Quiz 9 Flashcards by Amy Bruneau

Systematic method of problem solving employed in recreation therapy. The process contains four phases: assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation; sometimes referred to as the therapeutic recreation process

recreation therapy process

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Common name for Assessment Tools for Recreational Therapy by burlingame and Blaschko

Red Book

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Occurs when a client is directed to another helping professional

referral

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Regrowth, repair, or replacement of lost or injured cells, nerve fiber tissues, or organs

regeneration

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Returning to an earlier method of behaving; a relapse or exacerbation of symptoms

regression

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To restore or return the person to maximum functioning and optimal adjustment

rehabilitation

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(1916- ) Occupational therapist (OT) who promoted the importance of work and play; foremost OT futurist; guiding light of graduate study in occupational therapy

Reilly, Mary

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Presentation of a reward or removal of an aversive stimulus following a response. Reinforcement always increases the future probability of the reinforced response

reinforcement

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Means to help clients experiencing stress and tension to develop feelings of deep relaxation through a series of guided exercises involving muscle tensing and relaxing. Also termed progressive relaxation training

relaxation training

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Degree to which test results are consistent on different occasions; internal consistency of a test

reliability

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Technique used with elders that involves recalling past events and experiences

reminiscing

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Significant improvement or recovery from a disease or disorder which may or may not be permanent; partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of a chronic or malignant disease

remission

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Originated by Dorothy Haskins Smith, this technique involves a group interaction process for moderately confused elderly residents

remotivation

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Exclusion of an anxiety-producing event from the conscious awareness

repression

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Client in a residential setting (e.g., nursing home); physician completing postmedical school training beyond the internship

resident

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Urine that remains in the bladder after voiding

residual urine

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Techniques used to increase the social functioning of residents in geriatric settings which aim to increase the awareness of self and others by helping clients form relationships, establish friendships, and develop new interests

resocialization

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Patient classification system in which clients are grouped according to their anticipated use of healthcare resources. This grouping system is the basis for the Health Care Financing Administration’s prospective payment system (PPS) in skilled nursing facilities (SNF)

Resource Utilization Group (RUG)

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Network of organs that supply oxygen for metabolism and expel carbon dioxide

respiratory system

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Care in which someone comes into the home for a few hours to relieve the caregiver or when the client is sent to an agency (e.g., day care) or facility (e.g., nursing home) for a short period of time (e.g., weekend or week) to give the caregiver a rest

respite care

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Portion of the brainstem containing control centers for sleep, arousal, and attention

reticular system

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Infection of the upper respiratory tract. Rheumatic heart disease is a potential complication

rheumatic fever

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Process of identifying, analyzing and treating risks, thus avoiding risks that could lead to injury of clients, staff, or visitors; should improve client care and reduce malpractice claims

risk management

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Phenomenon studied by social psychologists that people in groups behave with greater risk than those not in a group

risky shift

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Reality orientation

(1913-1992) Occupational therapist who was Chief of Army Medical Specialist Corps; approved education program for COTA’s while AOTA president (1955-1958)

Robinson, Ruth

(1902-1987) Psychologist who helped found humanistic psychology and developed person-centered therapy

Rogers, Carl R.

Technique involving deep massage of the connective tissues which bind and connect muscles and bones

Rolfing

Range of motion

ROM

Projective psychological test sometimes referred to as the inkblot test

Rorschach test

Recreation therapy; respiratory therapy

Resource Utilization Group

RUG

Obsessive repeating of a thought or idea; used with infants to mean regurgitation and reswallowing of food

rumination

(1745-1813) Father of American psychiatry

Rush, Benjamin

Lowest part of the spine; the bones or vertebrae in this section of the spine end with the “tailbone” and join the pelvis (hip)

sacrum

Pleasure derived from inflicting physical or psychological pain or abuse on others

sadism

Flat, triangular bone in the back of the shoulder—often called the shoulder blade

scapula

Term used to designate a large group of severe mental disorders of a psychotic level characterized by disturbances of thinking, emotionality, and behavior. The thinking disturbance is marked by distortion of reality, often with accompanying delusions, hallucinations, and incoherent speech. The mood disturbance is marked by inappropriate affective responses. Behavior may be withdrawn, regressive, and bizarre

schizophrenia

Lateral curvature of the spine

scoliosis

Basic existential decisions about one’s life plan made at an early age regarding one’s self and others. Script positions relate to “I’m OK, You’re OK,” “I’m not OK, You’re not OK,” and so on. Term from transactional analysis

scripts

Disease or disorder that results from an earlier injury or medical problem

secondary disease (or disorder)

Conditioned reinforcer; one that is learned

secondary reinforcement

Seizures in which there is a loss of consciousness. If brief (lasting a few seconds), it is called an absence (once termed petit mal) which consists of staring or rolling back the eyes. To an observer, it may be seen as a brief lapse in activity. The other type is tonic/clonic (once called grand mal) in which the person loses consciousness, stiffens all over, has jerking movements of the arms and legs, and has a loss of urine.

