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A&P 1 > Quiz 1 Material > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Material Flashcards

0
Q

Physiology

A

Science of body functions

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structure

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Keeping the organ systems of the body in balance

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3
Q

Pathology

A

Study of anatomical changes due to disease

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4
Q

Levels of organization

A
  1. Chemical 4. Organ
  2. Cellular 5. System
  3. Tissue. 6. Organism
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5
Q

Cells

A

Basic structural and functional units of an organism

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of cells that work together to perform similar functions

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7
Q

4 basic types of tissues

A
  1. Epithelium 3. Muscle

2. Connective 4. Nerves

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8
Q

Organs

A

Structures composed of two or more different types if tissue

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9
Q

Organ system

A

Consists of related organs with a common function

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10
Q

Organism

A

Collection of organ systems

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11
Q

6 important life processes

A
  1. Metabolism 4. Growth
  2. Responsiveness 5. Differentiation
  3. Movement 6. Reproduction
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12
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all the catabolic and anabolic chemical processes that occur in the body

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13
Q

Responsiveness

A

Body’s ability to detect and respond to change which might represent an opportunity or threat

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14
Q

Movement

A

Any motion

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15
Q

Growth

A

Increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells, number of cells or both

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16
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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17
Q

Blood glucose levels

A

70-110 mg of glucose/dL of blood

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18
Q

Control of homeostasis is constantly challenged by:

A
  1. Physical insults
  2. Changes in the internal environment
  3. Physiological stress
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19
Q

3 basic components of feedback system

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Control center
  3. Effector
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20
Q

Receptor

A

Body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to the control center

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21
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin related structures

hair, nails, and glands

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22
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones and joints

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23
Q

Muscular system

A

Named skeletal muscles, as well as smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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24
Q

Nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

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25
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hormone producing cells and glands scattered throughout the body; regulates body by releasing hormones into the blood

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26
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood, and blood vessels

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27
Q

Lymphatic system and Immunity

A

Lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes, lymphocytes, and other associated organs of the immune system, like tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland

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28
Q

Respiratory system

A

Consists of upper airways, trachea and major bronchi, and the lungs

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29
Q

Digestive system

A

Stomach, esophagus, stomach and intestines, and the accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, liver and gallbladder

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30
Q

Urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureters, urethra, and bladder

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31
Q

Reproductive system

A

Ovaries, uterus, and vagina in females

Testes, and penis in the male

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32
Q

Prone

A

Face down

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33
Q

Supine

A

Face up

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34
Q

Superior

A

Above, toward head

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35
Q

Inferior

A

Below, away from head

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36
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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37
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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38
Q

Caudad

A

Toward the tail

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39
Q

Cephalad

A

Toward the head

40
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

41
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

42
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest to the point of origination

43
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from origination

44
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

45
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides of the body

46
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the surface

47
Q

Deep

A

Towards the core of the body

48
Q

Visceral

A

Pertaining to a covering over an organ

49
Q

Parietal

A

Covering against a cavity wall

50
Q

Body planes

A

Imaginary flat surfaces that separate the body or body part into portions

51
Q

3 major planes

A
  1. Sagittal (midline)
  2. Transverse (horizontal)
  3. Frontal (coronal)
52
Q

Sagittal planes

A

Right and left sides

53
Q

Frontal plane

A

Anterior and posterior portions

54
Q

Transverse planes

A

Superior and inferior portions

55
Q

Dorsal cavity

A 
Cranial cavity (protects brain)
Vertebral cavity (protects spinal cord)
56
Q

Meninges

A

Layers of protective tissue that line the dorsal cavity and vertebral cavity

57
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Formed by sternum, ribs, and the thoracic portion of the bony vertebral column

58
Q

3 subdivisions of thoracic cavity

A
  1. Mediastinum
  2. Pleural cavity
  3. Pericardial cavity
59
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Two fluid filled spaces that surround each lung

60
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart

61
Q

Diaphragm

A

Skeletal muscle that divides the thorax from the abdomen

62
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Extends from the diaphragm to the groin

63
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and colon

64
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive system, and portions of colon

65
Q

Serous membrane

A

Thin, slippery, double layered membranes that line the thoracic and abdominal cavity

66
Q

Visceral layer

A

Covers organs

67
Q

Parietal layer

A

Outer

68
Q

Pleural membranes

A

Covers the lungs and the walls of the pleural cavity

69
Q

Pericardial membrane

A

Covers the heart and the pericardial cavity walls

70
Q

Peritoneal membrane

A

Covers the abdominal organs and the abdominal cavity walls

71
Q

RUQ

A

Liver

72
Q

LUQ

A

Spleen and left kidney

73
Q

RLQ

A

Appendix

74
Q

LLQ

A

Left ovary

75
Q

9 Abdominopelvic regions

A
  1. Right hypochondriac region 6. Hypogastric region
  2. Right lumbar region 7. Left hypochondriac region
  3. Right inguinal region 8. Left lumbar region
  4. Epigastric region 9. Left inguinal region
  5. Umbilical region
76
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of matter

77
Q

Chemical elements

A

Substances that cannot be split into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

78
Q

Chemical symbols

A

A letter abbreviation given to elements

79
Q

Trace elements

A

Elements in our bodies present in tiny amounts

80
Q

Element

A

A quantity of matter composed of atoms of the same type

81
Q

Neutral atom

A

Contains the same number of protons and electrons

82
Q

Protons

A

Large, positively charged particles

83
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

84
Q

Neutrons

A

The second large particle that make up the nucleus of atoms

Have no charge

85
Q

Isotopes

A

Formed when the number of neutrons change

86
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of proteins and neutrons ( always a while number)

87
Q

Atomic mass

A

Average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes

88
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that have given up or gained an electron in their outer electron shell

89
Q

Electrolytes

A

Molecule that dissociates in water to form individual ions

90
Q

Compounds

A

Substances whose molecules have more than one kind of atom

91
Q

Chemical bonds

A

What hold together the atom of a molecule by forces of attraction

92
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Form when an atom loses or gains an electron

93
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged ions that have given up one or more electron

94
Q

Anions

A

Negatively charged ions that have picked up one or more electrons that another atom has lost

95
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Formed by the atoms of molecules sharing one, two, or three pairs of their outermost electrons

96
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak interactions between hydrogen and adjacent atoms

97
Q

Catalysts

A

Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions

A&P 1 (7 decks)

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