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A&P > Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Life span of RBC

A

120 days

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2
Q

What are the two main cell types of blood?

A

leukocytes, RBCs

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3
Q

Function of RBCs

A

transport hemoglobin (and carry carbonic anhydrase)

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4
Q

Where are RBCs formed?

A

bone marrow

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5
Q

EPO

A

glycoprotein made in response to arterial hypoxemia from kidneys- stimulates RBC production in bone marrow

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6
Q

platelet lifespan

A

8-12 days

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7
Q

Normal platelet count

A

150k-300k

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8
Q

Coagulation cascade provides

A

thrombin- incorporated into platelet plug

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9
Q

Completion of coagulation process converts…

A

fibrinogen into fibrin

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10
Q

Which coagulation proteins are NOT synthesized in the liver?

A

vWF, calcium, factor VIII

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11
Q

Factor I

A

fibrinogen (forms clot- fibrin)

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12
Q

Factor II

A

prothromgin- activates I, V, VII, VIII, platelets, protein C, thrombin

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13
Q

Factor III

A

tissue factor/thromboplastin- cofactor of VII

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14
Q

Factor IV

A

calcium

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15
Q

vWF

A

vom Willebrand- mediates adhesion

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16
Q

factor IX

A

Christmas- activates X

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17
Q

Factor XI

A

fibrin stabilizing- crosslinks fibrin

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18
Q

What lab value reflects the intrinsic pathway?

A

aPTT

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19
Q

What lab value reflects the extrinsic pathway?

A

PT/INR

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20
Q

When does final common pathway occur?

A

when factor X activated by intrinsic or extrinsic pathway

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21
Q

When is the extrinsic pathway activated?

A

by release of factor III when injury occurs outside the vessel wall or blood

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22
Q

When is the intrinsic pathway activated?

A

when injury occurs to vessel itself

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23
Q

Mnemonic for intrinsic pathway

A

If you can’t buy the intrinsic pathway for $12, you can get it for $11.98 (factors XII, XI, IX, VIII)

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24
Q

Mnemonic for extrinsic pathway

A

For 37 cents you can purchase the extrinsic pathway (factors III, VII)

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25
Q

Mneumonic for FCP

A

The FCP can be purchased at the five and dime for 1 or 2 dollars on the 13th of the month (factors V, X, I, II, XIII)

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26
Q

normal PTT

A

25-32 seconds

27
Q

normal PT

A

12-14 seconds

28
Q

normal INR

A

1.5-2.5

29
Q

What is FFP?

A

fresh frozen plasma- fluid portion of whole blood; contains ALL clotting factors and inhibitors

30
Q

Should FFP be ABO compatible?

A

yes, when you can

31
Q

What is FFP given for?

A

dilutional coagulopathy (factors consumed or diluted), MTP, warfarin reversal, vWB disease, antithromin III deficiency

32
Q

What is cryo?

A

precipitate collected off the top of FFP

33
Q

What does cryo do?

A

increases fibrinogen (50 mg/dL with one unit), contains I, VIII, XIII, vWF, protein C

34
Q

Does cryo need to be ABO compatible?

A

no

35
Q

Indications for cryo

A

microvascular bleeding, vWB disease unresponsive to DDAVP

36
Q

Indication for pRBCs

A

bleeding, increase O2 carrying capacity

37
Q

Indication for platelets

A

MTP, active bleeding

38
Q

Immunity

A

ability of organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogens/antigens

39
Q

Antigen

A

molecules from a pathogen or foreign organism that provoke a specific immune response

40
Q

immune response

A

production of antibodies and generation of specialized lymphocytes against specific antigens

41
Q

innate/genetic immunity

A

born with- genetically determined due to lack of receptors or other molecules required for infection

42
Q

acquired immunity

A

develops- not genetically determined acquired naturally or artificially

43
Q

Naturally acquired ACTIVE immunity

A

antigens or pathogens enter body naturally- immune response generated, either lifelong or temporary ex) chicken pox, mumps

44
Q

naturally acquired PASSIVE immunity

A

antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or breast milk (IgG)- no immune response to antigens immunity usually short lived ex) flu or intestinal virus

45
Q

Artificially acquired ACTIVE immunity

A

ANTIGENS introduced in vaccines- immune response generated

46
Q

Artificially acquired PASSIVE immunity

A

preformed ANTIBODIES (antiserum) given by injection ex) snake antivenom short lived immunity, no response to antigens

47
Q

Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity

A

B cells defends body against bacteria, viruses, toxins BEFORE they enter cells antibodies produced

48
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells defends against: bacteria and viruses inside host cells and inaccessible to antibodies, fungi, protozoa, helminths, cancer cells, transplanted tissue no antibodies produced

49
Q

Helper T cells

A

call “for backup”

50
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

destroy

51
Q

Hapten

A

small foreign molecule that is not antigenic by itself- must be coupled to carrier molecule to be antigenic

52
Q

Epitope

A

part of antigen that interacts with antibody

53
Q

Most common immunoglobulin

A

IgG (80%)

54
Q

1st antibody produced during infection

A

IgM

55
Q

antibody found in secretions

A

IgA

56
Q

What immunoglobin is a small % of serum and has a short half life but is present in allergic reactions?

A

IgE

57
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions

A
  • allergy
  • allergen (protein) reacts with IgE antibodies on mast cells
  • massive histamine release
  • rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, pruritis, anaphylaxis
58
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

severe generalized hypersensitivity reaction

  • shocklike state from hypotension secondary to vasodilation and extravasation of protein and fluid
  • unpredictable, immediate or delayed
59
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

IgG and IgM antibodies bind to antigens on cell surface or extracellular tissue

  • reaction activates complement cascade/membrane attack complex
  • transfusion reaction, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Mg
60
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

immune complex disease in which antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues and cause injury

-SLE, RA, glomerulonephritis

61
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

delayed, 12 hours after exposure

CD4 lymphocytes migrate to site followed by cytokine release and local inflammation

-poison ivy, contact dermatitis

62
Q

Anaphylactoid reaction caused by mediator from ?

A

basophils, not mast cells (no histamine) in response to non-IgE mediated triggering event

-less severe, more cutaneous reaction

63
Q
A

Antigen antibody complex

A&P (11 decks)

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