AP4 Quiz on CNS 2 and 3 Flashcards
- The brain stem consists of all, except
a. Midbrain
b. Optic chiasm
c. Pons
d. Medulla oblongata
b. Optic chiasm
- Which cranial nerves are not associated with mid brain stem?
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. III and IV
d. IV and V
a. I and II
- Which statement is not true about mid-brain?
a. It is located between diencephalon and the pons
b. Has cerebral peduncles, that contain descending pyramidal motor tracts and substantia nigra
can be found here
c. The third and fourth ventricles are here
d. The aqueduct between the fourth and third ventricles passes here
e. Has the nuclei of III and IV cranial nerves
c. The third and fourth ventricles are here
- True or false: The substantia nigra is the site of dopamine production in the brain
a. True
b. False
a. True
- What is not true about red nucleus in the mid-brain?
a. It has mid-ventral position
b. Has rich blood supply
c. Zinc gives the red characteristic
d. Is involved in motor coordination, mostly upper extremities
c. Zinc gives the red characteristic
Fe iron
- Which statement is not true about pons?
a. It is a bulging brainstem region between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata
b. Forms part of the anterior wall of the third ventricle
c. Relays impulses between the motor cortex and the cerebellum
d. Contains respiratory centers
e. Contains the nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, VII, VIII and nuclei of the reticular formation
b. Forms part of the anterior wall of the third ventricle
fourth
- What statement is not true about medulla oblongata?
a. Is the most inferior part of the brain stem
b. Along with the pons, forms the ventral wall of the fourth ventricle
c. Contains a choroid plexus on the ventral wall of the fourth ventricle
d. Here is where the crossover of the corticospinal tracts take place
e. Contains gray matter that relay sensory information
f. Contains nuclei of IX, X, XI and XII cranial nerves
all correct?
- What is not true about the medulla oblongata?
a. There are nuclei synapses that mediate and maintain equilibrium
b. Contains ascending sensory tract nuclei cuneatus and gracilis
c. Contains cardiovascular (adjust force and rate of the heart contraction) and respiratory centers
(control rate and depth of breathing)
d. Relays nerve messages from the spinal cord to the brain
e. Processes inter-aural time differences for sound localization
f. Function control of sneeze, cough, swallow, suck and vomiting
d. Relays nerve messages from the spinal cord to the brain
brain to spinal cord
Match the description and the reflex
9. Complex, involving 4 cranial nerves, respiratory centers, phrenic nerve, diaphragm contraction
and airway patency___
10. Irritation of trachea activates reflex to expel foreign material___
11. Initiated by touch receptors in pharynx, epiglottis closes, peristalsis, inhibit gag reflex
(inability to swallow, dysphagia)___
12. Drinking through straw, diaphragm contracts to expand lungs, decrease pressure___
13. Complex, activated by chemoreceptors in medulla, incorporates abdominal muscles and lower
esophageal sphincters___
a. Suck reflex
b. Vomiting reflex
c. Cough reflex
d. Swallow reflex
e. Sneeze reflex
- e
- c
- d
- a
- b
- Which 2 statements are not true about medulla oblongata?
(typo: cerebellum)
a. It is located dorsal to the pons and medulla
b. Cerebellum protrudes under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum
c. Makes up 50% of the brain mass
d. Provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of the skeletal muscle contraction
e. Cerebellar activity occurs consciously
c. Makes up 50% of the brain mass
11%
e. Cerebellar activity occurs consciously
subconsciously
- Which 2 statements is wrong about cerebellum?
a. The two bilaterally symmetrical hemispheres are connected by the vermis
b. The gray matter is inside the cerebellar mass
c. The white matter makes up the cortex
d. Through inferior, middle and superior peduncles, the cerebellum is connected to the structures
of brainstem
b. The gray matter is inside the cerebellar mass
cortex
c. The white matter makes up the cortex
internal matter
- Which statement is true about cerebellar processing?
a. cerebellum receives impulses of the intent to initiate voluntary muscle contraction
b. mechanoreceptors and visual signals “inform” the cerebellum of the body’s condition [balance]
c. cerebellar cortex calculates the best way to perform a movement
d. a “blueprint” of coordinated movement is sent to the cerebral motor cortex
e. all of the above is true
e. all of the above is true
- Which statement is not true about cerebellar cognitive functions?
a. Cerebellum plays a role in language and problem-solving
b. Recognizes and predicts sequences of events (motor planning)
c. Is an integral component of a network that is responsible for the improved storage of emotional information
d. Permits slow coordination of movement
e. Can be affected by alcohol
d. Permits slow coordination of movement
rapid coordination
Match
18. Dysdiadochokinesia__
19. Ataxia___
20. Dysmetria___
a. Overestimation or underestimation of force
b. Irregular uncoordinated movement of limbs or trunk
c. Inability to perform a coordinated movement
- c
- b
- a
- The limbic system includes all of the structures, except
a. Rhinencephalon
b. Amygdala
c. Cerebellum
d. Hypothalamus
e. Anterior nucleus of the thalamus
c. Cerebellum
- What is true about the limbic system?
