quiz from report Flashcards
1
Q
Gram-negative, thin, flexible, helical/spiral-shaped bacteria found primarily in aquatic environments. They are anaerobic and crucial in breaking down organic matter.
A
spirochaeta
2
Q
a species of Spirochaeta important for its role in organic matter breakdown in aquatic environments.
A
Spirochaeta halophila
3
Q
causes Lyme disease and has a spiral or corkscrew shape with axial filaments.
A
Borrelia burgdorferi
4
Q
microaerophilic or anaerobic and inhabit the environment of their hosts or vectors. They move via axial filaments, resembling a corkscrew.
A
borrelia
5
Q
causes leptospirosis, a disease often contracted from water contaminated with animal urine.
A
Leptospira interrogans
6
Q
found in moist environments, particularly in water contaminated with animal urine. They are aerobic and exhibit corkscrew-like motion.
A
leptospira
7
Q
causing syphilis.
A
Treponema pallidum
8
Q
species are found in anaerobic environments, such as the human mouth and genital tract. They exhibit a corkscrew motion.
A
treponema
9
Q
associated with gingivitis.
A
Treponema denticola
10
Q
major part of the normal gut flora and are involved in the gastrointestinal microbiota. They are Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, and generally harmless.
A
Bacteroides
11
Q
a species of Bacteroides, part of the normal gut flora and non-endospore-forming.
A
Bacteroides fragilis
12
Q
They are aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, free-living bacteria with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, rod-shaped cells, and great acid tolerance.
A
Beijerinckia bacteria
13
Q
In freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments, frequently attaching to solid objects.
A
Hyphomicrobium
14
Q
chemoheterotrophic, aerobic, rod-shaped, form hyphae, and reproduce by budding.
A
Hyphomicrobium
15
Q
Gonorrhea,
A
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
16
Q
Meningitis, an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
A
Neisseria meningitidis
17
Q
In soil and water, and they can survive in various environments, including contaminated medical equipment.
A
Burkholderia
18
Q
an opportunistic pathogen, particularly affecting individuals with compromised immune systems or cystic fibrosis.
A
Burkholderia
19
Q
It produces a characteristic fruity odor or an ammonia-like smell.
A
Alcaligenes faecalis
20
Q
inhabit the mucous membranes of mammals.
A
NEISSERIA
21
Q
They have alkaline tolerance, allowing them to survive in high pH environments.
A
alcaligenes
22
Q
Helical filaments, chemoorganotrophs, lack a cell wall, reproduce by binary fission, and are typically found in insects and plants.
A
spiroplasma
23
Q
Citrus stubborn disease and male-killing in fruit flies
A
Spiroplasma poulsonii
24
Q
They are pleomorphic, lack flagella, are chemoorganotrophs, and reproduce by binary fission.
A
Acholeplasma
25
They form true endospores, are chemoheterotrophic, motile, and can be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.
bacillus
26
Used in agriculture as probiotics and biopesticides, in the food industry for fermentation, and in medicine for producing antibiotics like bacitracin, gramicidin, and polymyxin.
bacillus
27
Anthrax, which can be cutaneous, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal.
bacillus anthracis
28
Emetic illness (food poisoning) and diarrhea.
bacillus cereus
29
They are multicellular rods that form disk-shaped cells, are strictly aerobic, and use acetate as a carbon source.
Caryophanum
30
known species of Caryophanum
Caryophanum latum
31
They are rod-shaped, form true endospores, are motile, and can be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.
