Quiz 8 Flashcards
the anterior osteofascial compartment is found between what 2 borders of the tibia?
anterior and interosseous/lateral borders
what are the dermatomes of the anterior compartment?
L4 and L5
what nerves supply the L5 dermatome of the leg?
lateral sural cutaneous n. and superficial fibular n.
what nerve supplies the L4 dermatome of the leg?
saphenous n.
what are the contents of the anterior compartment?
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius ant. tibial artery and vein Deep fibular nerve
what are the general characteristics of the anterior compartment muscles? (there are 4)
1) they all dorsiflex the ankle 2) they are all innervated by the deep fibular n. 3) they all have site of origin on the interosseous membrane 4) they all receive their main blood supply from anterior tibial artery
when are the anterior compartment muscles especially active during the gait cycle?
heel strike/initial contact and swing phase
which anterior compartment muscle also inverts the foot?
tibialis anterior
where does tibialis anterior insert?
medial-plantar surface of both the medial cuneiform and MT 1 base
which anterior compartment muscle has origin on the lateral condyle of the tibia but not on the tibial shaft?
extensor digitorum longus
where does extensor digitorum longus insert?
middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
which anterior compartment muscle is the most lateral?
extensor digitorum longus
What Nerve contributes to the L3 and L4 Dermatome?
Saphenous Nerve
When walking, what muscle compartment stabilizes the foot from slapping the ground?
The Anterior Compartment
What Muscles attach to the medial cuniform ?
Tibialas Anterior and Fibularis Longus
what are the 2 parts of the extensor expansion?
extensor sling and extensor wing/hood
which muscle from the anterior compartment is deepest?
extensor hallucis longus
extensor hallucis longus contributes to the formation of what structure that covers the dorsum of the hallux?
extensor expansion
what is the role of the extensor expansion?
anchors the EHL tendon in place
what is the name of the medial tendinous slip originating from the EHL that inserts onto the dorsomedial aspect of the first MTPJ?
extensor hallucis capsularis
which anterior compartment muscle is capable of weak eversion?
fibularis tertius
what are the superior branches of the anterior tibial artery?
popliteal a. (origin) posterior tibial recurrent a. anterior tibial recurrent a.
what are the inferior branches of the anterior tibial artery?
dorsalis pedis (termination) anterior lateral malleolar a. anterior medial malleolar a.
what does the deep fibular nerve terminate into?
lateral and medial terminal branches
what does a lesion to the common fibular nerve cause?
high steppage gait (loss of dorsiflexion capabilities)
what is the crural fascia?
deep fascia completely surrounding the leg
the crural fascia contributes to the formation of what structures?
the 3 osteofacial compartments and retinacula
what 3 fibrous sheets divide the leg into 3 osteofascial compartments?
anterior crural intermuscular septum posterior crural intermuscular septum crural interosseous membrane
what are the contents of the anterior osteofascial compartment?
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius anterior tibial artery and vein deep fibular nerve
what are the contents of the lateral osteofascial compartment?
fibularis longus fibularis brevis superficial fibular nerve
what is the posterior osteofascial compartment divided by?
the deep transverse intermuscular septum
what are the contents of the superficial posterior compartment?
gastrocnemius plantaris soleus
what are the contents of the deep posterior compartment?
flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior popliteus fibular artery/vein posterior tibial artery/vein tibial nerve
what purposed do retinacula serve?
bind tendons in place to prevent bowstringing and assuring the correct line of pull
which muscles pass deep to the superior extensor retinaculum from medial to lateral?
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius
which muscles pass deep to the stem of the inferior extensor retinaculum?
fibularis tertius extensor digitorum longus
which muscles pass deep to the superior and inferior arms of the inferior extensor retinaculum?
extensor hallucis longus tibialis anterior
what neurovascular structures pass deep to both the superior and inferior extensor retinacula?
anterior tibial artery and vein
what 2 tendons run deep to both the superior and inferior peroneal retinacula?
fibularis brevis fibularis longus
the flexor retinaculum serves as the superficial boundary to the beginning of what passageway between deep posterior compartment of the leg and plantar foot?
tarsal tunnel
which structures pass deep to the flexor retinaculum from anterior to posterior?
tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus
what is the purpose of tendon synovial sheaths?
to cover tendons in order to protect them from friction and chafing through their course beneath the retinacula
how many synovial sheaths protect the tendons from each compartment of the leg?
anterior- 3 lateral- 1 then splits posterior- 3
what separates the superficial fascia on the dorsum of the foot from the superficial fascia on the sole?
fusion of the deep fascia to the dermis
what is the deep fascia called on the dorsum of the foot?
fascia dorsalis pedia
which muscle tendons are sandwiched between the superficial and deep layers of the fascia dorsalis pedis?
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius
what is the deep fascia on the sole of the foot called?
plantar aponeurosis
what is the proximal attachment of the medial plantar aponeurosis?
medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
what is the proximal attachment of the lateral plantar aponeurosis?
lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
what is the calcaneometatarsal ligament?
a think band of lateral plantar aponeurosis that passes from the lateral process of the calcaneus to the MT 5 tuberosity
what is the proximal attachment of the central plantar aponeurosis?
medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
the superficial slip/tract of the central plantar aponeurosis contributes to the formation of what?
the superficial transverse metatarsal ligament
the medial PA both covers and provides partial origin to which muscle?
abductor hallucis
the central PA both covers and provides partial origin to which muscle?
flexor digitorum brevis
the lateral PA both covers which muscles?
abductor digit minimi flexor digit minimi
what intrinsic muscles of the foot are within the medial compartment?
abductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis
what intrinsic muscles of the foot are within the central compartment?
flexor digitorum brevis quadratus plantae lumbricals adductor hallucis
what intrinsic muscles of the foot are within the lateral compartment?
abductor digiti minimi flexor digit minimi
what intrinsic muscles of the foot are within the interosseous compartment?
4 dorsal interossei (DABs) and 3 plantar interossei (PADs)
a puncture wound to the central plantar spaces could lead to infection in which leg compartment via which muscle tendons?
deep posterior compartment via flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus tendons
what 2 muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot?
extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis
what is the innervation, blood supply, and action of the dorsal foot muscles?
lateral terminal branch of deep fibular n. lateral tarsal artery (branch off dorsalis pedis) dorsiflex the toes
what is the origin of the dorsal foot muscles?
floor of sinus tarsi, inferior extensor retinaculum, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
what tendons pass superficially to extensor digitorum brevis after it divides into 3 bellies?
fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum longus
where does extensor hallucis brevis insert?
base of PP of hallux
en route to its insertion, what muscle, nerve, and artery does the EHB tendon pass over?
1st dorsal interosseous medial terminal branch of deep fibular n. dorsalis pedis/1st dorsal MT a.
at the inferior 1/3rd of the leg, what does the superficial fibular n. split into?
intermediate dorsal cutaneous n. medial dorsal cutaneous n.
what is the course of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous n.?
2 common dorsal digital branches –> 2 proper dorsal digital branches each going to the 3rd/4th digit and 4th/5th digit
what is the course of the medial dorsal cutaneous n.?
1 common dorsal digital branch + 1 proper digital branch to medial side of hallux common dorsal digital branch –> 2 proper digital branches to 2nd/3rd digit
what arteries contribute to the lateral malleolar anastomosis?
perforating fibular anterior lateral malleolar posterior lateral malleolar lateral calcaneal lateral tarsal lateral plantar
what arteries contribute to the medial malleolar anastomosis?
anterior medial malleolar posterior medial malleolar medial calcaneal medial tarsal medial plantar