a. Deals with anger, danger, and fear responses
b. Plays role in existing emotions via gestures, and resolves mental conflict
c. Puts emotional responses to odors
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
- Through interaction with prefrontal cortex, the limbic system is involved in reacting emotionally to conscious understandings and conscious awareness of emotion in one’s life
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Hippocampal structures convert old information into short-term memories
a. True
b. False
b. False
long term
- Hippocampal structures are involved in spatial navigation, for example, directions
a. True
b. False
a. True
- The reticular formation is composed of three board columns along the length of the brain
stem and has diverse axonal connections with all, except
a. Thalamus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Cerebellum
d. Spinal cord
e. Pons
e. Pons
- What is not true about reticular activating system (RAS)?
a. Is involved with cortical arousal
b. Sends impulses to the cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert
c. Filters out repetitive and weak stimuli
d. Alerts cortex to strong sensory signals like smoke alarm, intruder, flashlight
e. In regards to motor functions, helps control coarse motor movements
f. Autonomic centers regulate visceral sensory functions
f. Autonomic centers regulate visceral sensory functions
motor fx
- Motor functions of the RAS (reticular-activating system), includes vasomotor, cardiac, and
respiratory centers
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Electroencephalography records electrical activity of the heart
A. True
b. false
b. false
brain
- People’s brain waves ae standard for all
a. True
b. False
b. False
- Wave frequency is expressed in Hertz (Hz)
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Brain waves do not change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease and the chemical state of
the body
a. True
b. False
b. False
- EEGs can be used for diagnostic purposes for localizing brain lesions, tumors, infarcts,
infections, abscesses and epileptic lesions, as well as for TREATMENT of those tumors
a. True
b. False
b. False
- Which EEG is a clinical evidence of death?
a. Curved
b. Spiked
c. Flat
d. Flat with occasional spikes
c. Flat
Match
35. Regular and rhythmic, low amplitude, slow, synchronous wave, indicating an “idle” brain___
36. More irregular than alpha waves, common in children but abnormal in adults___
37. Characteristic of a relaxed, alert state of consciousness and is present by the age of two
years___
38. Has the frequency range above 12Hz___
39. Is seen in deep sleep___
40. Is best detected with the eyes closed___
41. Rhythmic, more irregular waves occurring during the awake and mentally alert state___
42. Frequency ranges from 4 Hz to 8Hz and is associated with drowsiness, childhood, adolescence
and young adulthood___
43. Attenuates with drowsiness and open eyes, and is best seen over the occipital cortex___
44. The frequency ranges from 8Hz to 12 Hz___
45. Often associated with active busy or anxious thinking and active concentration___
46. Otherwise is called Berger’s wave___
47. The frequency ranges up to 4Hz, and is often associated with the very young and certain
encephalopathies and underlying lesions___
48. This EEG frequency sometimes can be produced by hyperventilation___
49. Can be seen during hypnagogic states such as trances, hypnosis, deep daydreams, lucid
dreaming, and light sleep and the preconscious state just upon waking, and just before falling
asleep___
a. Alpha wave
b. Beta wave
c. Theta wave
d. Delta wave
ALPHA
35. Regular and rhythmic, low amplitude, slow, synchronous wave, indicating an “idle” brain
37. Characteristic of a relaxed, alert state of consciousness and is present by the age of 2
years
40. Is best detected with the eyes closed
43. Attenuates with drowsiness and open eyes, and is best seen over the occipital cortex
44. 8Hz to 12 Hz
46. Otherwise is called Berger’s wave
BETA
38. above 12Hz___
41. Rhythmic, more irregular waves occurring during the awake and mentally alert state
45. Often associated with active busy or anxious thinking and active concentration
DELTA
39. deep sleep___
47. up to 4Hz, and is often associated with the very young and certain
encephalopathies and underlying lesions___
THETA
36. More irregular than alpha waves, common in children but abnormal in adults
42. 4 Hz to 8Hz and is associated with drowsiness, childhood, adolescence and young adulthood
48. This EEG frequency sometimes can be produced by hyperventilation
49. Can be seen during hypnagogic states such as trances, hypnosis, deep daydreams, lucid
dreaming, and light sleep and the preconscious state just upon waking, and just before falling
asleep
Match
50. Non-rapid eye movement___
51. Rapid eye movement ___
a. Restorative
b. dreaming
50 NREM restorative
51 REM dreaming
- There are three stages of non-REM during the first 30-45 minutes of sleep
a. True
b. false
b. false
there are 4
