quiz 2

Question 1

how do we come to know what we know in everyday life?

Answer 1

• tradition, authority, personal experience
• tradition and authority acct for most knowledge
• all biased

Question 2

goals of science

Answer 2

• explanation
• generalization
• prediction

Question 3

scientific continuum

Answer 3

• theory systematic methods

- theories create methods, (data gathered from) methods create theories

Question 4

2 types of sociology

Answer 4

• basic: knowledge for sake of knowledge
• applied: action and advocacy oriented = USED to solve problems
• (public: explaining to the masses)

Question 5

2 levels of analysis

Answer 5

• micro: Looking at small scale patterns, like communication (symbols given meaning), social interaction.
• macro: Looking at large scale patterns, like structures and institutions

Question 6

origins of sociology

Answer 6

• Created in response to massive social upheaval of early 1800s
• Industrialization - new industrial economy starts 1750
• Urbanization - Growth of cities
• Political change → ways of thinking (Hobbs, Locke, Adam Smith) → individualism

Question 7

first “sociologist”

Answer 7

• august comte, coined the term
• Tried to apply scientific method to social life to create reform, but didn’t really. “armchair sociologist”/social philosopher

Question 8

herbert spencer

Answer 8

• 2nd founder of sociology
• english social darwinist, individualist. “survival of the fittest”
• Popular with the capitalists because it alleviated their guilt

Question 9

1st REAL sociologist

Answer 9

EMILE DURKHEIM

• Research (scientific method) - SUICIDE (rates) attributed to level of social integration
• > Anomie: Breakdown of integrating forces, state of normlessness
• > Overly integrated (like cults)
• taught sociology at college, got it recognized as a distinct discipline

Question 10

karl marx

Answer 10

• Economic determinist - how does the economic system determine social relationships
• Interested not just in reform, but massive social change. Capitalism sets up inequality and class conflict is inevitable
• Root of social change is lass conflict b/w proletariat and bourgeoisie

Question 11

max weber

Answer 11

• Built off of Marx, divided society into economic, political, and cultural dimensions
• The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism
• > Social change is result of religion