Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

ACEI MOA

A

Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone) through inhibition of ACE. Also prevents breakdown of bradykinins which leads to vasodilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ACEI Drug Effects

A

Vasodilation (↓ afterload); excretion of sodium and water (↓ preload), and renal protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples of ACEI

A

Those medications ending in “pril”: captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinivil),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACEI Indications

A

Hypertension (especially those with renal disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACEI Contraindications

A

Previous reaction of angioedema (swelling of lips and mouth)–>potential airway blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ACEI Adverse Effects

A

ACE= Angioedema, cough, extra potassium (hyperkalemia)

+First dose syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ARBs MOA

A

Block binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin II receptors which prevents vasoconstriction and aldosterone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ARBs Drug Effects

A

Vasodilation of arterioles (↓ afterload), excretion of sodium and water (↓ preload)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of ARBs

A

Those medications ending in “sartan”: losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), olmesartan (Benicar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ARBs Indications

A

Antihypertensive for those who can not tolerate ACEI due to cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ARBs Adverse Effects

A 
Similar to ACE I except for cough 
	(does not interfere with bradykinin)
Hypotension
Angioedema 
Hyperkalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CCB MOA

A

Prevents influx of calcium ion across cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CCB Drug Effects

A

Dilation of peripheral and coronary arteries and arterioles (↓ afterload)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of CCBs

A

Those medications ending in “pine”: amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem), Nicardipine (Cardene), Nifedipine (Procardia), Verapamil (Calan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CCB Indications

A

HTN, angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CCB Adverse Effects

A 
Don't: Dizziness (4%)
Have: Hypotension (4%)
Common: Constipation (9%)
Pizza: Peripheral edema (2%)
Sticks: Suppression of cardiac function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CCB Nursing Implications

A

Monitor blood pressure and heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CCB Patient Education

A

Change positions slowly
Avoid hazardous activities while dizzy
Increase fluid and fiber intake to prevent constipation unless otherwise instructed by provider.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Consequences of untreated HTN

A 
Save: Stroke
Ham: Heart failure
Eggs: End stage renal failure
Cantaloupe: Coronary artery disease
Properly: Peripheral vascular disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pre-hypertension Ranges

A

120-139/80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypertension Stage I

A

140-159/90-99

22
Q

Hypertension Stage II

A

> 160/>100

23
Q

Blood Pressure Definition

A

Blood pressure is the product of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance
BP = CO x PVR

24
Q

S&S of hypokalemia

A

Weakness, fatigue, constipation, and muscle cramping, dysrhythmias

25
Q

End organ damage

A

Refers to damage occurring in major organs fed by the circulatory system (heart, kidneys, brain, eyes) which can sustain damage due to uncontrolled hypertension, hypotension, or hypovolemia.

26
Q

Thiazide Diuretics MOA

A

Increases urine output by blocking the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in the early distal tubule which prevents reabsorption of water

27
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Drug Effects

A

Reduction of blood volume (preload) and reduction of arterial resistance (afterload)

28
Q

Examples of Thiazide Diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril, HCTZ), chlorothiazide (Diuril)

29
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Indications

A

First-line antihypertensive

30
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Contraindications

A

Renal failure, renal insufficiency

31
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Adverse Effects

A 
Dehydration
Hypokalemia
Hypergylcemia
Hyperuricemia
*(D Triple H!)
32
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Nursing Implications

A

Monitor fluid volume status
Monitor blood pressure
Monitor electrolytes (especially K+)

33
Q

Thiazide Diuretics Patient Education

A

Monitor weight and blood pressure
Change positions slowly
Eat potassium rich foods and report S/S of hypokalemia
Diabetic patients monitor for ↑ in glucose
Take early in the day to avoid nocturia

34
Q

Beta Blockers MOA

A

Prevent sympathetic stimulation of beta receptors in the heart which decreases heart rate (negative chronotropic), myocardial contractility (negative inotropic), and rate of conduction through AV node (negative dromotropic)

35
Q

Beta Blockers Drug Effects

A

Decreased cardiac output

36
Q

Types of Beta Blockers

A

Cardioselective (Beta1)
ie.) metoprolol (Lopressor)

Nonselective (Beta1 & Beta2)
ie.) propranolol (Inderal)

37
Q

Beta Blockers Indications

A

HTN

38
Q

Beta Blockers Contraindications

A

Bradycardia, AV block, asthma

39
Q

Beta Blockers Adverse Effects

A

Dizziness (10%)
Bradycardia (3%), AV block
Mask signs/symptoms of hypogylcemia in diabetics
Bronchoconstriction (3%)
Rebound myocardium excitation (black box warning)

*Busy bees: bradycardia, blood sugar, bronchoconstriction, black box

40
Q

Beta Blockers Patient Education

A
  • Change positions slowly, avoid time in hot tubs or saunas which result in vasodilation
  • Monitor glucose closely if diabetic
  • Do not stop abruptly (black box warning)
41
Q

Alpha1/Beta Blockers MOA

A

Alpha 1 blockade promotes dilation of arterioles (↓ afterload) and veins (↓ preload). Beta1 blockade reduces heart rate and contractility (decreased CO). In addition, blockade of beta1 receptors on juxtaglomerular cells suppresses release of renin

42
Q

Examples of Alpha1/Beta Blockers

A

carvedilol (Coreg)

labetalol (Trandate)

43
Q

Vasodilators MOA

A

Direct vasodilation of arteries and veins resulting in rapid reduction of blood pressure (↓preload and ↓ afterload)

44
Q

Vasodilators Indications

A

Hypertensive crisis

45
Q

Vasodilators Adverse Effects

A

Excessive hypotension (keep patient in supine position), monitor EKG, avoid prolonged use due to cyanide poisoning (black box)

46
Q

Examples of Vasodilators

A

Nitroprusside (Nitropress) I.V. only

47
Q

Vasodilators Nursing Implications/Patient Education

A

Impotence in males may occur, postural hypotension may occur (orthostatic hypotension)

48
Q

Lifestyle modifications to lower BP

A
  • Weight reduction
  • DASH eating plan
  • Dietary sodium restriction
  • Aerobic activity
  • Moderation of alcohol consumption
49
Q

HTN Medications used to treat CKD

A

ACEI, ARBs

50
Q

First Dose Syncope Definition and Precautions

A

Sudden drop in BP when changing positions (lying to standing).
Advise patient to change positions slowly

51
Q

Angioedema Definition and Treatment

A

Swelling of tongue and oropharynx
Severe cases may cause airway obstruction: Histamine blockers, steroids, and, in those with severe symptoms, epinephrine (HOW YOU’D Tx ALLERGIC REACTION)

Pharmacology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions