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quiz from report Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram-negative, thin, flexible, helical/spiral-shaped bacteria found primarily in aquatic environments. They are anaerobic and crucial in breaking down organic matter.

A

spirochaeta

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2
Q

a species of Spirochaeta important for its role in organic matter breakdown in aquatic environments.

A

Spirochaeta halophila

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3
Q

causes Lyme disease and has a spiral or corkscrew shape with axial filaments.

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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4
Q

microaerophilic or anaerobic and inhabit the environment of their hosts or vectors. They move via axial filaments, resembling a corkscrew.

A

borrelia

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5
Q

causes leptospirosis, a disease often contracted from water contaminated with animal urine.

A

Leptospira interrogans

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6
Q

found in moist environments, particularly in water contaminated with animal urine. They are aerobic and exhibit corkscrew-like motion.

A

leptospira

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7
Q

causing syphilis.

A

Treponema pallidum

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8
Q

species are found in anaerobic environments, such as the human mouth and genital tract. They exhibit a corkscrew motion.

A

treponema

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9
Q

associated with gingivitis.

A

Treponema denticola

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10
Q

major part of the normal gut flora and are involved in the gastrointestinal microbiota. They are Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, and generally harmless.

A

Bacteroides

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11
Q

a species of Bacteroides, part of the normal gut flora and non-endospore-forming.

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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12
Q

They are aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, free-living bacteria with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, rod-shaped cells, and great acid tolerance.

A

Beijerinckia bacteria

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13
Q

In freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments, frequently attaching to solid objects.

A

Hyphomicrobium

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14
Q

chemoheterotrophic, aerobic, rod-shaped, form hyphae, and reproduce by budding.

A

Hyphomicrobium

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15
Q

Gonorrhea,

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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16
Q

Meningitis, an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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17
Q

In soil and water, and they can survive in various environments, including contaminated medical equipment.

A

Burkholderia

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18
Q

an opportunistic pathogen, particularly affecting individuals with compromised immune systems or cystic fibrosis.

A

Burkholderia

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19
Q

It produces a characteristic fruity odor or an ammonia-like smell.

A

Alcaligenes faecalis

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20
Q

inhabit the mucous membranes of mammals.

A

NEISSERIA

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21
Q

They have alkaline tolerance, allowing them to survive in high pH environments.

A

alcaligenes

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22
Q

Helical filaments, chemoorganotrophs, lack a cell wall, reproduce by binary fission, and are typically found in insects and plants.

A

spiroplasma

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23
Q

Citrus stubborn disease and male-killing in fruit flies

A

Spiroplasma poulsonii

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24
Q

They are pleomorphic, lack flagella, are chemoorganotrophs, and reproduce by binary fission.

A

Acholeplasma

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25
Q

They form true endospores, are chemoheterotrophic, motile, and can be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.

A

bacillus

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26
Q

Used in agriculture as probiotics and biopesticides, in the food industry for fermentation, and in medicine for producing antibiotics like bacitracin, gramicidin, and polymyxin.

A

bacillus

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27
Q

Anthrax, which can be cutaneous, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal.

A

bacillus anthracis

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28
Q

Emetic illness (food poisoning) and diarrhea.

A

bacillus cereus

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29
Q

They are multicellular rods that form disk-shaped cells, are strictly aerobic, and use acetate as a carbon source.

A

Caryophanum

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30
Q

known species of Caryophanum

A

Caryophanum latum

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31
Q

They are rod-shaped, form true endospores, are motile, and can be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.

A

Paenibacillus

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32
Q

They are bioindicators and can act as pests (e.g., Paenibacillus larvae, Paenibacillus polymyxa).

A

paenibacillus

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33
Q

Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria. Aerobic and chemoorganotrophic. Important environmental bacterium, not typically a human pathogen.

A

comamonas

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34
Q

Chemolithoautotrophic, rod-shaped, betaproteobacteria. Oxidizes ammonia to nitrite. Important for nitrogen balance in ecosystems.

A

nitrosomonas

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35
Q

A common species of Nitrosomonas. Found in environments with high ammonia levels.

A

nitrosomonas europaea

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36
Q

Uses methanol as a carbon and energy source. Aerobic, non-halophilic, methylotrophic bacteria. Short, rod-shaped.

A

methylophilus

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37
Q

A species of Methylophilus found in aquatic environments.

