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PNS quizzes > quiz 6: sympathetics > Flashcards

quiz 6: sympathetics Flashcards

1
Q

at what levels are they located

A

T1-L2 or L3

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2
Q

where do they exit

A

anterior rootlets

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3
Q

what does it follow

A

anterior primary ramus

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4
Q

what does it enter

A

sympathetic trunk via the white ramus communicans

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5
Q

where do they synapse

A

on postganglionic cells in ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

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6
Q

preganglionic fibers are carried in what nerves

A

splanchnic nerves

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7
Q

where do splanchnic nerves synapse

A

prevertebral plexuses

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8
Q

preganglionic fibers release

A

Ach

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9
Q

what makes up the sympathetic trunk

A

2 paravertebral columns of interconnected ganglia

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10
Q

where does the sympathetic trunk extend to

A

superior cervical ganglion inferior to ganglion impar

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11
Q

how many ganglia are in each trunk

A

21 or 22

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12
Q

how many cervical ganglia are there

A

3

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13
Q

how many thoracic ganglia are there

A

11

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14
Q

how many lumbar ganglia are there

A

4

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15
Q

how many sacral ganglia are there

A

4

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16
Q

where is the sympathetic trunk located

A

posterior to the carotid sheath and anterior to the ribs

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17
Q

where does the trunk eventually rest

A

on the lateral aspect of the vertebral bodies in the lower thoracic and lumbar areas

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18
Q

where does the cervical trunk lie

A

between the carotid sheath and the longus Colli and capitis muscles

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19
Q

are there white rami communicans in the cervical trunk

A

no

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20
Q

are there gray rami communicans in the cervical trunk

A

yes

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21
Q

the inferior cervical ganglion may fuse with what

A

the first thoracic ganglion to form stellate ganglion

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22
Q

what is the largest cervical ganglion

A

superior

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23
Q

what forms the superior cervical ganglion

A

the union of the upper 4 cervical ganglia

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24
Q

where is the superior cervical ganglion located

A

C2-C3 between the carotid sheath and longus capitis

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25
Q

where are postganglionic fibers located

A

anterior, medial, or lateral branches

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26
Q

what are the lateral branches

A

gray rami communicans

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27
Q

what do the lateral branches communicate with

A

anterior primary rami of C1-C4

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28
Q

where do the medial branches travel

A

larynx, pharynx, and heart

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29
Q

what are the branches to the heart

A

superior cardiac nerves

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30
Q

what do the superior cardiac nerves carry

A

efferent information only

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31
Q

what do the anterior branches follow

A

common and external carotid arteries

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32
Q

what do the anterior branches innervate

A

blood vessels that supply structures inside and outside the skull

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33
Q

what is the smallest cervical ganglion

A

middle

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34
Q

where is the middle cervical ganglion located

A

C6

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35
Q

what does the middle cervical ganglion communicate with

A

anterior primary rami of C5 and C6 nerves via gray rami communicans

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36
Q

where do the thyroid branches reach

A

thyroid and parathyroid glands

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37
Q

what is the function of the thyroid branches

A

vasomotor

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38
Q

cardiac branches make up the

A

middle cardiac nerves

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39
Q

the middle cardiac nerves contribute to the

A

deep part of the cardiac plexus

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40
Q

where does the inferior cervical ganglion lie

A

C7 TVP and neck of the first rib

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41
Q

what does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with

A

anterior primary rami of C7 and C8 nerves via gray rami communicans

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42
Q

where do the cardiac branches travel as

A

inferior cardiac nerves

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43
Q

where do the inferior cervical ganglion branches go

A

subclavian artery to form plexuses

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44
Q

where are thoracic ganglia located in the superior thorax

A

anterior to rib heads

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45
Q

where are thoracic ganglia located in the inferior thorax

A

lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies

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46
Q

what do the upper 5 thoracic ganglia supply

A

structures in the thoracic cavity

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47
Q

what do the upper thoracic ganglia carry

A

postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents

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48
Q

what do the lower thoracic and splanchnic nerves carry

A

preganglionic fibers to plexuses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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49
Q

