quiz 7 Flashcards
status
Socially defined position in the social structure, in relation to other statuses. Lays out the guidelines for behavior. Master statuses, ascribed/achieved, pos/neg
status set
All the positions that a person has at any given time. Changes with time and social context. Merton
master status
Has some special significance, dominates in a status set. Is contextual, but has special for a social identity, shapes a person’s entire life. (Ex: race, gender, visible disability -> when they’re unknown, we feel disoriented and unsure) Can be ascribed/achieved, pos/neg
role
When we engage in the behaviors associated with a status. (Value : Norm :: Status : Role). You occupy a status, but you play a role
role set
All the roles that a person plays at any given time. Changes with time and social context
role performance
A variation in the playing of a role. Individual style and expression w/i parameters or expectations of behavior. (Parenting styles, teaching styles, gender performance)
role conflict
Tension b/w roles that are connected to 2+ statuses that don’t mesh. Hochschild: “second shift,” mother/full time job
role strain
Tension w/i roles that are connected to a single status (Someone is cheating in class -> do you align w/ professor or peer)
role embracement
When a person’s sense of identity is partially influenced by the role
role merger
When a role becomes central to a person’s identity. They become the role that they play
dramaturgy
Erving Goffman. A specific micro level analysis that looks at life as a drama unfolding on stage. The study of social interaction in terms of a theatrical performance. front/backstage, botched performance, impression management
thomas theorem
AKA “definition of the situation.” when people define situations as real, they become real in their consequences. We construct our own realities based on what we think is happening
ethnomethodology
Harold Garfinkel. Analyzing the taken-for-granted aspects of social interaction (social norms) by behaving in contradiction to them (breaking the norm). human interaction takes place within a consensus, revealed by people’s background expectancies (social norms)
social institution
an established and organized system of social behavior with a recognized purpose
collective consciousness
acc to durkheim, the body of beliefs common to a community or society that give people a sense of belonging and a feeling of moral obligation to its demands and values
2 types of solidarity acc to durkheim
mechanical: unity based on similarity, not difference, of roles. common in nonindustrialized societies
organic: aka contractual, unity based on role differentiation, not similarity. industrialized societies.
organic solidarity -> division of labor
gemeinschaft
German for community. acc to Tönnies, a state characterized by a sense of common feeling among the members of a society, including strong personal ties, sturdy primary group memberships, and a sense of personal loyalty to one another; associated with rural life. similarity and unity bond the gemeinschaft society
gesellschaft
acc to Tönnies, a type of society in which increasing importance is placed on the secondary relationships that are less intimate and more instrumental. complexity and differentiation are what make the gesellschaft cohesive
group
a collection of individuals who interact and communicate, share goals and norms, and who have a subjective awareness as “we.”
social categories
different than groups, these are collections of ppl based on one or more shared characteristics
status inconsistency
exists when the different statuses occupied by the individual bring with them significantly different amounts of prestige. example: immigrants/refugees with higher status occupations back home who are forced to take lower status occupations
social exchange model
our interactions are determined by the rewards or punishments that we receive from others.
