AP4 Quiz on CNS 2 and 3

Question 1

1. The brain stem consists of all, except
   a. Midbrain
   b. Optic chiasm
   c. Pons
   d. Medulla oblongata

Answer 1

b. Optic chiasm

Question 2

2. Which cranial nerves are not associated with mid brain stem?
   a. I and II
   b. II and III
   c. III and IV
   d. IV and V

Answer 2

a. I and II

Question 3

3. Which statement is not true about mid-brain?
   a. It is located between diencephalon and the pons
   b. Has cerebral peduncles, that contain descending pyramidal motor tracts and substantia nigra
   can be found here
   c. The third and fourth ventricles are here
   d. The aqueduct between the fourth and third ventricles passes here
   e. Has the nuclei of III and IV cranial nerves

Answer 3

c. The third and fourth ventricles are here

Question 4

4. True or false: The substantia nigra is the site of dopamine production in the brain
   a. True
   b. False

Answer 4

a. True

Question 5

5. What is not true about red nucleus in the mid-brain?
   a. It has mid-ventral position
   b. Has rich blood supply
   c. Zinc gives the red characteristic
   d. Is involved in motor coordination, mostly upper extremities

Answer 5

c. Zinc gives the red characteristic

Fe iron

Question 6

6. Which statement is not true about pons?
   a. It is a bulging brainstem region between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata
   b. Forms part of the anterior wall of the third ventricle
   c. Relays impulses between the motor cortex and the cerebellum
   d. Contains respiratory centers
   e. Contains the nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, VII, VIII and nuclei of the reticular formation

Answer 6

b. Forms part of the anterior wall of the third ventricle

fourth

Question 7

7. What statement is not true about medulla oblongata?
   a. Is the most inferior part of the brain stem
   b. Along with the pons, forms the ventral wall of the fourth ventricle
   c. Contains a choroid plexus on the ventral wall of the fourth ventricle
   d. Here is where the crossover of the corticospinal tracts take place
   e. Contains gray matter that relay sensory information
   f. Contains nuclei of IX, X, XI and XII cranial nerves

Answer 7

all correct?

Question 8

8. What is not true about the medulla oblongata?
   a. There are nuclei synapses that mediate and maintain equilibrium
   b. Contains ascending sensory tract nuclei cuneatus and gracilis
   c. Contains cardiovascular (adjust force and rate of the heart contraction) and respiratory centers
   (control rate and depth of breathing)
   d. Relays nerve messages from the spinal cord to the brain
   e. Processes inter-aural time differences for sound localization
   f. Function control of sneeze, cough, swallow, suck and vomiting

Answer 8

d. Relays nerve messages from the spinal cord to the brain

brain to spinal cord

Question 9

Match the description and the reflex
9. Complex, involving 4 cranial nerves, respiratory centers, phrenic nerve, diaphragm contraction
and airway patency___
10. Irritation of trachea activates reflex to expel foreign material___
11. Initiated by touch receptors in pharynx, epiglottis closes, peristalsis, inhibit gag reflex
(inability to swallow, dysphagia)___
12. Drinking through straw, diaphragm contracts to expand lungs, decrease pressure___
13. Complex, activated by chemoreceptors in medulla, incorporates abdominal muscles and lower
esophageal sphincters___
a. Suck reflex
b. Vomiting reflex
c. Cough reflex
d. Swallow reflex
e. Sneeze reflex

Answer 9

9. e
10. c
11. d
12. a
13. b

Question 10

14. Which 2 statements are not true about medulla oblongata?
    (typo: cerebellum)
    a. It is located dorsal to the pons and medulla
    b. Cerebellum protrudes under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum
    c. Makes up 50% of the brain mass
    d. Provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of the skeletal muscle contraction
    e. Cerebellar activity occurs consciously

Answer 10

c. Makes up 50% of the brain mass

11%

e. Cerebellar activity occurs consciously

subconsciously

Question 11

15. Which 2 statements is wrong about cerebellum?
    a. The two bilaterally symmetrical hemispheres are connected by the vermis
    b. The gray matter is inside the cerebellar mass
    c. The white matter makes up the cortex
    d. Through inferior, middle and superior peduncles, the cerebellum is connected to the structures
    of brainstem

Answer 11

b. The gray matter is inside the cerebellar mass

cortex

c. The white matter makes up the cortex

internal matter

Question 12

16. Which statement is true about cerebellar processing?
    a. cerebellum receives impulses of the intent to initiate voluntary muscle contraction
    b. mechanoreceptors and visual signals “inform” the cerebellum of the body’s condition [balance]
    c. cerebellar cortex calculates the best way to perform a movement
    d. a “blueprint” of coordinated movement is sent to the cerebral motor cortex
    e. all of the above is true

Answer 12

e. all of the above is true

Question 13

17. Which statement is not true about cerebellar cognitive functions?
    a. Cerebellum plays a role in language and problem-solving
    b. Recognizes and predicts sequences of events (motor planning)
    c. Is an integral component of a network that is responsible for the improved storage of emotional information
    d. Permits slow coordination of movement
    e. Can be affected by alcohol

Answer 13

d. Permits slow coordination of movement

rapid coordination

Question 14

Match
18. Dysdiadochokinesia__
19. Ataxia___
20. Dysmetria___

a. Overestimation or underestimation of force
b. Irregular uncoordinated movement of limbs or trunk
c. Inability to perform a coordinated movement

