Quiz 4 Flashcards
Is the plantar aspect of the foot preaxial or postaxial?
Preaxial
Planter and dorsi flexion occur in what plane ?
Movement occurs in the oblique sagittal plane about the oblique transverse plane
What structure attaches at the popliteal notch of the posterior intercondylar area?
PCL remember PAIN
Posterior to Anterior (internal)
How many borders does the diaphysis of the tibia possess?
3 (anterior, medial, lateral borders)
When do primary ossifcation centers appear on long bones ?
Week 12
Where is the primary ossifcation center of the tibia and when does it appear?
Diaphysis
7-8 weeks in utero
Where is the tubercle for the iliotibial tract located?
Gerdy’s Tubercle is located on the lateral condyle, anterior aspect
If a patient cannot plantar flex, what gait does he/she have?
Apropulsive
What structure unites the tibial and fibular diaphyses?
The Crural interosseous membrane
At what week does chondification of distal phalanx of the foot?
Week 8 of gestation
Where is the groove for the semimembranosus tendon located?
Medial Condyle, Posterior aspect
What angle is used to diagnose Genu Varum or Genu Valgum?
Q angle (quadraciep angle)
~10 to 14 degrees (Males) ~15-17 degrees (females)
Runs from patella to ASIS and from middle of patella to tibial tuberosity.
Similar to angle of inclination. Helps determine proper alignment between thigh and leg.
What muscle inserts at the medial malleolus sulcus?
Tibialis Posterior
What is it called when the epiphysis of a long bone fuses with a growth plate?
Synostosis
Articularis genu is supportive of what sturcture ?
Suprapatellar bursa
Where is the nutrient foramen of the tibia located and what artery supplies it?
Lateral to the soleal/popliteal line
Supplied by the Posterior Tibial artery
from femoral a. and popliteal a.
What is the correct order of ossification of the cuniforms from earliest to latest?
Lateral cuniform, medial cuniform, intermediate cuniform
What feature give us right and left on the Tibia? Also identify what Tibia it is Right or Left?
Medial articular facet(MAF) is larger and less circular than the LAF
Left Tibia
What is the Dematome found along the medial malleolus of the Tibia?
L4
What dermatome is found at the hallux toe?
L5
The Navicular tubercle is located in what direction ?
Inferior Medial
What dermtome would be found at the level of the patella ?
L3
A Patient presents with pes cavus and medial rotation of the tibia, what will be the result?
In-toeing with a high arch foot
How many surfaces of the tibia give orgins to muscles ?
Two
Lateral Surface(Tibialis anteior muscle and Extensor digitorum longus muscle(Lateral condyle))
Posterior Surface (Flexor digitorum longus and Soleus muscle) Inferior to Soleul line
At week 8, the embryo’s feet are in what postion?
Plantar Flexed and supinated
What is the dermatome of the lateral malleolus?
L5
The skin ligaments attaches what two structures?
Dermis and Deep Fascia
What muscle groups will be recruited at each joint during heel strike to offset the effect of ground reaction force and keep the body moving? Hip? Knee? Ankle?
At Hip: Hip extensors
At Knee: Knee extensors
At Ankle: Ankle dorsiflexors
What muscle groups will be recruited at each joint during Toe-Off to offset the effects of ground reaction force and keep the body moving forward? Hip? Knee? Ankle?
Hip: Flexors
Knee: Extensors
Ankle: Planter Flexion
Apropulsive or Calcaneal gait
Weakness of the ankle planter flexors can result in insufficent propulsion.
There will be no toe-off, but the entire foot will leave the ground at once.
Embroynoic dorsal surface muscles perform what?
Extension and Eversion
What ligaments prevent hip extension?
Ischiofemoral and iliofemoral
What Structure attaches at the anterior intercondylar area?
ACL
Remember APEX
Anterior to Posterior External
What dermatone is found at the heel?
S1
If a patient has lost the capability of ankle dorsiflexion, how will he/she compensate during the swing phase and in prepartion for heel stirke?
High Steppage Gait
- Knee lifted high
- Toe-Strike
- Muscle atrophy
- Sometimes toe of show is worn
What type of joint is the distal Tibiofibular joint?
Syndesmosis
What is the order of fusion of the secondary ossification centers of the femur?
Lesser Trochanter(18 years)
Greater Trochanter (18-19 years)
Head(18-20 years)
Condyles (20-22 years)
How many Secondary Ossfication centers does the Tibia have ? When do they appear and when do they fuse with diaphysis?
2 sometimes 3(Tibial tuberosity)
Proximal: @birth (Fuse @ 13-19)
Distal: 8-10 Months After birth (Fuse @ 14-18 years)
When do primary and secondary ossfication begin in the fibula?
Primary 8 weeks in utero
Secondary 12-18 years
When does the fibula primary and secondary ossifications appear?
Primary: 8-9 weeks in utero
Secondary: Proxmial 3-5 years
Distal 9-22 months
They fuse with primary: Proximal 12-20 years old
Distal 12-20 years old. Can happen btw 12- 20 years
If the patient is in-toeing what condition may they have? (in regards to the Tibia)
Medial/internal Tibial torsion
Medial malleoli are oriented posteriorly
