chapter 10 Flashcards
process of converting light energy into chemical energy
photosynthesis
what is light energy caught by?
chlorophyll
what causes the release of oxygen?
splitting of water molecules
what does the calvin cycle require?
ATP, CO2, NADPH
what is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
photosynthesis stores energy, and CR releases energy
where does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplasts
what makes their own energy?
autotrophs
what consumes other organisms for energy?
heterotrophs
organisms that use light to synthesize
photoautotrophs
major site of photosynthesis
leaves
where are chloroplasts found
mesophyll (interior tissue of leaf)
where does gas exchange occur
stomata
what is the structure of chloroplasts?
stroma: dense fluid
thylakoids: sacs containing chlorophyll
grana: stacks of thylakoid
what is photosynthesis
endergonic
2 stages of photosynthesis
light reactions and calvin cycle
ADP to ATP; proton motive force generated across thylakoid membrane
photophosphorylation
range of visible light
380nm-750nm
electrons absorb energy from light, going from stable to unstable
excited state
reaction center complex surrounded by light harvesting complexes
photosystem
describe light reactions
converts solar into chemical
occurs in thylakoids
starts with water and light energy, ends with ATP and NADPH
what is the first step of light reactions?
the solar-powered transfer of electrons from chlorophyll a to primary electron acceptor
2 types of photosystem
PSII: occurs first (680nm)
PSI (700nm)
difference between linear and cyclic electron flow
linear: produces ATP and NADPH
cyclic: only ATP
what evolved first
cyclic
calvin cycle is
light-independent, anabolic, occurs in stroma, forms sugars
3 phases of calvin cycle
carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration
building material of chromosomes
chromatin