Paenibacillus
32
They are bioindicators and can act as pests (e.g., Paenibacillus larvae, Paenibacillus polymyxa).
paenibacillus
33
Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria. Aerobic and chemoorganotrophic. Important environmental bacterium, not typically a human pathogen.
comamonas
34
Chemolithoautotrophic, rod-shaped, betaproteobacteria. Oxidizes ammonia to nitrite. Important for nitrogen balance in ecosystems.
nitrosomonas
35
A common species of Nitrosomonas. Found in environments with high ammonia levels.
nitrosomonas europaea
36
Uses methanol as a carbon and energy source. Aerobic, non-halophilic, methylotrophic bacteria. Short, rod-shaped.
methylophilus
37
A species of Methylophilus found in aquatic environments.
methylophilus aquaticus
38
A species of Methylophilus found in the rhizosphere (the soil around plant roots).
methylophilus rhozosphaerae
39
Sulfur-oxidizing, chemolithotrophic bacteria. Important for the sulfur cycle. Grows aerobically by oxidizing sulfur compounds.
thiobacillus
40
A species of Thiobacillus that oxidizes iron.
thiobacillus ferooxidans
41
A species of Thiobacillus that oxidizes sulfur.
thiobacillus novellus
42
A species of Thiobacillus that can reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.
thiobacillus denitrificans
43
Purple sulfur bacteria. Contain bacteriochlorophylls. Rod-shaped or spiral cells. Use sulfur compounds in photosynthesis. Strict anaerobes.
chromatium
44
A well-studied species of Chromatium.
chromatium vinosum
45
A genus of nitrifying bacteria. Similar to Nitrosomonas in function.
Nitrosospira
46
Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Some species are beneficial, while others are pathogenic.
Escherichia
47
A well-known species of Escherichia. Most strains are harmless, but some can cause food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and other diseases.
Escherichia coli
48
Can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and other infections.
Klebsiella
49
A common species of Klebsiella. Known for its capsule, which helps it evade the immune system.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
50
Commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Can cause urinary tract infections, wound infections, and other infections.
proteus
51
A common species of Proteus. Known for its swarming motility, where it spreads rapidly across surfaces.
proteus mirabilis
52
Found in the intestines of humans and animals. Can cause food poisoning, typhoid fever, and other diseases.
salmonella
53
A species of Salmonella that is responsible for most cases of salmonellosis.
salmonella enterica
54
A species of Salmonella that causes typhoid fever, a serious illness.
salmonella typhi
55
Gliding bacteria, forming rosettes and dispersing through gonidia. Not pathogenic, involved in decomposition and biofilm formation.
leucothrix
56
species of leucothrix
leucothrix mucor
57
Small, rod-shaped bacteria with polar flagella. Gram-negative, aerobic, chemoorganotrophic. Found in aquatic environments. Intracellular parasites.
Legionella
58
causes Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease.
Legionella pneumophilia
59
Slightly curved, gram-negative rods with polar flagella. Aerobic chemoorganotrophs. Found in diverse environments. Have a functional TCA cycle. Can be pathogenic, causing various infections.
pseudomonas
60
. Known for its ability to break down organic pollutants.
Pseudomonas putida
61
Pleomorphic bacteria, ranging from rods to coccoid shapes. Motile with peritrichous flagella. Form cysts. Heterotrophic, abundant in nature. Catalase positive, perform nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation.
azotobacter
62
A species of Azotobacter. Not pathogenic, contributes to soil fertility and bioremediation.
azotobacter chroococcum
63
Curved rods with polar flagella. Gram-negative, facultative anaerobes, heterotrophic. Mostly halophilic, found in marine/estuarine environments. Some are adapted to freshwater
vibrio
64
causes cholera
vibrio cholera
65
A species of Vibrio that causes gastroenteritis.
vibrio parahaemolyticus
66
A species of Vibrio that causes vibriosis (a fish disease).
vibrio anguillarum
67
A species of Vibrio that exhibits bioluminescence due to the enzyme luciferase.
vibrio fischeri
68
These Bacilli have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, which retains the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining procedure
Gram-Positive Bacilli
69
These Bacilli have a thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall and an outer membrane. They do not retain the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining procedure. They are often more resistant to antibiotics.
gram-negative bacilli
70
capable of forming endospores, which are highly resistant structures that allow the bacteria to survive harsh conditions.
spore forming bacilli
71
do not form spores. They are generally less resistant to environmental stresses than spore-forming bacilli.
non-spore-forming bacilli
72
Gram-positive cocci, often arranged in pairs or chains. Facultative anaerobes, nonmotile, nonsporing. Carry out heterolactic fermentation. Found in fermented foods, silage, and milk. Can cause food spoilage.
