Quiz 9 Flashcards
Although social groups vary tremendously (e.g., families, sororities, sports teams, religious congregations), they are all alike in that
a. they convey competitive advantage.
b. members share the same space at the same time.
c. they tend to be heterogeneous.
d. actions are guided by norms.
d. actions are guided by norms.
Baron (1986) has found that flashing lights can cause the same social facilitation effects as the presence of other people. These findings support the idea that ________ is the source of arousal that enhances performance on simple tasks.
distraction
Both social facilitation and social loafing are examples of the influence that the presence of others has on our behaviors. These phenomena differ, however, in that presence of others ________ in social facilitation situations and ________ in social loafing situations.
increases arousal; decreases arousal
According to a social comparison interpretation, group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more ________ light by taking slightly more ________ positions than the norm of the group.
positive; extreme
According to Irving Janis (1972, 1982), groupthink occurs when groups value ________ over ________.
a. strong leadership; weak leadership
b. as many alternatives as possible; a common goal
c. safety; accuracy
d. cohesiveness and solidarity; a realistic consideration of the facts
d. cohesiveness and solidarity; a realistic consideration of the facts
Zajonc (1965) wrote an influential article in which he posited a theoretical explanation for the social facilitation effect. Elegantly simple, this explanation included two steps:
the presence of others causes arousal, and arousal makes it easier to do simple things and harder to do difficult or new things.
The text described a recent situation in which novelist Stephen King began publishing a novel called The Plant in installments over the Internet, asking readers to pay $1 per installment. He indicated that if at least 75 percent of the people who downloaded the novel paid the fee, he would keep writing and posting new installments, but if fewer than 75 percent paid the fee, he would stop writing and people would never get the rest of the novel. King posed a ________ dilemma for his readers.
social
Based on work on deindividuation, in which context is Janine most likely to make offensive comments towards Harry, with whom she is angry?
a. when she is writing a signed email to Harry
b. when she is in front of her supervisor and face to face with Harry
c. when she is on an Internet chatroom anonymously
d. when she is being interviewed on camera by her therapist
c. when she is on an Internet chatroom anonymously
Consider the following destructive acts: soccer fans bludgeoning one another, fans at rock concerts trampling one another to death to secure good seats, and Klansmen lynching African Americans. All of these are examples of the dangerous effects of
deindividuation
For Halloween, Jeff wears a sheet and goes to a party as a ghost. How is this costume likely to influence his behavior? He will
a. feel less personally accountable for his behavior.
b. feel less like himself, causing him to reaffirm his own moral standards.
c. focus more attention on himself, causing greater self-awareness.
d. be more likely to monitor his own behavior.
a. feel less personally accountable for his behavior.