Answer 14

18. c
19. b
20. a

Question 15

21. The limbic system includes all of the structures, except
    a. Rhinencephalon
    b. Amygdala
    c. Cerebellum
    d. Hypothalamus
    e. Anterior nucleus of the thalamus

Answer 15

c. Cerebellum

Question 16

22. What is true about the limbic system?
    a. Deals with anger, danger, and fear responses
    b. Plays role in existing emotions via gestures, and resolves mental conflict
    c. Puts emotional responses to odors
    d. All of the above

Answer 16

d. All of the above

Question 17

23. Through interaction with prefrontal cortex, the limbic system is involved in reacting emotionally to conscious understandings and conscious awareness of emotion in one’s life
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 17

a. True

Question 18

24. Hippocampal structures convert old information into short-term memories
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 18

b. False

long term

Question 19

25. Hippocampal structures are involved in spatial navigation, for example, directions
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 19

a. True

Question 20

26. The reticular formation is composed of three board columns along the length of the brain
    stem and has diverse axonal connections with all, except
    a. Thalamus
    b. Hypothalamus
    c. Cerebellum
    d. Spinal cord
    e. Pons

Answer 20

e. Pons

Question 21

27. What is not true about reticular activating system (RAS)?
    a. Is involved with cortical arousal
    b. Sends impulses to the cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert
    c. Filters out repetitive and weak stimuli
    d. Alerts cortex to strong sensory signals like smoke alarm, intruder, flashlight
    e. In regards to motor functions, helps control coarse motor movements
    f. Autonomic centers regulate visceral sensory functions

Answer 21

f. Autonomic centers regulate visceral sensory functions

motor fx

Question 22

28. Motor functions of the RAS (reticular-activating system), includes vasomotor, cardiac, and
    respiratory centers
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 22

a. True

Question 23

29. Electroencephalography records electrical activity of the heart
    A. True
    b. false

Answer 23

b. false

brain

Question 24

30. People’s brain waves ae standard for all
    a. True
    b. False

Answer 24

b. False

Question 25

31. Wave frequency is expressed in Hertz (Hz) a. True b. False

Answer 25

a. True

Question 26

32. Brain waves do not change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease and the chemical state of the body a. True b. False

Answer 26

b. False

Question 27

33. EEGs can be used for diagnostic purposes for localizing brain lesions, tumors, infarcts, infections, abscesses and epileptic lesions, as well as for TREATMENT of those tumors a. True b. False

Answer 27

b. False

Question 28

34. Which EEG is a clinical evidence of death? a. Curved b. Spiked c. Flat d. Flat with occasional spikes

Answer 28

c. Flat

Question 29

Match 35. Regular and rhythmic, low amplitude, slow, synchronous wave, indicating an “idle” brain___ 36. More irregular than alpha waves, common in children but abnormal in adults___ 37. Characteristic of a relaxed, alert state of consciousness and is present by the age of two years___ 38. Has the frequency range above 12Hz___ 39. Is seen in deep sleep___ 40. Is best detected with the eyes closed___ 41. Rhythmic, more irregular waves occurring during the awake and mentally alert state___ 42. Frequency ranges from 4 Hz to 8Hz and is associated with drowsiness, childhood, adolescence and young adulthood___ 43. Attenuates with drowsiness and open eyes, and is best seen over the occipital cortex___ 44. The frequency ranges from 8Hz to 12 Hz___ 45. Often associated with active busy or anxious thinking and active concentration___ 46. Otherwise is called Berger’s wave___ 47. The frequency ranges up to 4Hz, and is often associated with the very young and certain encephalopathies and underlying lesions___ 48. This EEG frequency sometimes can be produced by hyperventilation___ 49. Can be seen during hypnagogic states such as trances, hypnosis, deep daydreams, lucid dreaming, and light sleep and the preconscious state just upon waking, and just before falling asleep___ a. Alpha wave b. Beta wave c. Theta wave d. Delta wave

Answer 29

ALPHA 35. Regular and rhythmic, low amplitude, slow, synchronous wave, indicating an “idle” brain 37. Characteristic of a relaxed, alert state of consciousness and is present by the age of 2 years 40. Is best detected with the eyes closed 43. Attenuates with drowsiness and open eyes, and is best seen over the occipital cortex 44. 8Hz to 12 Hz 46. Otherwise is called Berger’s wave BETA 38. above 12Hz___ 41. Rhythmic, more irregular waves occurring during the awake and mentally alert state 45. Often associated with active busy or anxious thinking and active concentration DELTA 39. deep sleep___ 47. up to 4Hz, and is often associated with the very young and certain encephalopathies and underlying lesions___ THETA 36. More irregular than alpha waves, common in children but abnormal in adults 42. 4 Hz to 8Hz and is associated with drowsiness, childhood, adolescence and young adulthood 48. This EEG frequency sometimes can be produced by hyperventilation 49. Can be seen during hypnagogic states such as trances, hypnosis, deep daydreams, lucid dreaming, and light sleep and the preconscious state just upon waking, and just before falling asleep

Question 30

Match 50. Non-rapid eye movement___ 51. Rapid eye movement ___ a. Restorative b. dreaming

Answer 30

50 NREM restorative 51 REM dreaming

Question 31

52. There are three stages of non-REM during the first 30-45 minutes of sleep a. True b. false

Answer 31

b. false there are 4