quiz 4 Flashcards
folkways
general standards of behavior adhered to by a group, the ordinary customs of different group cultures. loosely defined and loosely followed. ex: way you dress
mores
strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior. Mores provide strict codes of behavior, such as the injunctions, legal and religious, against killing others and committing adultery. often upheld through laws (formalized mores) violating mores can bring serious consequences
taboos
behaviors that bring the most serious sanctions. example: women is radical islamist cultures going out w/o headcovering
ethnomethodology
theoretical approach in sociology based on the idea that you can discover the normal social order through disrupting it
dominant culture
culture of the most powerful group in a society. believed to be “The” culture of a society
subculture
cultures of groups whose values and norms of behavior differ to some degree from those of the dominant culture
culture
All of the knowledge & things that members of a society share. Shared way of life
culture is made up of
material and nonmaterial culture
material culture:
Tangible culture, ie food, musical instruments, architecture, clothing, hair styles, weaponry, jewelry, art…
The key element is TOOLS
nonmaterial culture:
AKA symbolic culture, made up of language, values, traditions, heritage, religion, music, etc.
key element is LANGUAGE, bc language allows ppl to create and use symbols
culture couldn’t exist w/o…
language
which came first, material or nonmaterial culture
material culture. it shapes the nonmaterial
Values
ideas abt whats good/bad, right/wrong
norms
expectations of behavior
values influence norms, norms reflect values
sanctions
Rewards (continue behavior) or punishments (stop your behavior), reinforce values and norms
culture shock
when we’re exposed to culture unlike our own, feeling of disorientation.
cultural relativism
Opposite of ethnocentrism. Trying to understand cultures on their own terms w/o bias
ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures according to your own culture’s standards
countercultures
subcultures created as a reaction against the values of the dominant culture. Members of the counterculture reject the dominant cultural values, often for political or moral reasons, and develop cultural practices that explicitly defy the norms and values of the dominant group. nonconformity to dom culture is hallmark
cultural leveling
flattening out of culture, more same
cultural diffusion
blending of cultures, something new is created
