Quiz 8

Question 1

the anterior osteofascial compartment is found between what 2 borders of the tibia?

Answer 1

anterior and interosseous/lateral borders

Question 2

what are the dermatomes of the anterior compartment?

Answer 2

L4 and L5

Question 3

what nerves supply the L5 dermatome of the leg?

Answer 3

lateral sural cutaneous n. and superficial fibular n.

Question 4

what nerve supplies the L4 dermatome of the leg?

Answer 4

saphenous n.

Question 5

what are the contents of the anterior compartment?

Answer 5

tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius ant. tibial artery and vein Deep fibular nerve

Question 6

what are the general characteristics of the anterior compartment muscles? (there are 4)

Answer 6

1) they all dorsiflex the ankle 2) they are all innervated by the deep fibular n. 3) they all have site of origin on the interosseous membrane 4) they all receive their main blood supply from anterior tibial artery

Question 7

when are the anterior compartment muscles especially active during the gait cycle?

Answer 7

heel strike/initial contact and swing phase

Question 8

which anterior compartment muscle also inverts the foot?

Answer 8

tibialis anterior

Question 9

where does tibialis anterior insert?

Answer 9

medial-plantar surface of both the medial cuneiform and MT 1 base

Question 10

which anterior compartment muscle has origin on the lateral condyle of the tibia but not on the tibial shaft?

Answer 10

extensor digitorum longus

Question 11

where does extensor digitorum longus insert?

Answer 11

middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Question 12

which anterior compartment muscle is the most lateral?

Answer 12

extensor digitorum longus

Question 13

What Nerve contributes to the L3 and L4 Dermatome?

Answer 13

Saphenous Nerve

Question 14

When walking, what muscle compartment stabilizes the foot from slapping the ground?

Answer 14

The Anterior Compartment

Question 15

What Muscles attach to the medial cuniform ?

Answer 15

Tibialas Anterior and Fibularis Longus

Question 16

what are the 2 parts of the extensor expansion?

Answer 16

extensor sling and extensor wing/hood

Question 17

which muscle from the anterior compartment is deepest?

Answer 17

extensor hallucis longus

Question 18

extensor hallucis longus contributes to the formation of what structure that covers the dorsum of the hallux?

Answer 18

extensor expansion

Question 19

what is the role of the extensor expansion?

Answer 19

anchors the EHL tendon in place

Question 20

what is the name of the medial tendinous slip originating from the EHL that inserts onto the dorsomedial aspect of the first MTPJ?

Answer 20

extensor hallucis capsularis

Question 21

which anterior compartment muscle is capable of weak eversion?

Answer 21

fibularis tertius

Question 22

what are the superior branches of the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 22

popliteal a. (origin) posterior tibial recurrent a. anterior tibial recurrent a.

Question 23

what are the inferior branches of the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 23

dorsalis pedis (termination) anterior lateral malleolar a. anterior medial malleolar a.

Question 24

what does the deep fibular nerve terminate into?

Answer 24

lateral and medial terminal branches

Question 25

what does a lesion to the common fibular nerve cause?

Answer 25

high steppage gait (loss of dorsiflexion capabilities)

Question 26

what is the crural fascia?

Answer 26

deep fascia completely surrounding the leg

Question 27

the crural fascia contributes to the formation of what structures?

Answer 27

the 3 osteofacial compartments and retinacula

Question 28

what 3 fibrous sheets divide the leg into 3 osteofascial compartments?

Answer 28

anterior crural intermuscular septum posterior crural intermuscular septum crural interosseous membrane

Question 29

what are the contents of the anterior osteofascial compartment?

Answer 29

tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius anterior tibial artery and vein deep fibular nerve

Question 30

what are the contents of the lateral osteofascial compartment?

Answer 30

fibularis longus fibularis brevis superficial fibular nerve

Question 31

what is the posterior osteofascial compartment divided by?

Answer 31

the deep transverse intermuscular septum

Question 32

what are the contents of the superficial posterior compartment?

Answer 32

gastrocnemius plantaris soleus

Question 33

what are the contents of the deep posterior compartment?

Answer 33

flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior popliteus fibular artery/vein posterior tibial artery/vein tibial nerve

Question 34

what purposed do retinacula serve?

Answer 34

bind tendons in place to prevent bowstringing and assuring the correct line of pull

Question 35

which muscles pass deep to the superior extensor retinaculum from medial to lateral?

Answer 35

tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius

Question 36

which muscles pass deep to the stem of the inferior extensor retinaculum?

Answer 36

fibularis tertius extensor digitorum longus

Question 37

which muscles pass deep to the superior and inferior arms of the inferior extensor retinaculum?