what forms the greater splanchnic nerve

A

5th-9th ganglia

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50
Q

where does the greater splanchnic nerve end

A

in the celiac ganglion

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51
Q

what forms the lesser splanchnic nerve

A

9th and 10th or 10th and 11th ganglia

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52
Q

where does the lesser splanchnic nerve end

A

aorticorenal ganglion

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53
Q

what forms the least splanchnic nerve

A

12th ganglion

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54
Q

where does the least splanchnic nerve end

A

renal plexus

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55
Q

where does the lumbar trunk lie

A

in the retroperitoneal space on the lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebral bodies

56
Q

what do the lumbar preganglionic axons surround

A

the abdominal aorta

57
Q

where does the sacral trunk lie

A

on the anterior aspect of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina

58
Q

how is the ganglion impair formed

A

2 trunks travel medially and meet on the anterior surface of the coccyx

59
Q

where do preganglionic axons travel from the T1-L2 cord levels to

A

enter the sympathetic trunk

60
Q

what fibers will ascend

A

T1-T5

61
Q

what fibers will descend

A

T5-L2

62
Q

what axons carry information to the head

A

T1 and T2

63
Q

where do T1 and T2 axons synapse

A

superior cervical ganglion

64
Q

what axons influence the heart

A

T1-T4

65
Q

what are the pathways of the axons that influence the heart

A
  1. ascend to cervical ganglia

2. pass directly to the heart

66
Q

what axons influence the lungs

A

T2-T4

67
Q

where do axons the influence the lugs synapse

A

2nd, 3rd, and 4th thoracic ganglia

68
Q

the upper extremities carry (pre/post) -ganglionic fibers

A

pre

69
Q

what nerves supply the upper extremities

A

T3-T7

70
Q

the nerves that supply the upper extremities ascend to where

A

the middle and inferior cervical ganglia

71
Q

what fibers influence the abdominal viscera

A

T5-T12

72
Q

where do the abdominal viscera nerves synapse

A

lower thoracic ganglia

73
Q

where are the abdominal viscera nerves carried

A

in the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves

74
Q

what fibers influence the pelvic viscera

A

T10-L2

75
Q

where do the pelvic viscera fibers descend to

A

ganglia in the lower thoracic, lumbar and pelvic areas

76
Q

are pre or post ganglionic fibers carried in the lower extremities

A

pre

77
Q

what nerves supply the lower extremities

A

T10-L2

78
Q

where do T10-L2 nerves synapse

A

second lumbar-fourth sacral ganglia

79
Q

how are fibers carried from the sympathetic trunk

A
  1. nerves
  2. blood vessels
  3. direct branches
80
Q

sympathetic fibers carry pre or post ganglionic fibers

A

post

81
Q

what are the postganglionic sympathetic fibers

A
  1. vasoconstrictor
  2. sudomotor
  3. motor to erector pili
82
Q

what are the functions of the direct branches to the viscera

A

constrict blood vessels, dilate bronchial tree, stimulate glandular secretion, dilate the pupils, inhibit digestive activity

83
Q

a ___ is associated with each cervical spinal nerve

A

gray ramus communicans

84
Q

where does the superior cervical ganglion send branches to

A

glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal and auricular), hypoglossal nerve

85
Q

what branch from the cervical sympathetic trunk accompanies blood vessels

A

internal carotid nerve

86
Q

what nerve is a branch from the superior cervical ganglion

A

internal carotid

87
Q

what is the pathway of the internal carotid nerve

A

enters the cranial cavity with the internal carotid artery and divides into medial and lateral branches

88
Q

the lateral internal carotid nerve forms the

A

internal carotid plexus

89
Q

where does the lateral internal carotid nerve’s branches terminate

A

on blood vessels inside the skull

90
Q

communication with the ___ allows postganglionic sympathetic fibers to reach any structure within the field of distribution

