quiz 6: sympathetics Flashcards
1
Q
at what levels are they located
A
T1-L2 or L3
2
Q
where do they exit
A
anterior rootlets
3
Q
what does it follow
A
anterior primary ramus
4
Q
what does it enter
A
sympathetic trunk via the white ramus communicans
5
Q
where do they synapse
A
on postganglionic cells in ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
6
Q
preganglionic fibers are carried in what nerves
A
splanchnic nerves
7
Q
where do splanchnic nerves synapse
A
prevertebral plexuses
8
Q
preganglionic fibers release
A
Ach
9
Q
what makes up the sympathetic trunk
A
2 paravertebral columns of interconnected ganglia
10
Q
where does the sympathetic trunk extend to
A
superior cervical ganglion inferior to ganglion impar
11
Q
how many ganglia are in each trunk
A
21 or 22
12
Q
how many cervical ganglia are there
A
3
13
Q
how many thoracic ganglia are there
A
11
14
Q
how many lumbar ganglia are there
A
4
15
Q
how many sacral ganglia are there
A
4
16
Q
where is the sympathetic trunk located
A
posterior to the carotid sheath and anterior to the ribs
17
Q
where does the trunk eventually rest
A
on the lateral aspect of the vertebral bodies in the lower thoracic and lumbar areas
18
Q
where does the cervical trunk lie
A
between the carotid sheath and the longus Colli and capitis muscles
19
Q
are there white rami communicans in the cervical trunk
A
no
20
Q
are there gray rami communicans in the cervical trunk
A
yes
21
Q
the inferior cervical ganglion may fuse with what
A
the first thoracic ganglion to form stellate ganglion
22
Q
what is the largest cervical ganglion
A
superior
23
Q
what forms the superior cervical ganglion
A
the union of the upper 4 cervical ganglia
24
Q
where is the superior cervical ganglion located
A
C2-C3 between the carotid sheath and longus capitis
25
where are postganglionic fibers located
anterior, medial, or lateral branches
26
what are the lateral branches
gray rami communicans
27
what do the lateral branches communicate with
anterior primary rami of C1-C4
28
where do the medial branches travel
larynx, pharynx, and heart
29
what are the branches to the heart
superior cardiac nerves
30
what do the superior cardiac nerves carry
efferent information only
31
what do the anterior branches follow
common and external carotid arteries
32
what do the anterior branches innervate
blood vessels that supply structures inside and outside the skull
33
what is the smallest cervical ganglion
middle
34
where is the middle cervical ganglion located
C6
35
what does the middle cervical ganglion communicate with
anterior primary rami of C5 and C6 nerves via gray rami communicans
36
where do the thyroid branches reach
thyroid and parathyroid glands
37
what is the function of the thyroid branches
vasomotor
38
cardiac branches make up the
middle cardiac nerves
39
the middle cardiac nerves contribute to the
deep part of the cardiac plexus
40
where does the inferior cervical ganglion lie
C7 TVP and neck of the first rib
41
what does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with
anterior primary rami of C7 and C8 nerves via gray rami communicans
42
where do the cardiac branches travel as
inferior cardiac nerves
43
where do the inferior cervical ganglion branches go
subclavian artery to form plexuses
44
where are thoracic ganglia located in the superior thorax
anterior to rib heads
45
where are thoracic ganglia located in the inferior thorax
lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies
46
what do the upper 5 thoracic ganglia supply
structures in the thoracic cavity
47
what do the upper thoracic ganglia carry
postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents
48
what do the lower thoracic and splanchnic nerves carry
preganglionic fibers to plexuses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities
49
what forms the greater splanchnic nerve
5th-9th ganglia
50
where does the greater splanchnic nerve end
in the celiac ganglion
51
what forms the lesser splanchnic nerve
9th and 10th or 10th and 11th ganglia
52
where does the lesser splanchnic nerve end
aorticorenal ganglion
53
what forms the least splanchnic nerve
12th ganglion
54
where does the least splanchnic nerve end
renal plexus
55
where does the lumbar trunk lie
in the retroperitoneal space on the lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebral bodies
56
what do the lumbar preganglionic axons surround
the abdominal aorta
57
where does the sacral trunk lie
on the anterior aspect of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina
58
how is the ganglion impair formed
2 trunks travel medially and meet on the anterior surface of the coccyx
59
where do preganglionic axons travel from the T1-L2 cord levels to
enter the sympathetic trunk
60
what fibers will ascend
T1-T5
61
what fibers will descend
T5-L2
62
what axons carry information to the head
T1 and T2
63
where do T1 and T2 axons synapse
superior cervical ganglion
64
what axons influence the heart
T1-T4
65
what are the pathways of the axons that influence the heart
1. ascend to cervical ganglia
| 2. pass directly to the heart
66
what axons influence the lungs
T2-T4
67
where do axons the influence the lugs synapse
2nd, 3rd, and 4th thoracic ganglia
68
the upper extremities carry (pre/post) -ganglionic fibers
pre
69
what nerves supply the upper extremities
T3-T7
70
the nerves that supply the upper extremities ascend to where
the middle and inferior cervical ganglia
71
what fibers influence the abdominal viscera
T5-T12
72
where do the abdominal viscera nerves synapse
lower thoracic ganglia
73
where are the abdominal viscera nerves carried
in the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves
74
what fibers influence the pelvic viscera
