quiz 7

Question 1

status

Answer 1

Socially defined position in the social structure, in relation to other statuses. Lays out the guidelines for behavior. Master statuses, ascribed/achieved, pos/neg

Question 2

status set

Answer 2

All the positions that a person has at any given time. Changes with time and social context. Merton

Question 3

master status

Answer 3

Has some special significance, dominates in a status set. Is contextual, but has special for a social identity, shapes a person’s entire life. (Ex: race, gender, visible disability -> when they’re unknown, we feel disoriented and unsure) Can be ascribed/achieved, pos/neg

Question 4

role

Answer 4

When we engage in the behaviors associated with a status. (Value : Norm :: Status : Role). You occupy a status, but you play a role

Question 5

role set

Answer 5

All the roles that a person plays at any given time. Changes with time and social context

Question 6

role performance

Answer 6

A variation in the playing of a role. Individual style and expression w/i parameters or expectations of behavior. (Parenting styles, teaching styles, gender performance)

Question 7

role conflict

Answer 7

Tension b/w roles that are connected to 2+ statuses that don’t mesh. Hochschild: “second shift,” mother/full time job

Question 8

role strain

Answer 8

Tension w/i roles that are connected to a single status (Someone is cheating in class -> do you align w/ professor or peer)

Question 9

role embracement

Answer 9

When a person’s sense of identity is partially influenced by the role

Question 10

role merger

Answer 10

When a role becomes central to a person’s identity. They become the role that they play

Question 11

dramaturgy

Answer 11

Erving Goffman. A specific micro level analysis that looks at life as a drama unfolding on stage. The study of social interaction in terms of a theatrical performance. front/backstage, botched performance, impression management

Question 12

thomas theorem

Answer 12

AKA “definition of the situation.” when people define situations as real, they become real in their consequences. We construct our own realities based on what we think is happening

Question 13

ethnomethodology

Answer 13

Harold Garfinkel. Analyzing the taken-for-granted aspects of social interaction (social norms) by behaving in contradiction to them (breaking the norm). human interaction takes place within a consensus, revealed by people’s background expectancies (social norms)

Question 14

social institution

Answer 14

an established and organized system of social behavior with a recognized purpose

Question 15

collective consciousness

Answer 15

acc to durkheim, the body of beliefs common to a community or society that give people a sense of belonging and a feeling of moral obligation to its demands and values

Question 16

2 types of solidarity acc to durkheim

Answer 16

mechanical: unity based on similarity, not difference, of roles. common in nonindustrialized societies
organic: aka contractual, unity based on role differentiation, not similarity. industrialized societies.
organic solidarity -> division of labor

Question 17

gemeinschaft

Answer 17

German for community. acc to Tönnies, a state characterized by a sense of common feeling among the members of a society, including strong personal ties, sturdy primary group memberships, and a sense of personal loyalty to one another; associated with rural life. similarity and unity bond the gemeinschaft society

Question 18

gesellschaft

Answer 18

acc to Tönnies, a type of society in which increasing importance is placed on the secondary relationships that are less intimate and more instrumental. complexity and differentiation are what make the gesellschaft cohesive

Question 19

group

Answer 19

a collection of individuals who interact and communicate, share goals and norms, and who have a subjective awareness as “we.”

Question 20

social categories

Answer 20

different than groups, these are collections of ppl based on one or more shared characteristics

Question 21

status inconsistency

Answer 21

exists when the different statuses occupied by the individual bring with them significantly different amounts of prestige. example: immigrants/refugees with higher status occupations back home who are forced to take lower status occupations

Question 22

social exchange model

Answer 22

our interactions are determined by the rewards or punishments that we receive from others.