Quiz 7 Flashcards
A fat
lipid
Generalized belief people have about whether the causes of events in their lives are within or outside their control
locus of control
Lysergic acid diethylamide. A potent hallu- cinogen commonly called acid
LSD
Pertaining to the lower back; part of the body between the thorax and pelvis
lumbar
Five vertebrae of the spine in the region of the lower back, the strongest part of the spine
lumbar spine
Conviction that thinking equates with do- ing. Occurs in dreams with children, in primitive peoples, and in clients under a variety of conditions. Characterized by a lack of realistic relationship between cause and effect
magical thinking
Special technique for neurologic diagnosis; form of imaging that provides images of thin slices of the brain in any plane using nonionizing energy
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Helping people with disabilities to be integrated into typical settings so that they can function at their optimal level of independence
mainstreaming
Activity that is dysfunctional or counter-productive in coping effectively with stress
maladaptive behavior
Very dangerous; likely to cause death (e.g., cancer is a malignant tumor)
malignant
Simulation or exaggeration of an illness to avoid an unpleasant situation or duty or to obtain some type of personal gain
malingering
General term for any system of healthcare delivery organized to enhance cost-effectiveness. Managed care networks are providers that agree to provide services to those covered under a plan, usually organized by insurance carriers but may also be organized by hospitals or employers
managed care
Abnormally euphoric emotional state characterized by extreme excitement, excessive elation, hyperactivity, agitation, and accelerated thinking and speaking
mania
Uninterrupted meetings of twenty hours or more with a goal of breaking down defenses
marathon group
(1908-1970) Leading exponent of humanistic psychology closely associated with the concept of self-actualization and one’s needs hierarchy
Maslow, Abraham
Demonstrated ability to perform a given task
mastery
Achievement of sexual gratification by manual stimulation
masturbation
Near the midline of the body
medial
Joint federal and state health insurance program for a population of low-income persons, families with dependent children, and clients who are aged, blind, or disabled
Medicaid
Approval from a medical doctor for a patient or client to take part in an activity
medical clearance
Federal program to provide hospital and medical care for persons 65 years of age and older
Medicare
Technique that involves sitting comfortably in a quiet place for a few minutes one or two times each day while passively dwelling on a single word or sound (mantra)
meditation
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, a computerized literature retrieval system
MEDLARS
Part of the brainstem that contains control centers for such vital functions as breathing and heartbeat rate
medulla
Inflammation of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord
meningitis
Menstruation; very profuse menstruation
menorrhea
Menstruation, the normal flow of blood from the female genital tract
menses
Significantly subnormal general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, evident at birth or manifested during childhood. Degrees
of mental retardation are commonly mea- sured in terms of IQ: mild (50-55 to 70); moderate (35-40 to 50-55); severe (20-25 to 35-40); profound (below 20-25)
mental retardation
Portion of the brainstem that plays an important part in vision, hearing, and muscle movement
midbrain
Psychiatric treatment approach that emphasizes socioenvironmental manipulations or the effect of the total environment on the client. It has usually been employed in psychiatric hospitals
milieu therapy
Mild neurological abnormality that may lead to learning difficulties
minimal brain damage
Basic assessment tracking form for nursing home resident assessment and care screening
Minimum Data Set (MDS)
Psychological instrument often administered to psychiatric patients; it provides a profile reflecting nine dimensions of personality
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Ability to move from one location to another
mobility
Activity used as an intervention for treatment or rehabilitation purposes
modality
Learning by watching the behavior of other persons; demonstration of a task, skill, or desirable behavior in order to teach another person
modeling
Philosophy and technique of treating mental patients that prevailed in the first half of the 19th Century and emphasized removal of restraints, humane and kindly care, attention to religion, and performance of purposeful activities; known as a forerunner of recreation therapy
moral therapy
Condition of illness, injury, or disability
morbidity
Death, usually with reference to large populations
mortality
Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
Psychotherapy approach developed by Arnold A. Lazarus that uses a diverse range of treatment methods drawn from various sources
multimodal therapy
Rare and dramatic dissociative reaction in which a person has two or more distinctive personalities such as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde or The Three Faces of Eve
multiple personality
Chronic, slowly progressive disease of the central nervous system that usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 35. It is unpredictable, often punctuated by remissions and exacerbations. Weakness of the extremities is the most common symptom of the disease; other symptoms include partial or complete paralysis of the body, a pricking sensation in parts of the body, numbness, defective vision, noticeable dragging of the feet, loss of control of bowels and bladder, poor balance, speech difficulties, weakness and fatigue, loss of coordination, and tremors of the hands
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Chronic, inherited disease of the muscles characterized by gradual weakening and degeneration of the voluntary muscles
muscular dystrophy
Professional discipline that uses music listening, participation and interpretation as a treatment modality
music therapy (MT)
Inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
Damage to the heart muscle (myocardium) that results from severe or prolonged blockage of blood supply to the tissue. Commonly termed a heart attack
myocardial infarction
Abnormal condition of skeletal muscle characterized by muscle weakness and wasting
myopathy
Nearsightedness
myopia
Self-love; preoccupation with self
narcissism
Drugs that relieve pain, act as sedatives, and may produce euphoria. These substances are also called opiates and usually lead to addiction with continued use
narcotics
National organization for family members of persons with mental illness
National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI)
