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A&P > Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What fraction of electrolytes and other substances are reabsorbed in the PCT?

A

2/3

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2
Q

What is the difference between the thin and thick parts of the loop of Henle?

A

thin- very permeable to water

thick- not very permeable, needs pumps

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3
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

catecholamines

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4
Q

What does the zona reticularis secrete?

A

androgens- think sex hormones

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5
Q

What does the zona fasciculata secrete?

A

glucocorticoids- think sugars

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6
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

A

aldosterone- think salt

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7
Q

Where does the “fine tuning” occur in the nephron?

A

distal tubule and collecting duct

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8
Q

What happens to urine in hyperglycemia?

A

pumps are overwhelmed- glucose excreted in urine (not normal)

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9
Q

What % of CO do the kidneys receive?

A

20-25%

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10
Q

Afferent vs efferent arteriole

A

afferent- into glomerulus

efferent- out of glomerulus

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11
Q

What happens in the PCT?

A

reabsorption of nutrients

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12
Q

What happens in the nephron loop?

A

establishes osmotic gradient- promotes water reabsorption

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13
Q

What happens in the DCT?

A

makes further adjustments in composition of tubular fluid- combination of secretion and reabsorption

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14
Q

What happens in the collecting duct?

A

receives urine and performs final adjustments of volume and composition- carries tubular fluid through osmotic gradient in renal medulla

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15
Q

What substances filter into the Bowman’s capsule?

A

water and low molecular weight substances

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16
Q

renal blood flow is directly proportional to:

A

pressure difference between renal artery and renal vein

17
Q

Renal blood flow is indirectly proportional to:

A

resistance of renal vasculature

18
Q

Difference between cortex and medulla

A

cortex- receives 90-95% of BF- contains pumps

medulla- flow is restricted by vascular resistance- slow for concentrating urine

19
Q

What causes the glomerular capillaries to be a high pressure system?

A

resistance of efferent arteriole

20
Q

What leads to decrease in RBF?

A

vasoconstriction of renal arterioles (SNS activation, angiotensin II)

21
Q

What leads to increase in RBF?

A

vasodilation of renal arterioles (prostaglandins, bradykinin, NO, dopamine)

22
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms for autoregulation of RBF?

A

myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback

23
Q

Myogenic mechanism

A

renal afferent arterioles contract in response to stretch- increased renal arterial pressure stretches arterioles, which contract and increase resistance to maintain constant RBF

24
Q

Tubuloglomerular feedback

A

increased renal arterial pressure leads to increased delivery of fluid to macula densa- which senses increased load and causes constriction of nearby afferent arteriole, increasing resistance to maintain BF

25
Q

What do juxtaglomerular cells do?

A

release renin into circulation in response to decreased RBF from hypovolemia, hypotension, renal ischemia, or SNS stim

26
Q

Filtration pressure=

A

MAP - (colloidal oncotic P + glomerular filtrate P)

should always be + in normal physiology

27
Q

Effects of constriction of afferent arteriole

A

Decreased GFR
Decreased renal plasma flow
no change in filtration fraction

28
Q

Effects of constriction of efferent arteriole

A

increased GFR
decreased renal plasma flow
increased filtration fraction

29
Q

Effects of increased plasma proteins

A

decreased GFR
no change in renal plasma flow
decreased filtration fraction

30
Q

Effects of ureteral stone

A

decreased GFR
no change in renal plasma flow
decreased filtration fraction

31
Q

Effects of anesthesia on RBF

A

redistributes blood flow away from cortex (vasodilation)- causes sodium and water conservation (less u.o.)
decreases in BF causes release of AVP (vasopressin)

32
Q

Does intraop u.o. correlate with postop changes in renal function?

A

no

A&P (11 decks)

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