A

methylophilus aquaticus

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38
Q

A species of Methylophilus found in the rhizosphere (the soil around plant roots).

A

methylophilus rhozosphaerae

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39
Q

Sulfur-oxidizing, chemolithotrophic bacteria. Important for the sulfur cycle. Grows aerobically by oxidizing sulfur compounds.

A

thiobacillus

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40
Q

A species of Thiobacillus that oxidizes iron.

A

thiobacillus ferooxidans

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41
Q

A species of Thiobacillus that oxidizes sulfur.

A

thiobacillus novellus

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42
Q

A species of Thiobacillus that can reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.

A

thiobacillus denitrificans

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43
Q

Purple sulfur bacteria. Contain bacteriochlorophylls. Rod-shaped or spiral cells. Use sulfur compounds in photosynthesis. Strict anaerobes.

A

chromatium

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44
Q

A well-studied species of Chromatium.

A

chromatium vinosum

45
Q

A genus of nitrifying bacteria. Similar to Nitrosomonas in function.

A

Nitrosospira

46
Q

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Some species are beneficial, while others are pathogenic.

A

Escherichia

47
Q

A well-known species of Escherichia. Most strains are harmless, but some can cause food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and other diseases.

A

Escherichia coli

48
Q

Can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and other infections.

A

Klebsiella

49
Q

A common species of Klebsiella. Known for its capsule, which helps it evade the immune system.

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

50
Q

Commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Can cause urinary tract infections, wound infections, and other infections.

A

proteus

51
Q

A common species of Proteus. Known for its swarming motility, where it spreads rapidly across surfaces.

A

proteus mirabilis

52
Q

Found in the intestines of humans and animals. Can cause food poisoning, typhoid fever, and other diseases.

A

salmonella

53
Q

A species of Salmonella that is responsible for most cases of salmonellosis.

A

salmonella enterica

54
Q

A species of Salmonella that causes typhoid fever, a serious illness.

A

salmonella typhi

55
Q

Gliding bacteria, forming rosettes and dispersing through gonidia. Not pathogenic, involved in decomposition and biofilm formation.

A

leucothrix

56
Q

species of leucothrix

A

leucothrix mucor

57
Q

Small, rod-shaped bacteria with polar flagella. Gram-negative, aerobic, chemoorganotrophic. Found in aquatic environments. Intracellular parasites.

A

Legionella

58
Q

causes Pontiac fever and Legionnaires’ disease.

A

Legionella pneumophilia

59
Q

Slightly curved, gram-negative rods with polar flagella. Aerobic chemoorganotrophs. Found in diverse environments. Have a functional TCA cycle. Can be pathogenic, causing various infections.

A

pseudomonas

60
Q

. Known for its ability to break down organic pollutants.

A

Pseudomonas putida

61
Q

Pleomorphic bacteria, ranging from rods to coccoid shapes. Motile with peritrichous flagella. Form cysts. Heterotrophic, abundant in nature. Catalase positive, perform nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation.

A

azotobacter

62
Q

A species of Azotobacter. Not pathogenic, contributes to soil fertility and bioremediation.

A

azotobacter chroococcum

63
Q

Curved rods with polar flagella. Gram-negative, facultative anaerobes, heterotrophic. Mostly halophilic, found in marine/estuarine environments. Some are adapted to freshwater

A

vibrio

64
Q

causes cholera

A

vibrio cholera

65
Q

A species of Vibrio that causes gastroenteritis.

A

vibrio parahaemolyticus

66
Q

A species of Vibrio that causes vibriosis (a fish disease).

A

vibrio anguillarum

67
Q

A species of Vibrio that exhibits bioluminescence due to the enzyme luciferase.

A

vibrio fischeri

68
Q

These Bacilli have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, which retains the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining procedure

A

Gram-Positive Bacilli

69
Q

These Bacilli have a thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall and an outer membrane. They do not retain the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining procedure. They are often more resistant to antibiotics.

A

gram-negative bacilli

70
Q

capable of forming endospores, which are highly resistant structures that allow the bacteria to survive harsh conditions.

A

spore forming bacilli

71
Q

do not form spores. They are generally less resistant to environmental stresses than spore-forming bacilli.