Begun in 1952, NART championed the use of recreation as a tool of treatment. In 1965, NART merged with other organizations to form the National Therapeutic Recreation Society
National Association of Recreation Therapists (NART)
Authority that administers entry-level certification programs for occupational therapists
National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT)
National body that tests and certifies therapeutic recreation specialists in the United States
National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC)
U.S. Public Health Service agency that includes a number of divisions such as the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National professional society for therapeutic recreation specialists; a branch of the National Recreation and Park Association
National Therapeutic Recreation Society (NTRS)
Transactional analysis ego state which is impulsive, spontaneous and creative. Contrasts with the Adapted Child
Natural Child
National Council on Therapeutic Recreation Certification
NCTRC
Any behavior which increases the probability of a response by terminating or withdrawing an unpleasant stimulus
negative reinforcement
Nonspecific euphemism for a mental disorder
nervous breakdown
Dysfunctional bladder due to an injury of the nervous system
neurogenic bladder
Diagnostic study and treatment of organic diseases of the nervous system
neurology
In common usage, emotional disturbances of all kinds other than psychosis; it implies anxiety and maladaptive ways of dealing with it; dated term
neurosis
Irrational fear of the night
noctiphobia
Occurring at night
nocturnal
Messages passing between the sender and receiver that do not use the spoken word
nonverbal communication
Refers to the provision of relatively normal experiences so that individuals with disabilities can maintain or develop traits and behaviors that are as culturally normative as possible; direct involvement of individuals with disabilities with nondisabled peers by including activities of everyday life that are consistent with the norms and patterns of mainstream society
normalization
Transactional analysis ego state that is warm, supportive and caring. In contrast with the Critical Parent
Nurturing Parent
Excessively overweight; 20% above ideal weight
obese
Behavior learned by an individual by imitating the behavior of a model
observational learning
Persistent, fixed idea or impulse that cannot be eliminated by logic or reason
obsession
Purposeful mental and physical activities prescribed by medical doctors to enhance individuals’ abilities to perform daily occupational roles. Clients include those with physical injuries or illnesses, developmental disorders, problems caused by aging, or social or emotional problems
occupational therapy (OT)
American Occupational Therapy Association guidelines for occupational therapy assessment
Occupational Therapy Uniform Evaluation Checklist
Meaningful and purposeful activities in which people engage during their everyday lives such as work, leisure, social interactions, and self-care
occupations
Pertaining to the eye
ocular
Freud’s notion of an erotic attraction of
the male child for his mother; extended to relate to sexual impulses toward the opposite-sex parent and aggressive or envious feelings toward the same-sex parent
Oedipus complex
Involving smell or odors
olfactory
(1929- ) Past president of NTRS, major therapeutic recreation textbook author, noted educator, and early advocate for leisure counseling
O’Morrow, Gerald S.
Type of learning in which responses are modified by their consequences. Reinforcement increases the likelihood of future occurrences of the reinforced response. Sometimes termed instrumental conditioning or reinforcement theory
operant conditioning
Disease characterized by demonstrable structural or biochemical abnormality in an organ or tissue
organic disease
Abnormality associated with transient
or permanent dysfunction of the brain of unknown or unspecified etiology, characterized by disorientation and signs of psychosis such as hallucinations, delusions, impaired judgment, and poor impulse control
organic mental syndrome (OMS)
To acquaint someone with new surroundings
orient
Awareness of oneself in terms of time, place, and person
orientation
Correction or prevention of disorders involving muscles, bones, or tissues
orthopedics
Device (e.g., special braces) applied to the outside of the body to support, aid, and align the body and the limbs or to assist motion by controlling, correcting, or compensating for bone deformity
orthosis
Any disease of the bones and joints
osteoarthropathy
Disorder characterized by abnormal loss of bone density
osteoporosis
Occupational therapy
OT
Criteria that describe, usually in client behaviors, the end result of treatment and care provided
outcome criteria
General objectives that describe client behavioral outcomes of treatment or rehabilitation; contrast with process goals that describe what staff will do to help the client achieve outcome goals
outcome goals
Instrument designed to gather information on the efficacy of a program; a means to determine if outcome goals and objectives have been reached
outcome measure
Specific objectives are written at a level to designate explicit client behaviors and may stipulate conditions and/or criteria. General objectives (sometimes termed outcome goals) are written at the level of specificity needed to direct action but are not overly restricting. A general objective provides direction toward a general type or class of behavior and should be definable by stating specific objectives relevant to it
outcome objectives
Patient receiving medical care who does not require hospitalization
outpatient
Adventure/challenge program begun in England in the 1940s for youth to develop inner resources through physical and mental challenges
Outward Bound
National Association of Activity Professionals
NAAP
National Alliance for the Mentally Ill
NAMI
National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy
NBCOT
Nothing by mouth; No bowel movement
NBM
National Center on Accessibility
NCA
National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification
NCTRC
National Institutes of Health
NIH
National Institute of Mental Health
NIMH
Normal limits
n/l
Number
no.
Night
noc.
Not otherwise specified
NOS
National Therapeutic Recreation Society
NTRS
Nose & throat
N&T
Overdose; right eye
OD
Outpatient
OP
Outpatient Department
OPD
Operating Room
O.R.
Left eye
OS
Occupational Therapy
OT
Occupational Therapy Assistant
OTA.
Out the door = discharge
OTD
Occupational Therapist, Registered
OTR
Both eyes
OU
Ounce
oz.
After
p
After meals
p.c.
Physical exam; physical education
P.E.
Pediatrics
peds
Doctor of Philosophy
Ph.D.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
PID
Post medical history
PMH
Premenstrual syndrome
PMS
Peripheral nervous system
PNS
As required
p.r.s.
Doctor of Psychology
Psy.D.
Physical Therapy; physical therapist
P.T.
Patient
pt.
