ap4 quiz 1 Flashcards by n p

Which statement is wrong?

a. CNS is comprised of the brain and spinal cord

b. There are 32 pairs of spinal nerves

c. There as 12 pairs of cranial nerves

d. Spinal nerves exit at spinal level via intervertebral foraminae

b. There are 32 pairs of spinal nerves

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Circle all correct statements

a. PNS connects the body to the CNS

b. Afferent division of PNS picks up information from skin, muscles, joints and viscera

c. Afferent division is the motor division

d. Efferent division is the sensory division

e. Efferent division is divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems

are correct

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Match the cell with the function and description

Most abundant, connect neuron to capillary, take up nutrients and deliver them to neuron, form “blood-

brain” barrier, assists in spatial learning and memory___________

Line central cavities of brain and spinal cord, form CSF, squamous flat to columnar and often ciliated____

Form myelin sheath__________

Play protective role in CNS, have macrophage capability_________

a. Astrocytes

b. Microglial cells

c. Ependymal cells

d. Oligodendrocytes

A Astrocytes - most abundant

C ependymal - line central cav

D oligodendrocytes - form myelin

B microglial - protective, macrophagic

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Which part of the nervous system continues to be subject to neurogenesis in adulthood?

a. Brain stem

b. Central nuclei

c. Hippocampus

d. Cerebellum

c. Hippocampus

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The receptive area of the neuron is the

a. Body

b. Dendrite

c. Schwann cell

d. Axon

b. Dendrite

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The gaps in the myelin sheath are called

a. Axon Hillock

b. Secretory region

c. Ranvier node

d. Interneuron

c. Ranvier node

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What is the correct sequence of events in the passage of nerve signal?

a. Axon—–body—–dendrite

b. Dendrite—–Axon—-Body

c. Dendrite—-Body—-Axon

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What is released when the electrical signal reaches to terminal of the neuron?

a. Ganglionic fluid

b. Neural juice

c. Neurotransmitter

d. Myelin

c. Neurotransmitter

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What contributes to the white color to the nerves?

a. Myelin

b. Schwann cells

c. Both a and b

d. None of the above

a. Myelin

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Which statement about interneurons is wrong?

a. Interneurons are dissociation neurons

b. The are between motor and sensory neurons

c. They are multipolar

d. The comprise 90% of neurons in the CNS

a. Interneurons are dissociation neurons

association neurons

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Which statement is not true about neurons?

a. There are about 100 billion neurons & 100 trillion synapses

b. Estimated storage = 2.5 petabytes (2.5 x 1015 ), equivalent to 2560 terabytes

c. They are the structural units of nervous system

d. They conduct nerve impulses

e. They have extreme longevity and amitotic division (neurogenesis)

f. They have very low metabolic rate

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Which statement is not true about Autonomic Nervous System?

a. Passes information from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands [visceral

motor nerve fibers]

b. Is part of the voluntary nervous system (unconscious control)

c. Has two parts:

sympathetic
Parasympathetic

b. Is part of the voluntary nervous system (unconscious control)

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What is called activity-dependent restructuring of the neuron?

a. Aplasticity

b. Plasticity

c. Voluntarism

d. Neoneurogenesis

b. Plasticity

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Match in regards to cluster of nerve cells bodies

Nuclei___
Ganglions___

a. In the CNS

b. In the PNS

nuclei CNS

ganglions PNS

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Which statement is not true about dendrites?

a. They are short, tapering, diffusely branched

b. They arise off of the cell body

c. They are main receptive [input] regions

d. dendritic spines = synapses with other neurons

e. convey messages away from the cell body by graded potentials

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What is not true about axon?

a. each neuron has a single axon – long or short

b. long axons are called nerve fibers

c. axon always branches

d. arises from axon hillock on the cell body

e. significant branching occurs at axon terminus

f. actual terminus is knob-like and is secretory

g. electrical signal reaches terminal and causes neurotransmitters to release into and across the

synapse (space between 2 neurons)

c. axon always branches

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What is true about myelin sheath?

a. does not cover all nerves – some nerves are

unmyelinated

b. It wraps the neurons in “jelly-roll” wrapping style

c. protects and electrically insulates axon only

d. myelination increases speed of transmission

e. all of the above

Schwann cells do not touch, and leave gaps between themselves, called nodes of Ranvier

a. True

b. False

a. True

Match

myelinated nerve fibers [axons], represent information on the move___
neuron cell bodies and short unmyelinated fibers, represent information processing___

a. Grey matter

b. White matter

B white matter - myelinated nerve fibers [axons], represent information on the move

A gray matter - neuron cell bodies and short unmyelinated fibers, represent information processing