T10-L2
75
where do the pelvic viscera fibers descend to
ganglia in the lower thoracic, lumbar and pelvic areas
76
are pre or post ganglionic fibers carried in the lower extremities
pre
77
what nerves supply the lower extremities
T10-L2
78
where do T10-L2 nerves synapse
second lumbar-fourth sacral ganglia
79
how are fibers carried from the sympathetic trunk
1. nerves
2. blood vessels
3. direct branches
80
sympathetic fibers carry pre or post ganglionic fibers
post
81
what are the postganglionic sympathetic fibers
1. vasoconstrictor
2. sudomotor
3. motor to erector pili
82
what are the functions of the direct branches to the viscera
constrict blood vessels, dilate bronchial tree, stimulate glandular secretion, dilate the pupils, inhibit digestive activity
83
a ___ is associated with each cervical spinal nerve
gray ramus communicans
84
where does the superior cervical ganglion send branches to
glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal and auricular), hypoglossal nerve
85
what branch from the cervical sympathetic trunk accompanies blood vessels
internal carotid nerve
86
what nerve is a branch from the superior cervical ganglion
internal carotid
87
what is the pathway of the internal carotid nerve
enters the cranial cavity with the internal carotid artery and divides into medial and lateral branches
88
the lateral internal carotid nerve forms the
internal carotid plexus
89
where does the lateral internal carotid nerve's branches terminate
on blood vessels inside the skull
90
communication with the ___ allows postganglionic sympathetic fibers to reach any structure within the field of distribution
trigeminal ganglion
91
what nerve supplies blood vessels to the lateral rectus
abducens
92
what fibers form the deep petrosal nerve
postganglionic
93
what nerve combines with the deep petrosal nerve
greater petrosal
94
the deep and greater petrosal nerves form what
nerve of the pterygoid canal
95
what does the nerve of the pterygoid canal supply
lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and some pharyngeal glands
96
what do the caroticotympanic nerves combine to form
tympanic plexus
97
what does the tympanic plexus supply
glands and blood vessels of the middle ear
98
what does the medial internal carotid nerve form
the cavernous plexus
99
where is the cavernous plexus located
within the cavernous sinus, alongside the sella turcica
100
what do fibers travel through to supply the eyeball
ciliary ganglion
101
what do the ciliary ganglion fibers supply
ciliaris and dilator pupillae and some muscles of the upper eyelid
102
what does the oculomotor nerve supply
oculomotor muscles
103
what does the trochlear nerve supply
blood vessels in the superior oblique
104
what do branches to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply
arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels
105
what also receives some fibers from the cavernous plexus
pituitary gland
106
what are the branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk that travel directly to visceral structures
laryngopharyngeal and cardiac branches
107
where are laryngopharyngeal branches from
superior cervical ganglion
108
where do cardiac branches come from
each of the cervical ganglia
109
what do the cardiac branches accompany
branches of the vagus through the cardiac plexus to the SA node
110
where are branches from the inferior cervical ganglion come from
middle cervical ganglion
111
what does the inferior thyroid artery supply
thyroid gland
112
how do branches from the inferior cervical ganglion supply the upper extremities
via the axillary and brachial arteries
113
what does the thoracic sympathetic trunk supply
arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels
114
ganglia 1-5 send postganglionic fibers to the
thoracic aorta
115
what do branches from the thoracic sympathetic trunk supply
visceral structures
116
what nerves supply the cardiac branches
T2-T4 ganglia
117
what is the function of the cardiac plexus
increase heart rate, dilate coronary arteries
118
what supplies the pulmonary branches
T2-T4 ganglia
119
what do the pulmonary branches supply
pleura, smooth muscle, and blood vessels of the lungs
120
greater splanchnic nerve contains fibers from the
T5-T9 or T10 ganglia
121
what does the greater splanchnic nerve supply
esophagus, and thoracic aorta above the diaphragm
122
how are greater splanchnic nerve fibers transmitted
through the gastric, hepatic, and superior mesenteric plexuses via the celiac plexus
123
what does the celiac plexus supply
abdominal viscera
124
lesser splanchnic nerves contain fibers from the
T9 or T10-T11 ganglia
125
what does the lesser splanchnic nerve supply
same as greater splanchnic, as well as the suprarenal glands
126
the least splanchnic nerve contains preganglionic fibers from the
lowest thoracic ganglia
127
what does the least splanchnic nerve supply
kidneys through the renal plexus
128
what do the lumbar sympathetic trunk fibers supply
arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels
129
lumbar arteries and the abdominal aorta reach as far down as the
median sacral and common iliac arteries
130
what does the lumbar sympathetic trunk travel directly to
visceral structures
131
lumbar splanchnic nerves supply
pelvic viscera via the superior and inferior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses
132
what do the sacral and coccygeal nerve fibers supply
arrector pili, sweat glands and blood vessels
133
vascular branches of the sacral trunk follow the
median sacral artery
134
what does the sacral trunk fibers travel to
visceral structures
135
sacral splanchnic nerves supply
pelvic viscera
