytic poliomyelitis?
a. Generalized, non-throbbing headache
b. Fever of 38C-40C degrees
c. Cough
d. Sore throat
e. Anorexia
f. Nausea/vomiting
g. Muscle ach
c. Cough
- Which one is not a sign of paralytic poliomyelitis?
a. Severe muscle pain and spasms
b. Asymmetric weakness, lower limbs affected more than upper limbs
c. Flaccid muscle tone
d. Absent reflexes
e. Severe high fever
f. Paresthesia
g. Cranial nerve, spinal cord, and brain involvement also possible
e. Severe high fever
- Which one of the following is not a sign of Lou Gehrig’s disease
a. It is the most common degenerative disease of the motor neuron system
b. Incurable neuromuscular condition involving destruction of the posterior horn sensory neurons
and fibers of the pyramidal tract
c. Symptoms of concern include loss of the ability to speak, swallow, and breathe, death occurs
within five years, linked to malfunctioning genes
d. The specific cause is unknown
b. Incurable neuromuscular condition involving destruction of the posterior horn sensory neurons
and fibers of the pyramidal tract
Match in regards to Upper Motor Neurons and Lower Motor Neurons Lesions
47. Spastic paralysis___
48. Hyperactive reflexes___
49. Flaccid paralysis___
50. Presence of pathological reflexes___
51. Presence of clonus___
52. Presence of atrophy___
53. Presence of fasciculations___
54. Hypoactive reflexes/areflexia___
a. Upper Motor Lesions
b. Lower Motor Lesions
UPPER MOTOR LESIONS
47. Spastic paralysis___
48. Hyperactive reflexes___
50. Presence of pathological reflexes___
51. Presence of clonus___
LOWER MOTOR LESIONS
49. Flaccid paralysis___
52. Presence of atrophy___
53. Presence of fasciculations___
54. Hypoactive reflexes/areflexia___