Answer 37

extensor hallucis longus tibialis anterior

Question 38

what neurovascular structures pass deep to both the superior and inferior extensor retinacula?

Answer 38

anterior tibial artery and vein

Question 39

what 2 tendons run deep to both the superior and inferior peroneal retinacula?

Answer 39

fibularis brevis fibularis longus

Question 40

the flexor retinaculum serves as the superficial boundary to the beginning of what passageway between deep posterior compartment of the leg and plantar foot?

Answer 40

tarsal tunnel

Question 41

which structures pass deep to the flexor retinaculum from anterior to posterior?

Answer 41

tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus

Question 42

what is the purpose of tendon synovial sheaths?

Answer 42

to cover tendons in order to protect them from friction and chafing through their course beneath the retinacula

Question 43

how many synovial sheaths protect the tendons from each compartment of the leg?

Answer 43

anterior- 3 lateral- 1 then splits posterior- 3

Question 44

what separates the superficial fascia on the dorsum of the foot from the superficial fascia on the sole?

Answer 44

fusion of the deep fascia to the dermis

Question 45

what is the deep fascia called on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 45

fascia dorsalis pedia

Question 46

which muscle tendons are sandwiched between the superficial and deep layers of the fascia dorsalis pedis?

Answer 46

tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius

Question 47

what is the deep fascia on the sole of the foot called?

Answer 47

plantar aponeurosis

Question 48

what is the proximal attachment of the medial plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 48

medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

Question 49

what is the proximal attachment of the lateral plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 49

lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity

Question 50

what is the calcaneometatarsal ligament?

Answer 50

a think band of lateral plantar aponeurosis that passes from the lateral process of the calcaneus to the MT 5 tuberosity

Question 51

what is the proximal attachment of the central plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 51

medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

Question 52

the superficial slip/tract of the central plantar aponeurosis contributes to the formation of what?

Answer 52

the superficial transverse metatarsal ligament

Question 53

the medial PA both covers and provides partial origin to which muscle?

Answer 53

abductor hallucis

Question 54

the central PA both covers and provides partial origin to which muscle?

Answer 54

flexor digitorum brevis

Question 55

the lateral PA both covers which muscles?

Answer 55

abductor digit minimi flexor digit minimi

Question 56

what intrinsic muscles of the foot are within the medial compartment?

Answer 56

abductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis

Question 57

what intrinsic muscles of the foot are within the central compartment?

Answer 57

flexor digitorum brevis quadratus plantae lumbricals adductor hallucis

Question 58

what intrinsic muscles of the foot are within the lateral compartment?

Answer 58

abductor digiti minimi flexor digit minimi

Question 59

what intrinsic muscles of the foot are within the interosseous compartment?

Answer 59

4 dorsal interossei (DABs) and 3 plantar interossei (PADs)

Question 60

a puncture wound to the central plantar spaces could lead to infection in which leg compartment via which muscle tendons?

Answer 60

deep posterior compartment via flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus tendons

Question 61

what 2 muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 61

extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis

Question 62

what is the innervation, blood supply, and action of the dorsal foot muscles?

Answer 62

lateral terminal branch of deep fibular n. lateral tarsal artery (branch off dorsalis pedis) dorsiflex the toes

Question 63

what is the origin of the dorsal foot muscles?

Answer 63

floor of sinus tarsi, inferior extensor retinaculum, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Question 64

what tendons pass superficially to extensor digitorum brevis after it divides into 3 bellies?

Answer 64

fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum longus

Question 65

where does extensor hallucis brevis insert?

Answer 65

base of PP of hallux

Question 66

en route to its insertion, what muscle, nerve, and artery does the EHB tendon pass over?

Answer 66

1st dorsal interosseous medial terminal branch of deep fibular n. dorsalis pedis/1st dorsal MT a.

Question 67

at the inferior 1/3rd of the leg, what does the superficial fibular n. split into?

Answer 67

intermediate dorsal cutaneous n. medial dorsal cutaneous n.

Question 68

what is the course of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous n.?

Answer 68

2 common dorsal digital branches --\> 2 proper dorsal digital branches each going to the 3rd/4th digit and 4th/5th digit

Question 69

what is the course of the medial dorsal cutaneous n.?

Answer 69

1 common dorsal digital branch + 1 proper digital branch to medial side of hallux common dorsal digital branch --\> 2 proper digital branches to 2nd/3rd digit

Question 70

what arteries contribute to the lateral malleolar anastomosis?

Answer 70

perforating fibular anterior lateral malleolar posterior lateral malleolar lateral calcaneal lateral tarsal lateral plantar

Question 71

what arteries contribute to the medial malleolar anastomosis?

Answer 71

anterior medial malleolar posterior medial malleolar medial calcaneal medial tarsal medial plantar