Quiz 7 Flashcards by Amy Bruneau

A fat

lipid

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Generalized belief people have about whether the causes of events in their lives are within or outside their control

locus of control

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Lysergic acid diethylamide. A potent hallu- cinogen commonly called acid

LSD

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Pertaining to the lower back; part of the body between the thorax and pelvis

lumbar

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Five vertebrae of the spine in the region of the lower back, the strongest part of the spine

lumbar spine

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Conviction that thinking equates with do- ing. Occurs in dreams with children, in primitive peoples, and in clients under a variety of conditions. Characterized by a lack of realistic relationship between cause and effect

magical thinking

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Special technique for neurologic diagnosis; form of imaging that provides images of thin slices of the brain in any plane using nonionizing energy

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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Helping people with disabilities to be integrated into typical settings so that they can function at their optimal level of independence

mainstreaming

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Activity that is dysfunctional or counter-productive in coping effectively with stress

maladaptive behavior

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Very dangerous; likely to cause death (e.g., cancer is a malignant tumor)

malignant

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Simulation or exaggeration of an illness to avoid an unpleasant situation or duty or to obtain some type of personal gain

malingering

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General term for any system of healthcare delivery organized to enhance cost-effectiveness. Managed care networks are providers that agree to provide services to those covered under a plan, usually organized by insurance carriers but may also be organized by hospitals or employers

managed care

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Abnormally euphoric emotional state characterized by extreme excitement, excessive elation, hyperactivity, agitation, and accelerated thinking and speaking

mania

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Uninterrupted meetings of twenty hours or more with a goal of breaking down defenses

marathon group

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(1908-1970) Leading exponent of humanistic psychology closely associated with the concept of self-actualization and one’s needs hierarchy

Maslow, Abraham

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Demonstrated ability to perform a given task

mastery

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Achievement of sexual gratification by manual stimulation

masturbation

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Near the midline of the body

medial

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Joint federal and state health insurance program for a population of low-income persons, families with dependent children, and clients who are aged, blind, or disabled

Medicaid

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Approval from a medical doctor for a patient or client to take part in an activity

medical clearance

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Federal program to provide hospital and medical care for persons 65 years of age and older

Medicare

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Technique that involves sitting comfortably in a quiet place for a few minutes one or two times each day while passively dwelling on a single word or sound (mantra)

meditation

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Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, a computerized literature retrieval system

MEDLARS

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Part of the brainstem that contains control centers for such vital functions as breathing and heartbeat rate

medulla

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Inflammation of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord

meningitis

Menstruation; very profuse menstruation

menorrhea

Menstruation, the normal flow of blood from the female genital tract

menses

Significantly subnormal general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, evident at birth or manifested during childhood. Degrees of mental retardation are commonly mea- sured in terms of IQ: mild (50-55 to 70); moderate (35-40 to 50-55); severe (20-25 to 35-40); profound (below 20-25)

mental retardation

Portion of the brainstem that plays an important part in vision, hearing, and muscle movement

midbrain

Psychiatric treatment approach that emphasizes socioenvironmental manipulations or the effect of the total environment on the client. It has usually been employed in psychiatric hospitals

milieu therapy

Mild neurological abnormality that may lead to learning difficulties

minimal brain damage

Basic assessment tracking form for nursing home resident assessment and care screening

Minimum Data Set (MDS)

Psychological instrument often administered to psychiatric patients; it provides a profile reflecting nine dimensions of personality

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Ability to move from one location to another

mobility

Activity used as an intervention for treatment or rehabilitation purposes

modality

Learning by watching the behavior of other persons; demonstration of a task, skill, or desirable behavior in order to teach another person

modeling

Philosophy and technique of treating mental patients that prevailed in the first half of the 19th Century and emphasized removal of restraints, humane and kindly care, attention to religion, and performance of purposeful activities; known as a forerunner of recreation therapy

moral therapy

Condition of illness, injury, or disability

morbidity

Death, usually with reference to large populations

mortality

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRI

Psychotherapy approach developed by Arnold A. Lazarus that uses a diverse range of treatment methods drawn from various sources

multimodal therapy

Rare and dramatic dissociative reaction in which a person has two or more distinctive personalities such as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde or The Three Faces of Eve

multiple personality

Chronic, slowly progressive disease of the central nervous system that usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 35. It is unpredictable, often punctuated by remissions and exacerbations. Weakness of the extremities is the most common symptom of the disease; other symptoms include partial or complete paralysis of the body, a pricking sensation in parts of the body, numbness, defective vision, noticeable dragging of the feet, loss of control of bowels and bladder, poor balance, speech difficulties, weakness and fatigue, loss of coordination, and tremors of the hands

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Chronic, inherited disease of the muscles characterized by gradual weakening and degeneration of the voluntary muscles

muscular dystrophy

Professional discipline that uses music listening, participation and interpretation as a treatment modality

music therapy (MT)

Inflammation of the spinal cord

myelitis

Damage to the heart muscle (myocardium) that results from severe or prolonged blockage of blood supply to the tissue. Commonly termed a heart attack

myocardial infarction

Abnormal condition of skeletal muscle characterized by muscle weakness and wasting

myopathy

Nearsightedness

myopia

Self-love; preoccupation with self

narcissism

Drugs that relieve pain, act as sedatives, and may produce euphoria. These substances are also called opiates and usually lead to addiction with continued use

narcotics

National organization for family members of persons with mental illness

National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI)

Begun in 1952, NART championed the use of recreation as a tool of treatment. In 1965, NART merged with other organizations to form the National Therapeutic Recreation Society

National Association of Recreation Therapists (NART)