Structurally, based on number of processes from cell body, the neurons are classified as

a. Multipolar

b. Unipolar

c. Bipolar

d. All of the above

Functionally, the neurons are classified as all, except

a. Sensory

b. Motor

c. Neuromuscular

d. Interneuron

c. Neuromuscular

Match

Pass information to the CNS, cell bodies located outside CNS [in ganglia], unipolar____
Pass information from the CNS, cell bodies located in CNS [in nuclei], multipolar____
Located between motor and sensory neurons, multipolar and comprise 90%of neurons in

CNS____

afferent

efferent

interneuron

afferent system: Pass information to the CNS, cell bodies located outside CNS [in ganglia], unipolar____

efferent - Pass information from the CNS, cell bodies located in CNS [in nuclei], multipolar____

interneuron - Located between motor and sensory neurons, multipolar and comprise 90%of neurons in

CNS____

Which statement is correct about neurophysiology?

a. neurons are “excitable” cells

b. when adequately stimulated, generate action potentials

[nerve impulse] that travel down the axon

c. different types of potentials

resting membrane potential
graded potentials
action potentials

d. All statements are correct

Which statement is not correct about voltage?

a. potential energy generated by separated charges

b. in neurons, charges are separated by plasma membrane

c. inside of the cell is positive, outside is negative

29. Potential difference reflects the charge difference value across the membrane [based on Na and K concentrations], smaller the difference, the higher the potential a. True b. False

b. False

Match 30. Is the flow of ions, when appropriate, the ions will flow in and out of the neuron ____ 31. Reduced by insulators and conductors, this purpose is served by the myelin sheath____ a. Current b. Resistance

30. A 31. B

Match: 32. Also known as “ligand-gated, implies that something binds to the channel protein to activate it, binding of neurotransmitters opens the channel___ 33. Respond to changes in the local membrane potential, a voltage change or reversal triggers it to open___ 34. Responds to physical deformation____ a. voltage-gated ion channels [gates] b. chemically-gated ion channels [gates] c. mechanically gated ion channels [gates]

32. B 33. A 34. C

35. Ions moving along chemical gradients [diffusion] and electrical gradients [to opposite charge] constitute the electrochemical gradient and this gradient is the basis of neuron function a. True b. False

a. True

36. What is not true about Resting membrane potential? a. It is the difference between inside and outside of neuron [inside is negatively-charged] b. Membrane is said to be “polarized” c. It is due to high Na+ outside neuron and high K+ inside neuron d. Diffusion of Na+ and K+ would upset gradient e. Gradient is maintained by Na/K pump f. 1 Na+ out and 5 K+ in in a typical neuron, RMP is -70mV [minus 70]

f. 1 Na+ out and 5 K+ in in a typical neuron, RMP is -70mV [minus 70]

37. Gradient potentials are on dendrites, action potentials are on axons a.True b. False

a. True

38. When inside of the neuronal membrane becomes less negative, membrane depolarizes a. True b. False

a. True

39. What is not true about action potential? a. It is the principle means of neuron communication b. Occurs in excitable membranes [neurons, muscle cells] c. Generate and propagate action potentials d. Brief reversal of membrane potential from -70 mV to +30 mV takes place e. There are three phases relative to the resting phase: 1. depolarization 2. repolarization 3. Hyperpolarization f. The most important is the superpolarization

f. The most important is the superpolarization

40. Depolarization, repolarization and hyperpolarization take place through Sodium and Potassium ions entering in and out of the cell through the gates in an organized and timely manner a. True b. False

a. True

41. Influx of Na+ establishes local current that depolarizes adjacent membrane a. True b. False

a. True

42. In myelinated neurons action potential appears to jump along the length of an axon, being regenerated only at uninsulated segments, [the nodes of Ranvier] that increases the speed of passage of the information a. True b. False

a. True

43. Which statement is not true? a. The stimulus generates action potential only if it reaches the threshold b. All stimuli will cause AP c. Resting membrane potential must depolarize by between +15 to +20 mV d. Just enough Na+ enters otherwise AP won’t occur e. Regardless of what the stimulus was, all AP are the same –amplitude is constant f. There is ALL or NONE phenomenon g. Strong stimuli = increased frequency of AP, weak stimuli = decreased frequency of AP

b. All stimuli will cause AP

44. In refractory period there is no AP no matter how strong the stimulus a. True b. False

a. True

45. The larger the diameter of the axon, faster the conductivity a. True b. False

a. True

46. The skin, skeletal muscle, joints are innervated by large diameter and thickly myelinated axons a. True b. False

a. True

47. Nerves with intermediate diameter and lightly myelinated serve automatic nervous system a. True b. False

a. True

48. No myelinated, small diameter nerves act as pain fibers a. True b. False

a. True