A

trigeminal ganglion

91
Q

what nerve supplies blood vessels to the lateral rectus

A

abducens

92
Q

what fibers form the deep petrosal nerve

A

postganglionic

93
Q

what nerve combines with the deep petrosal nerve

A

greater petrosal

94
Q

the deep and greater petrosal nerves form what

A

nerve of the pterygoid canal

95
Q

what does the nerve of the pterygoid canal supply

A

lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and some pharyngeal glands

96
Q

what do the caroticotympanic nerves combine to form

A

tympanic plexus

97
Q

what does the tympanic plexus supply

A

glands and blood vessels of the middle ear

98
Q

what does the medial internal carotid nerve form

A

the cavernous plexus

99
Q

where is the cavernous plexus located

A

within the cavernous sinus, alongside the sella turcica

100
Q

what do fibers travel through to supply the eyeball

A

ciliary ganglion

101
Q

what do the ciliary ganglion fibers supply

A

ciliaris and dilator pupillae and some muscles of the upper eyelid

102
Q

what does the oculomotor nerve supply

A

oculomotor muscles

103
Q

what does the trochlear nerve supply

A

blood vessels in the superior oblique

104
Q

what do branches to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply

A

arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels

105
Q

what also receives some fibers from the cavernous plexus

A

pituitary gland

106
Q

what are the branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk that travel directly to visceral structures

A

laryngopharyngeal and cardiac branches

107
Q

where are laryngopharyngeal branches from

A

superior cervical ganglion

108
Q

where do cardiac branches come from

A

each of the cervical ganglia

109
Q

what do the cardiac branches accompany

A

branches of the vagus through the cardiac plexus to the SA node

110
Q

where are branches from the inferior cervical ganglion come from

A

middle cervical ganglion

111
Q

what does the inferior thyroid artery supply

A

thyroid gland

112
Q

how do branches from the inferior cervical ganglion supply the upper extremities

A

via the axillary and brachial arteries

113
Q

what does the thoracic sympathetic trunk supply

A

arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels

114
Q

ganglia 1-5 send postganglionic fibers to the

A

thoracic aorta

115
Q

what do branches from the thoracic sympathetic trunk supply

A

visceral structures

116
Q

what nerves supply the cardiac branches

A

T2-T4 ganglia

117
Q

what is the function of the cardiac plexus

A

increase heart rate, dilate coronary arteries

118
Q

what supplies the pulmonary branches

A

T2-T4 ganglia

119
Q

what do the pulmonary branches supply

A

pleura, smooth muscle, and blood vessels of the lungs

120
Q

greater splanchnic nerve contains fibers from the

A

T5-T9 or T10 ganglia

121
Q

what does the greater splanchnic nerve supply

A

esophagus, and thoracic aorta above the diaphragm

122
Q

how are greater splanchnic nerve fibers transmitted

A

through the gastric, hepatic, and superior mesenteric plexuses via the celiac plexus

123
Q

what does the celiac plexus supply

A

abdominal viscera

124
Q

lesser splanchnic nerves contain fibers from the

A

T9 or T10-T11 ganglia

125
Q

what does the lesser splanchnic nerve supply

A

same as greater splanchnic, as well as the suprarenal glands

126
Q

the least splanchnic nerve contains preganglionic fibers from the

A

lowest thoracic ganglia

127
Q

what does the least splanchnic nerve supply

A

kidneys through the renal plexus

128
Q

what do the lumbar sympathetic trunk fibers supply

A

arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels

129
Q

lumbar arteries and the abdominal aorta reach as far down as the

A

median sacral and common iliac arteries

130
Q

what does the lumbar sympathetic trunk travel directly to

A

visceral structures

131
Q

lumbar splanchnic nerves supply

A

pelvic viscera via the superior and inferior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses

132
Q

what do the sacral and coccygeal nerve fibers supply

A

arrector pili, sweat glands and blood vessels

133
Q

vascular branches of the sacral trunk follow the

A

median sacral artery

134
Q

what does the sacral trunk fibers travel to

A

visceral structures

135
Q

sacral splanchnic nerves supply

A

pelvic viscera

PNS quizzes (7 decks)

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