Quiz 8 Endocrine Drugs 1/2

Question 1

Drug effects Insulin

Answer 1

• Metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
• Store glucose in the liver
• Convert glycogen to fat stores

Question 2

Rapid Acting Insulin timeline

Answer 2

Onset of action: 5 to 15 minutes
Peak: 1 to 2 hours
Duration: 3 to 5 hours

Question 3

Rapid Acting Insulin example(s)

Answer 3

Humalog
Novolog
Apidra

Question 4

Short Acting Insulin timeline

Answer 4

Onset (SQ route): 30 to 60 minutes
Peak (SQ route): 2.5 hours
Duration (SQ route): 6 to 10 hours

Question 5

Short Acting Insulin example(s)

Answer 5

Humilin R (regular insulin)

Question 6

Intermediate Acting Insulin timeline

Answer 6

Onset-1-2 hours
Peak- 4-8 hours
Duration- 10-18 hours

Question 7

Intermediate Acting Insulin example(s)

Answer 7

NPH (cloudy appearance)

Question 8

Long Acting Insulin timeline

Answer 8

Onset: 1 to 2 hours
Peak: none
Duration: 24 hours
*Usually dosed once daily

Question 9

Long Acting Insulin example(s)

Answer 9

Lantus

Detemir

Question 10

First-line oral antidiabetic drug example

Answer 10

Metformin

Question 11

Biguanides adverse effects

Answer 11

Abdominal bloating, nausea, cramping, a feeling of fullness, and diarrhea, metallic taste, hypoglycemia, reduction in vitamin B12 levels, lactic acidosis (rare)

Question 12

Biguanides do not cause ________, like most other antidiabetic drugs

Answer 12

Hypoglycemia

Question 13

Oral antidiabetic Sulfonylureas examples

Answer 13

glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide (DiaBeta)

Question 14

Oral antidiabetic Sulfonylureas Adverse Effects

Answer 14

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, skin rash, nausea, epigastric fullness, and heartburn

Question 15

Oral antidiabetic Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) example(s)

Answer 15

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Question 16

Oral antidiabetic drugs indications

Answer 16

DM II

Question 17

Oral antidiabetic Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors examples

Answer 17

Acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset)

Question 18

Biguanides MOA/Effects

Answer 18

• Decrease production of glucose by the liver
• Decrease intestinal absorption of glucose
• Increase uptake of glucose by tissues
• Do not increase insulin secretion from the pancreas (does not cause hypoglycemia)

Question 19

Sulfonylureas MOA/Effects

Answer 19

• Stimulate insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas, thus increasing insulin levels
• Beta cell function must be present
• Improve sensitivity to insulin in tissues
• Result in lower blood glucose levels

Question 20

Glinides MOA/Effects

Answer 20

• Action similar to sulfonylureas

- Increase insulin secretion from the pancreas

Question 21

Thiazolidinediones MOA/Effect

Answer 21

• Decrease insulin resistance
• “Insulin sensitizing drugs”
• Increase glucose uptake and use in skeletal muscle
• Inhibit glucose and triglyceride production in the liver

Question 22

Alpha-glucosidase MOA/Effect

Answer 22

• Reversibly inhibit the enzyme alpha-glucosidase in -the small intestine
• Result in delayed absorption of glucose
• Must be taken with meals to prevent excessive postprandial blood glucose elevations (with the “first bite” of a meal)

Question 23

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are given when?

Answer 23

With the first bite of each main meal

Question 24

Sulfonylureas adverse effects

Answer 24

Hypoglycemia, hematologic effects, nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn

Question 25

Glinides adverse effects

Answer 25

Headache, hypoglycemic effects, dizziness, weight gain, joint pain, upper respiratory infection or flulike symptoms

Question 26

Thiazolidinediones adverse effects

Answer 26

Moderate weight gain, edema, mild anemia,

Hepatic toxicity—monitor alanine aminotransferase levels

Question 27

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor adverse effects

Answer 27

Flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain,

Do not cause hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, or weight gain

Question 28

Order of drawing up insulin into a syringe

Answer 28

Clear (rapid) then cloudy

Question 29

Nursing implications Insulin

Answer 29

• Check blood glucose level before giving insulin.
• Roll vials between hands instead of shaking them to mix suspensions.
• Ensure correct storage of insulin vials.
• Only use insulin syringes, calibrated in units, to measure and give insulin.
• Ensure correct timing of insulin dose with meals.