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A&P 1 > Quiz 5 (final) > Flashcards

Quiz 5 (final) Flashcards

0
Q

C.T. that stitches one muscle to another

A

Fascia

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1
Q

Muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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2
Q

Thick fascia that connects one muscle to another end to end

A

Aponeurosis

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3
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Sarcolemma

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4
Q

Cytoplasm of muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasm

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5
Q

Fibers that cause muscles to contract

A

Myofibril

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6
Q

Contracting unit

A

Sarcomere

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7
Q

Something to do with muscles

A

Sarco

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8
Q

Thin filament

A

Actin

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9
Q

Thick filament

A

Myosin

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10
Q

Sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction (4)

A
  1. ATP hydrolysis: gets cut
  2. Attachment: myosin attaches with actin
  3. Power Stroke: pulls
  4. Detachment: let’s go
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11
Q

If not present ATP can’t hydrolize

A

Calcium

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12
Q

Energy for muscle contractions

A

ATP

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13
Q

What ion triggers release of the neurotransmitter

A

Calcium

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14
Q

What is the neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

Enzyme that breaks down Acetycholine after a short period of time

A

Acetylcholinesterase

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16
Q

Sources of muscle energy (4)

A
  1. Stored ATP
  2. Creatine phosphate
  3. Aerobic ATP production
  4. Anaerobic glucose use
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17
Q

Lack of oxygen in muscles makes this

A

Lactic acid

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18
Q

Oxygen debt; amount of oxygen repayment after exercise in skeletal muscles

A

EPOC

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19
Q

Only neurotransmitter that goes from nerves to muscles

A

Acetylcholine

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20
Q

Means oxygen

A

Aerobic

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21
Q

Lack of oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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22
Q

How fine it controls

A

Precision

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23
Q

One motor nerve plus all muscle cells it controls

A

Motor unit

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24
Q

Fewer muscle fibers per neuron (e.g. voice box and eyes)

A

High precision

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25
Q

Many muscle fibers per neuron (e.g. thigh muscles)

A

Low precision

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26
Q

Chronic painful disorder that affects fibrous C.T. of muscles, tendons and ligaments

A

Fibromyalgia

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27
Q

Enlargement of muscle fibers

A

Muscular hypertrophy

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28
Q

Increase in number of fibers

A

Muscular hyperplasia

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29
Q

Wasting away of muscles

A

Muscular atrophy

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30
Q

Fibrous scar tissue replacing muscle fibers

A

Muscular fibrosis

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31
Q

Contraction and relaxation of muscle cell

A

Twitch

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32
Q

Continued contractions

A

Tetanus

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33
Q

Pulling in more muscle cells to get more contraction and work

A

Recruitment

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34
Q

Small groups of muscle cells contracted at all times

A

Muscle tone

35
Q

Decreased or lost muscle tone

A

Hypotonia

36
Q

Increased or to much muscle tone

A

Hypertonia

37
Q

Hold something in place (no mvmt.)

A

Isometric contraction

38
Q

Set something down

A

Eccentric contraction

39
Q

Lift something

A

Concentric contraction

40
Q

Sudden involuntary movement (painless)

A

Muscle spasm

41
Q

Long continued contraction (painful)

A

Muscle cramp

42
Q

Autoimmune disease damages neuromuscular junction

A

Myasthenia gravis

43
Q

Genetic muscle destroying of muscle fibers

A

Muscular dystrophy

44
Q

Attachment of muscles tendon to the stationary bone ( part that doesn’t move)

A

Origin

45
Q

What end moves

A

Insertion

46
Q

Muscle primarily responsible for desired movement

A

Agonist

47
Q

Muscles that work together

A

Synergist

48
Q

Opposite functions

A

Antagonist

49
Q

Muscle to muscle

A

Ligament

50
Q

Palm side of hand, thumb side

A

Thenar

51
Q

Palm side of hand, pinky side

A

Hypothenar

52
Q

Occipitofrontalis (location and function)

A

Occipital bone to frontal bone; raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

53
Q

Orbicularis oculi ( location and function )

A

Circle around eyes ; closes eyes

54
Q

Orbicularis oris ( location and function )

A

Around mouth; close mouth and protrude lips

55
Q

Buccinator (location and function)

A

Cheeks; cheeks against teeth while eating, whistling, blowing and sucking

56
Q

Zygomaticus major (location and function)

A

Cheek bones; smiling

57
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris (location and function)

A

Eyelids; elevates upper eyelids

58
Q

Platysma (location and function)

A

Lower jaw; pulls jaw open

59
Q

Temporalis (location and function)

A

Side of head; close mouth, chewing

60
Q

Masseter (location and function)

A

Side of head; close mouth and chewing

61
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (location and function)

A

In the neck; flex or rotate head

62
Q

Intercostals (location and function)

A

Between ribs; forced inhale and exhale

63
Q

Diaphragm (location and function)

A

Muscle of breathing; breathing

64
Q

Rectus abdominis (function)

A

Flex abdomen

65
Q

External oblique ( function)

A

Flex spine to the side

66
Q

Internal oblique (function)

A

Flex spine to the side

67
Q

Transversus (location and function)

A

All across side and front of abdomen; sucks your gut in

68
Q

Pectoralis major (location and function)

A

Chest muscles; rotate arms

69
Q

Trapezius (location and function)

A

Base of skull to bottom of thoracic vertebrae; raise or lower shoulders, lifts up head

70
Q

Rotator cuff (location and function)

A

Shoulder; rotation of arm

71
Q

Latissimus dorsi (location and function)

A

Lower part of back and underarm; rotate shoulder

72
Q

Deltoid (location and function)

A

Front of shoulder; raise arm up

73
Q

Biceps brachii (location and function)

A

Upper arm; flexes at elbow

74
Q

Brachioradialis (location and function)

A

Forearm; flex elbow with bicep, rolls hand back and forth

75
Q

Triceps brachii (location and function)

A

Upper arm; opposite of biceps

76
Q

Gluteal group (location and function)

A

Butt; abducting thigh and rotate

77
Q

Iliopsoas (location and function)

A

Front of thigh; flex thigh at hip joint

78
Q

Adductor group (location and function)

A

Inner thigh; adduct leg and thigh, rotate the hip

79
Q

Hamstring group (location and function)

A

Back of thigh; flex the knee

80
Q

Quadriceps group (location and function)

A

Front of thigh; straighten out knee joint

81
Q

Sartorius (location and function)

A

Hip; flex and rotate hip

82
Q

Tibialis anterior (location and function)

A

Front of tibia; pull foot up

83
Q

Flexor/extensor digitorum (location and function)

A

Lower leg/down front other toes; move toes

84
Q

Flexor/extensor hallucis (location and function)

A

Big toes; move toes

85
Q

Gastrocnemius ( location and function)

A

Calf; point toes, flex ankle

86
Q

Soleus (location and function )

A

Calf; point toe flex ankle

A&P 1 (7 decks)

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