MICROBIO 1 Flashcards
suggested that disease was caused by invisible living creatures.
Lucretius (about 98–55 B.C.)
and the physician Girolamo Fracastoro (1478–1553)
often has been defined as the study of organisms and
agents too small to be seen clearly by the unaided eye
Microbiology
Two bacteria that are visible without a microscope,
Thiomargarita and Epulopiscium
earliest microscopic observations appear to have been made between 1625 and 1630 on bees and weevils by the Italian ____________ using a microscope probably supplied by Galileo.
Francesco Stelluti
first person to observe and describe microorganisms accurately was the amateur microscopist
Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) of Delft, Holland
that living organisms could develop from nonliving matter.
spontaneous generation
thought some of the simpler invertebrates could arise by spontaneous generation.
Aristotle (384–322 B.C.)
Aristotle challenged by the Italian physician
____________, who carried out a series of experiments on decaying meat and its ability to produce maggots
spontaneously.
Francesco Redi (1626–1697)
what experiment did Redi make?
meat in three containers. One was
uncovered, a second was covered with paper, and the third was covered with a fine gauze that would exclude flies. Flies laid their eggs on the uncovered meat and maggots developed
1748 the English priest___________ (1713–1781) reported the results of his experiments on spontaneous generation.
John Needham
what did John Needham do?
Needham boiled mutton broth and then tightly stoppered the flasks
He thought organic matter contained a vital force that could confer the properties of life on nonliving matter.
John Needham
Italian priest and naturalist (1729–1799) improved on Needham’s experimental design by first sealing glass flasks that
contained water and seeds.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
He proposed that air carried germs to the
culture medium, but also commented that the external air might be required for growth of animals already in the medium.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
___________ (1810–1882) allowed air to enter a flask containing a sterile nutrient solution after the air had passed through a
red-hot tube.
Theodore Schwann
________allowed air to enter a flask of heat-sterilized medium after it had passed through sterile cotton wool. No growth occurred in the medium even though the air had
not been heated.
Georg Friedrich Schroder and Theodor von Dusch
French naturalist _________claimed in 1859 to have carried out experiments conclusively proving that microbial growth could occur without air contamination
Felix Pouchet
He first filtered air through cotton and found that objects resembling plant spores had been trapped.
Louis Pasteur
he pointed out that no growth occurred because dust and germs had been trapped on the walls of the curved necks
Louis Pasteur
The idea that an imbalance between the four humors, and black bile led to disease had been widely accepted since the time of the Greek physician________
Galen (129–199)
the 4 humors
blood, phlegm, yellow bile(choler), black bile(melancholy)
He first showed a
microorganism could cause disease when he demonstrated in 1835 that a silkworm disease was due to a fungal infection
Agostino Bassi
proved that the great
Potato Blightof Ireland was caused by a fungus
M. J. Berkeley
