Quiz 7 Flashcards
release energy through breakdown of complex molecules
catabolic/exergonic
gain of electron
reduction
loss of electron
oxidation
NAD+ –> NADH, NAD+ __ electrons and __ energy
gains electrons; loses energy
oxidation __ energy, reduction __ energy
loses energy; gains energy
cellular respiration is catabolic, always requiring oxygen
false
glycolysis takes place in __, krebs takes place in __
cytosol; mitochondrial matrix
in glycolysis, ATP is produced by
substrate level phosphorylation
most ATP is produced in
oxidative phosphorylation
glycolysis produces 2 ATP from each glucose
true
krebs begins when __ enters the cycle
acetyl CoA
last reaction in krebs produces
a product that’s a substrate for the first reaction in krebs
partial degredation of sugars w/o oxygen
fermentation
catabolic pathway of mostly aerobic and some anaerobic respiration; breaks down organic molecules and uses electron transport chain to produce ATP
cellular respiration
difference between anaerobic and fermentation
both use molecules other than oxygen to carry out reactions
fermentation doesn’t use an electron transport chain and krebs
what is oxidized in CR? what is reduced?
glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced
what is NAD+?
coenzyme, electron acceptor, oxidizing agent, reduced into NADH
where do the 3 stages of CR occur?
glycolysis = cytoplasm; krebs = mitochondrial matrix; electron transport chain = cristae
what’s substrate level phosphorylation and where does it occur?
transfer of phosphate group from a substrate onto ADP, producing ATP; occurs in glycolysis and krebs
oxidative phosphorylation?
production of ATP at expense of proton motive force formed by electron transport chain; occurs in electron transport chain
what happens during glycolysis?
glucose breaks down into 2 molecules of pyruvate
start and end products of glycolysis
start: glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
end: 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
what are 2 stages of glycolysis?
energy investment and payoff phase
what happens to pyruvate in anaorobic?
undergoes fermentation
how are glycolysis and krebs linked?
pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA used in krebs
start and end molecules of krebs
start: 2 acetyl CoA
end: 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, 6 NADH, CO2
purpose of electron transport chain
pump protons into the intermembrane space
main purpose of fermentation?
regenerates NAD+ and is important for glycolysis to continue of oxygen runs out
what are 2 types of fermentation?
alcohol: converts pyruvate into ethanol
lactic acid: reduces pyruvate by NADH to form lactate
what’s the most common mechanism for metabolic control?
feedback inhibition: inhibits enzyme early
importance of ATP in controlling catabolism
if ATP concentration drops, rate of respiration increases, vice versa
start and end of electron transport chain
start: NADH and FADH2
end: 32 ATP and water
what is proton motive force?
energized state of membrane caused by H+ gradient formed through electron transport chain
what is chemiosmosis?
movement of H+ from high to low concentration
what does oxidative phosphorylation require?
ATP synthase
what does a larger inner membrane area do?
increases surface area for oxidative phosphorylation