seizures, generalized

Basic human drive toward growth, completeness, and fulfillment

self-actualization

How individuals see themselves and how they feel about themselves. Made up of both self-awareness and affective elements

self-concept

People’s belief that they can succeed at something they want to do

self-efficacy

Self-regard or the value placed on oneself. Equates roughly to terms such as “self-respect” and “personal worth”

self-esteem

Distorted belief or expectation that leads the individual to behave as he or she is expected to behave by others

self-fulfilling prophecy

Dementia found in old people, whose symptoms are often referred to as “senility.” Onset is insidious, progression is slow and gradual, and no specific therapy is known

senile dementia

Pertaining to sensation

sensory

Organization of sensations, from the seven sensory systems, for use. It is a primary function of the central nervous system

sensory integration

Programming to reactivate senses (e.g., taste, smell) that have not received adequate stimulation; often used in long-term care facilities

sensory stimulation

Group technique directed toward maintaining and improving the functioning of regressed patients through a program of stimulus bombardment

sensory training

Dogs trained to assist people with disabilities by performing tasks such as opening or closing doors, picking up items, or pulling a wheelchair

service dogs

Behavior modification technique involving the development of a new behavior by reinforcing a series of behaviors that are progressively similar to the desired new behavior

shaping

Supportive employment environment in which persons with disabilities produce a product or provide a service

sheltered workshop

Drug’s undesired action on the body

side effect

Parent, teacher, coach, recreation leader or other person whose relationship is regarded to be especially important. Significant others influence feelings and behavior

significant other

Nursing home, or unit in nursing home, that meets criteria for accreditation in order to receive Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement; skilled nursing facilities include the provision of rehabilitation, nursing, and medical services

skilled nursing facility (SNF)

(1904-1990) Noted behaviorist psychologist known for his work on operant conditioning or reinforcement theory

Skinner, B. F.

(1871-1942) Third president of the American Occupational Therapy Association (1919-1920); started first occupational therapy school (The Henry P. Faville School of Occupations) in Chicago; Founding Member of National Society for Promotion of Occupational Therapy (NSPOT)

Slagle, Eleanor Clarke

SOAP of each entry in a problem-oriented record: subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan

Method of charting, which designates the four parts

Social psychology theory centered on the effect of the presence of others on behavior, particularly performance and learning. Robert B. Zajonc has been responsible for much of the research on this theory

social facilitation theory

Means by which people acquire the behaviors, competencies, and attributes they need in order to fit adequately into the society to which they belong. A second meaning, often found in therapeutic recreation, is the process in which clients interact socially (i.e., socialize) with others, often with the intent of improving social skills.

socialization

Developed by Albert Bandura, it is a theoretical system of learning that combines operant and classical conditioning with cognitive mediational processes (e.g., vicarious learning) to account for the formation of behaviors

social learning theory

Behavioral term indicating attention (e.g., smile, affection, approval) from a significant other

social reinforcement

Interpersonal and interactive competencies employed in relating effectively with others

social skills

Perceived comfort, caring, esteem, or help an individual receives from other people

social support

Anal intercourse; legally, the term may include other sexual deviations such as sexual intercourse between a human and an animal (bestiality)

sodomy

Pertaining to the body

somatic

Division of the peripheral nervous system that transmits sensory and motor impulses

somatic nervous system

Treatment of psychiatric clients by physiological means

somatic therapy

(1910-1992) Occupational therapy (OT) educator who, with Helen Willard, wrote the first comprehensive OT textbook; pioneer in work hardening and work conditioning

Spackman, Clare

Abnormal, involuntary, sudden movement or convulsive muscular contraction

spasm

Tendency to spasm or violent involuntary contractions

spasticity

Athletic programs designed to meet the needs of persons with mental retardation. Begun in 1968 by the Kennedy Foundation, Special Olympics programs are now held throughout the world

Special Olympics

Groups of people who are not normally included in the mainstream of society; dated term

special populations

Programs directed toward the provision of recreation services for person who have special needs due to their disabilities

special recreation

Professionals who provide assessment, education, interventions, and services for individuals with communication disorders

speech therapists

Muscle fibers that constrict or block a passageway, such as the urethra or the rectum

sphincter

Congenital closure defect that generally occurs in the lower lumbar region of the spine. In mild forms there may be no obvious deformity, but in severe forms, parts of the spinal canal balloon out through the defect, although the defect remains covered with skin

spina bifida

Body’s initial response to injury to the spinal cord, which may last three to four weeks and cause immediate flaccid paralysis, in which the muscles are soft or weak

spinal shock

Tear in a muscle, ligament, or tendon

sprain

Norm or criterion that expresses the agreed upon level of practice that has been developed to measure excellence; the basic or minimum level of practice deemed acceptable

standard of practice

Test that has established norms

standardized test

Research result in which there is an association between variables that is greater than would occur by chance

statistically significant

Assumptions and beliefs about a group of people that have been assigned to every member of that group

stereotypes

Pull in a muscle, ligament, or tendon caused by excessive stretch

strain

Condition that results when one perceives a discrepancy between the demands of a situation and his or her resources

stress

General term used to indicate interventions to reduce stress, such as progressive relaxation training, meditation, and yoga

stress management

Events or circumstances an individual perceives as threatening or potentially harmful

stressors

Cerebrovascular accident; a condition involving a brain damage that results from a disruption of the blood supply to that region. Also a transactional analysis term meaning a unit of recognition one person receives from another. Equates roughly with the behavioristic concept of social reinforcement

stroke

Temperature; tension

Tablet

tab

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

T&A

Tuberculosis

Total body weight

TBW

Transient ischemic attach

TIA

Three times a day

t.i.d.

Tender loving care; Total lung capacity

TLC

Therapeutic recreation

Type

Unauthorized leave

Urogenital

Utilization Review

Urinary tract infection

UTI

Veterans Affairs

Veterans Affairs Medical Center

VAMC

Venereal disease

Volume

Vol.

Volunteer

Vol

Maximal oxygen uptake (volume)

VO MAX

Vessel wall