Quiz 7 (final) Flashcards
Central nervous system includes (2)
- Brain
2. Spinal cord
Functions of nervous tissue (3)
- Sensory
- Interpretation
- Response
Peripheral nervous system includes (3)
- Somatic N.S.
- Autonomic N.S.
- Enteric N.S.
Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
Which branch of the PNS includes external senses, and responses to internal environment
Somatic N.S.
Is the Auntonomic N.S. Voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
What are the two branches of the ANS
- Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system calms you down
Parasympathetic
Is the enteric nervous system voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
What does the enteric nervous system run
Digestive system
Types of nerve cells (2)
- Neurons
2. Neuralgia
What nerve cell transmits electrical signals
Neurons
Sensory/afferent neurons are:
Sensory input
Motor/efferent neurons are:
Output
Neurons in the center (between sensory and motor)
Interneurons
Small masses of neuronal cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord
Ganglia
Contains nucleus, organelles
Cell body
Receiving end of the neuron
Dendrites
Carries impulses away from cell body to another neuron
Axons
End of axon
Axon terminal
Insulating protein
Myelin sheath
Gaps in myelin sheath
Node of ranvier
Site of communication between two neurons or between a neuron and another effector
Synapse
Vesicles in axon that store neurotransmitters
Synaptic vesicles
Crosses the gap between cells and triggers nerve impulses
Neurotransmitters
Produce myelin in the PNS
Schwann cells
Support neurons in the CNS; form blood brain barriers
Astrocytes
Produce myelin in CNS
Oligocendrocyte
What neuralgia makes myelin in the PNS
Schwann cells
Which neuralgia makes myelin in the CNS
Oligodendrocyte
3 things needed for a neuron to regenerate
- Cell body intact
- Myelin sheath intact
- In PNS
Process of making myelin; speeds up nerve impulses
Myelination
Auto immune disease that destroys myelin
MS
Loss of myelin or destruction of myelin sheath
Demyelination
Concentrated myelin covered axons
White matter
Cell bodies and dendrites
Gray matter
All or nothing effect; signal or no signal
Action potential
Enhances neurotransmitters
Agonist
Inhibits neurotransmitters
Antagonist
What process speeds up the impulse
Myelin sheath wrapped around axon
What stage has a refractory period
Resting period
Ions travel through them
Ion channel
Gap between two cells
Synapse
Crosses the gap between cells and trigger nerve impulse
Neurotransmitter
End of the spinal cord; between L1-L2
Conus medullaris
Runs between the dura mater and the more superficial ligamentum flavum
Epideral space
Extension of the pia mater to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx
Filum terminal
Roots of the lower spinal nerves (horses tail)
Cauda equine
Location and length of adult spinal cord
Base of skull to L2
End of spinal cord is called
Conus medullaris
Where does the spinal cord end
L2
Sensory information travels in which direction
Up
Motor information travels in which direction
Down
Meninges (3)
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Which space contains CSF
Subarachnoid space (SAS)
How do spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord
Roots
Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons
Posterior roots
Contain axons of motor neurons
Anterior roots
Where cell bodies of sensory neurons are bundled
Dorsal root ganglion
Location of a lumbar puncture
L3-L4
Inflammation of the meninges
Meningitis
Above dura mater
Epidural
Outside of spinal cord; inside of brain (myelinated axons)
White matter
Inside of spinal cord; outside of brain (dendrites and cell body)
Gray matter
Has CSF
Central canal
Bundle of neuronal axons; neurons traveling to different places bundled
Tract
From part of spine to the brain
Spinothalamic tract
From cortex to spine
Corticospinal tract
More tracts; external sensory
Dorsal columns
Map that tells what part of the body serves what spinal nerve
Dermatome
Paralysis of all 4 limbs
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of lower limbs
Paraplegia
Paths of communication between the spinal cord and specific regions of body
Spinal nerves
Cluster of nerves; swap fibers
Plexus
Cervical plexus is located
C1-C5
Keep diaphragm alive
Phrenic
Brachial plexus is located
C5-T1
Branches of the brachial plexus (3)
- Ancillary
- Radial/Ulnar
- Median
Axillary
Armpit
Radial/ulnar
Lateral and medial side of forearm
Median
Middle of forearm
Lumbosacral is located
L1-L4
Branches of lumbosacral (2)
- Sciatic
2. Femoral
Sciatic
Lower half of leg
Femoral
Femur
Paralysis of the arm (most often occurs as an infants head and neck are delivered)
Erb’s palsy
Median nerve injury seen in people who perform repetitive motions
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Ulnar nerve
Funny bone
Fast, involuntary response to a stimulus
Reflex
When the leg extends in response to stretch of the patellar tendon
Patellar reflex
Contraction of the calf when a force is applied to the Achilles’ tendon
Achilles reflex
Flexing or curling big toe when sole of foot is stimulated
Babinski reflex
Quick rapid response to withdraw from pain
Withdrawal reflex
Steps of reflex arc (5)
- Sensory receptor
- Sensory neuron
- Integrating center
- Motor neuron
- Effector