A

non-spore-forming bacilli

72
Q

Gram-positive cocci, often arranged in pairs or chains. Facultative anaerobes, nonmotile, nonsporing. Carry out heterolactic fermentation. Found in fermented foods, silage, and milk. Can cause food spoilage.

A

Leuconostoc

73
Q

A common species of Leuconostoc. Important in the production of fermented foods.

A

Leuconostoc mesenteroides

74
Q

Spherical cells, often in clusters (like grapes). Gram-positive, facultative anaerobes, nonmotile, nonsporing. Catalase positive. Found on skin and mucous membranes.

A

staphylococcus

75
Q

Produces coagulase (enzyme that clots blood). Produces yellow pigment. Can cause skin infections, food poisoning, pneumonia, and other serious infections.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

76
Q

Does not produce coagulase. Usually non-pigmented. Less harmful than S. aureus. Commonly found on skin.

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

77
Q

Obligate aerobic, catalase-positive cocci. Found in soil, water, and on skin. Usually nonmotile. Can be opportunistic pathogens.

A

Micrococcus

78
Q

A common species of Micrococcus.

A

micrococcus luteus

79
Q

Gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Have a rod-coccus growth cycle (change shape during growth). Found in soil. Not typically pathogenic.

A

arthrobacter

80
Q

A common species of Arthrobacter. Important in soil fertility and bioremediation.

A

Arthrobacter globiformis

81
Q

Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. Can be straight or slightly curved. Form filaments with true branching. Facultative or strict anaerobes. Found in the oral cavity and other mucous membranes.

A

Actinomyces

82
Q

A species of Actinomyces that can cause actinomycosis, a chronic infection.

A

Actinomyces israelii

83
Q

A species of Actinomyces that is commonly found in the oral cavity.

A

Actinomyces naeslundii

84
Q

a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that is thermophilic, meaning it thrives in high temperatures (45°C to 60°C). It exhibits filamentous growth, similar to fungi, and is capable of forming branched structures.

A

Thermoactinomyces

85
Q

cause Farmer’s Lung, a respiratory disease.

A

thermoactinomyces

86
Q

gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium that produces lactic acid as a by-product of carbohydrate fermentation. It is tolerant to low pH (acidic) environments and often associated with facultative anaerobic metabolism.

A

lactobacillus

87
Q

naturally found in the gastrointestinal tract, mouth, and vagina of humans and animals. It is also present in fermented foods.

A

lactobacillus

88
Q

is a gram-positive, spherical (cocci) bacterium that forms chains. It is non-motile and non-spore-forming. S

A

Streptococcus

89
Q

causes strep throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, and necrotizing fasciitis.

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

90
Q

a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

91
Q

dental caries

A

Streptococcus mutans

92
Q

cause neonatal sepsis and meningitis.

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

93
Q

Streptococcus is found in the oral cavity, skin, throat, respiratory tract, and intestines of humans and animals.

A

streptococcus

94
Q

cocci-shaped bacterium that often forms pairs or short chains.

A

enterococcus

95
Q

causes listeriosis

A

listeria monocytogenes

96
Q

Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, and gastrointestinal issues. In severe cases, it can lead to meningitis, sepsis, and miscarriages.

A

listeria

97
Q

is a genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. They are non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, and grow in chains. They are commonly found in the oral and respiratory tracts of rats and mice.

A

Streptobacillus

98
Q

causative agent of Rat Bite Fever

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

99
Q

a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria. They are rod-shaped and found in the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract.

A

fusobacterium

100
Q

two common species of Fusobacterium

A

Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum.

101
Q

Lemierre’s Syndrome is a rare but serious infection caused by

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

102
Q

a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that produces long, flexible threadlike cells. They are rod-shaped, non-sporulating, and known for their gliding motility.

A

flexibacter

103
Q

What are two examples of Flexibacter species?

A

Flexibacter litoralis and Flexibacter elegans.

104
Q

a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that forms symbiotic relationships with non-leguminous plants.

A

frankia

105
Q

What causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

106
Q

Causes urinary tract infections and is known for its urease production and motility

A

Proteus mirabilis

107
Q

Severe diarrhea often containing blood, mucus, and pus (shigellosis)

A

Shigella dysenteriae?

108
Q

What is the primary method of reproduction for Beijerinckia?

A

binary fission

MICROBIOLOGY 1 (6 decks)

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