Authority that administers entry-level certification programs for occupational therapists

National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT)

National body that tests and certifies therapeutic recreation specialists in the United States

National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC)

U.S. Public Health Service agency that includes a number of divisions such as the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

National professional society for therapeutic recreation specialists; a branch of the National Recreation and Park Association

National Therapeutic Recreation Society (NTRS)

Transactional analysis ego state which is impulsive, spontaneous and creative. Contrasts with the Adapted Child

Natural Child

National Council on Therapeutic Recreation Certification

NCTRC

Any behavior which increases the probability of a response by terminating or withdrawing an unpleasant stimulus

negative reinforcement

Nonspecific euphemism for a mental disorder

nervous breakdown

Dysfunctional bladder due to an injury of the nervous system

neurogenic bladder

Diagnostic study and treatment of organic diseases of the nervous system

neurology

In common usage, emotional disturbances of all kinds other than psychosis; it implies anxiety and maladaptive ways of dealing with it; dated term

neurosis

Irrational fear of the night

noctiphobia

Occurring at night

nocturnal

Messages passing between the sender and receiver that do not use the spoken word

nonverbal communication

Refers to the provision of relatively normal experiences so that individuals with disabilities can maintain or develop traits and behaviors that are as culturally normative as possible; direct involvement of individuals with disabilities with nondisabled peers by including activities of everyday life that are consistent with the norms and patterns of mainstream society

normalization

Transactional analysis ego state that is warm, supportive and caring. In contrast with the Critical Parent

Nurturing Parent

Excessively overweight; 20% above ideal weight

obese

Behavior learned by an individual by imitating the behavior of a model

observational learning

Persistent, fixed idea or impulse that cannot be eliminated by logic or reason

obsession

Purposeful mental and physical activities prescribed by medical doctors to enhance individuals’ abilities to perform daily occupational roles. Clients include those with physical injuries or illnesses, developmental disorders, problems caused by aging, or social or emotional problems

occupational therapy (OT)

American Occupational Therapy Association guidelines for occupational therapy assessment

Occupational Therapy Uniform Evaluation Checklist

Meaningful and purposeful activities in which people engage during their everyday lives such as work, leisure, social interactions, and self-care

occupations

Pertaining to the eye

ocular

Freud’s notion of an erotic attraction of the male child for his mother; extended to relate to sexual impulses toward the opposite-sex parent and aggressive or envious feelings toward the same-sex parent

Oedipus complex

Involving smell or odors

olfactory

(1929- ) Past president of NTRS, major therapeutic recreation textbook author, noted educator, and early advocate for leisure counseling

O’Morrow, Gerald S.

Type of learning in which responses are modified by their consequences. Reinforcement increases the likelihood of future occurrences of the reinforced response. Sometimes termed instrumental conditioning or reinforcement theory

operant conditioning

Disease characterized by demonstrable structural or biochemical abnormality in an organ or tissue

organic disease

Abnormality associated with transient or permanent dysfunction of the brain of unknown or unspecified etiology, characterized by disorientation and signs of psychosis such as hallucinations, delusions, impaired judgment, and poor impulse control

organic mental syndrome (OMS)

To acquaint someone with new surroundings

orient

Awareness of oneself in terms of time, place, and person

orientation

Correction or prevention of disorders involving muscles, bones, or tissues

orthopedics

Device (e.g., special braces) applied to the outside of the body to support, aid, and align the body and the limbs or to assist motion by controlling, correcting, or compensating for bone deformity

orthosis

Any disease of the bones and joints

osteoarthropathy

Disorder characterized by abnormal loss of bone density

osteoporosis

Occupational therapy

Criteria that describe, usually in client behaviors, the end result of treatment and care provided

outcome criteria

General objectives that describe client behavioral outcomes of treatment or rehabilitation; contrast with process goals that describe what staff will do to help the client achieve outcome goals

outcome goals

Instrument designed to gather information on the efficacy of a program; a means to determine if outcome goals and objectives have been reached

outcome measure

Specific objectives are written at a level to designate explicit client behaviors and may stipulate conditions and/or criteria. General objectives (sometimes termed outcome goals) are written at the level of specificity needed to direct action but are not overly restricting. A general objective provides direction toward a general type or class of behavior and should be definable by stating specific objectives relevant to it

outcome objectives

Patient receiving medical care who does not require hospitalization

outpatient

Adventure/challenge program begun in England in the 1940s for youth to develop inner resources through physical and mental challenges

Outward Bound

National Association of Activity Professionals

NAAP

National Alliance for the Mentally Ill

NAMI

National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy

NBCOT

Nothing by mouth; No bowel movement

NBM

National Center on Accessibility

NCA

National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification

NCTRC

National Institutes of Health

NIH

National Institute of Mental Health

NIMH

Normal limits

n/l

Number

no.

Night

noc.

Not otherwise specified

NOS

National Therapeutic Recreation Society

NTRS

Nose & throat

N&T

Overdose; right eye

Outpatient

Outpatient Department

OPD

Operating Room

O.R.

Left eye

Occupational Therapy

Occupational Therapy Assistant

OTA.

Out the door = discharge

OTD

Occupational Therapist, Registered

OTR

Both eyes

Ounce

oz.

After

After meals

p.c.

Physical exam; physical education

P.E.

Pediatrics

peds

Doctor of Philosophy

Ph.D.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

PID

Post medical history

PMH

Premenstrual syndrome

PMS

Peripheral nervous system

PNS

As required

p.r.s.

Doctor of Psychology

Psy.D.

Physical Therapy; physical therapist

P.T.

Patient

pt.