Leuconostoc
73
A common species of Leuconostoc. Important in the production of fermented foods.
Leuconostoc mesenteroides
74
Spherical cells, often in clusters (like grapes). Gram-positive, facultative anaerobes, nonmotile, nonsporing. Catalase positive. Found on skin and mucous membranes.
staphylococcus
75
Produces coagulase (enzyme that clots blood). Produces yellow pigment. Can cause skin infections, food poisoning, pneumonia, and other serious infections.
Staphylococcus aureus
76
Does not produce coagulase. Usually non-pigmented. Less harmful than S. aureus. Commonly found on skin.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
77
Obligate aerobic, catalase-positive cocci. Found in soil, water, and on skin. Usually nonmotile. Can be opportunistic pathogens.
Micrococcus
78
A common species of Micrococcus.
micrococcus luteus
79
Gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Have a rod-coccus growth cycle (change shape during growth). Found in soil. Not typically pathogenic.
arthrobacter
80
A common species of Arthrobacter. Important in soil fertility and bioremediation.
Arthrobacter globiformis
81
Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. Can be straight or slightly curved. Form filaments with true branching. Facultative or strict anaerobes. Found in the oral cavity and other mucous membranes.
Actinomyces
82
A species of Actinomyces that can cause actinomycosis, a chronic infection.
Actinomyces israelii
83
A species of Actinomyces that is commonly found in the oral cavity.
Actinomyces naeslundii
84
a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that is thermophilic, meaning it thrives in high temperatures (45°C to 60°C). It exhibits filamentous growth, similar to fungi, and is capable of forming branched structures.
Thermoactinomyces
85
cause Farmer's Lung, a respiratory disease.
thermoactinomyces
86
gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium that produces lactic acid as a by-product of carbohydrate fermentation. It is tolerant to low pH (acidic) environments and often associated with facultative anaerobic metabolism.
lactobacillus
87
naturally found in the gastrointestinal tract, mouth, and vagina of humans and animals. It is also present in fermented foods.
lactobacillus
88
is a gram-positive, spherical (cocci) bacterium that forms chains. It is non-motile and non-spore-forming. S
Streptococcus
89
causes strep throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, and necrotizing fasciitis.
Streptococcus pyogenes
90
a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
91
dental caries
Streptococcus mutans
92
cause neonatal sepsis and meningitis.
Streptococcus agalactiae
93
Streptococcus is found in the oral cavity, skin, throat, respiratory tract, and intestines of humans and animals.
streptococcus
94
cocci-shaped bacterium that often forms pairs or short chains.
enterococcus
95
causes listeriosis
listeria monocytogenes
96
Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, and gastrointestinal issues. In severe cases, it can lead to meningitis, sepsis, and miscarriages.
listeria
97
is a genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. They are non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, and grow in chains. They are commonly found in the oral and respiratory tracts of rats and mice.
Streptobacillus
98
causative agent of Rat Bite Fever
Streptobacillus moniliformis
99
a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria. They are rod-shaped and found in the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract.
fusobacterium
100
two common species of Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum.
101
Lemierre's Syndrome is a rare but serious infection caused by
Fusobacterium necrophorum
102
a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that produces long, flexible threadlike cells. They are rod-shaped, non-sporulating, and known for their gliding motility.
flexibacter
103
What are two examples of Flexibacter species?
Flexibacter litoralis and Flexibacter elegans.
104
a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that forms symbiotic relationships with non-leguminous plants.
frankia
105
What causes Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
106
Causes urinary tract infections and is known for its urease production and motility
Proteus mirabilis
107
Severe diarrhea often containing blood, mucus, and pus (shigellosis)
Shigella dysenteriae?
108
What is the primary method of reproduction for Beijerinckia?
binary fission
