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PNS quizzes > quiz 1: CNs 1 and 2 > Flashcards

quiz 1: CNs 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

CN 1 is called the ___ nerve

A

olfactory

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2
Q

primary sensory neurons are called ___

A

olfactory neurons

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3
Q

olfactory neurons are ___

A

bipolar

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4
Q

where are olfactory neurons found?

A

olfactory epithelium lining the superior part of the nasal cavity

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5
Q

what covers the olfactory epithelium?

A

a thin layer of mucus

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6
Q

what supports olfactory neurons?

A

supporting cells

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7
Q

what functions as receptors?

A

hairs

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8
Q

are olfactory neuron axons myelinated?

A

no, but covered by Schwann cells

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9
Q

where do olfactory nerves pass through?

A

cribriform plate

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10
Q

what is the pathway of olfactory nerves?

A

olfactory bulb-> synapse on dendrites of mitral cells

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11
Q

what are formed at the synapses?

A

synaptic glomeruli

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12
Q

what are the secondary sensory neurons?

A

mitral cells

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13
Q

where are mitral cell’s cell bodies located?

A

in the olfactory bulb

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14
Q

how do mitral cells relay information?

A

via the olfactory tract

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15
Q

where do tract fibers split?

A

at the anterior perforated substance

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16
Q

do medial stria fibers cross the midline?

A

yes, via the anterior commissure

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17
Q

where do medial stria fibers travel to?

A

the opposite olfactory bulb

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18
Q

where do lateral stria fibers carry information to?

A

primary olfactory cortex

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19
Q

where specifically do lateral stria fibers carry information to?

A

periamygdaloid and prepiriform area, and the uncus (BA 34)

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20
Q

what is considered part of the secondary olfactory cortex?

A

entorhinal area

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21
Q

how many neurons does it take to go from the receptor to the cortex?

A

2

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22
Q

what structure doesn’t have a synapse?

A

thalamus

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23
Q

info about the terminal nerve

A

from nasal septum; autonomic

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24
Q

info about the vomeronasal nerve

A

poorly developed in humans; important for tracking prey

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25
Q

what is the term for loss of smell

A

anosmia

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26
Q

when you have CSF dripping from your nose, what can that be an indicator of?

A

skull fracture

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27
Q

what is the name for CN 2?

A

optic nerve

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28
Q

how many layers does the eye have?

A

3

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29
Q

what is the outermost layer of the eye?

A

fibrous tunic

30
Q

what does the fibrous tunic consist of?

A

sclera and cornea

31
Q

what is a continuation of the sclera?

A

cornea

32
Q

what is the middle layer of the eye?

A

vascular tunic

33
Q

what does the vascular tunic consist of?

A

ciliary body, iris, choroid

34
Q

what is the innermost layer of the eye?

A

retina

35
Q

what layer of the retina is adjacent to the choroid?

A

pigmented layer

36
Q

what layer of the retina is photosensitive?

A

outer segment-> rods and cones

37
Q

what layer of the retina is between the outer segment and outer nuclear layers?

A

external limiting membrane

38
Q

which layer of the retina contains rod and cone cell bodies?

A

outer nuclear layer

39
Q

which layer of the retina contains rod and cone and bipolar cell synapses?

A

outer plexiform layer

40
Q

which layer of the retina contains cell bodies of bipolar cells?

A

inner nuclear layer

41
Q

which layer of the retina contains bipolar cells and ganglion cells synapses?

A

inner plexiform layer

42
Q

which layer of the retina contains ganglion cells?

A

ganglion cell layer

43
Q

which layer of the retina contains unmyelinated retinal ganglion cell axons?

A

nerve fiber layer

44
Q

which layer of the retina is a glial boundary separating the retina from the vitreous body?

A

internal limiting membrane

45
Q

which layer of the retina contains cones and is where a retina would detach?

A

internal limiting membrane

46
Q

which receives color information: rods or cones?

A

cones

47
Q

what makes cones most functional?

A

adequate lighting

48
Q

what is the name of the point where you can see most clearly?

A

fovea centralis

49
Q

which can only sense light and dark: rods or cones?

A

rods

50
Q

are there rods in the fovea centralis?

A

no

51
Q

depolarized photoreceptors relay information to bipolar cells by synapsing in the ___

A

outer plexiform layer

52
Q

bipolar cell bodies are found in the ___

A

inner nuclear layer

53
Q

bipolar cells relay information to ___

A

ganglion cells

54
Q

bipolar cell and ganglion cell synapses occur in the ___

A

inner plexiform layer

55
Q

axons from ganglion cells are conveyed in the nerve fiber layer toward the ___

A

optic disc

56
Q

what are the axons carried in after leaving the eyeball?

A

optic nerve

57
Q

where do optic nerves enter the skull?

A

optic canal-> unites to form the optic chiasma

58
Q

are nerve fiber layer axons myelinated?

A

no

59
Q

are optic nerve axons myelinated?

A

yes

60
Q

what cells form the myelin?

A

interfascicular oligodendrocytes

61
Q

in the optic chiasma, fibers from the ___ side of each retina will cross

A

medial

62
Q

optic chiasma fibers split to form the ___

A

optic tracts

63
Q

what does the optic tract travel around?

A

cerebral peduncles

64
Q

where do the optic tracts fibers synapse on?

A

lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus, pretectal nucleus of the midbrain

65
Q

from the lateral geniculate body, where are fibers relayed?

A

cerebral cortex in BA 17

66
Q

what muscles are influenced by the tectospinal tract?

A

trapezius and SCM

67
Q

fibers in the pretectal nucleus deal with ___

A

light reflexes

68
Q

what is affected when there is a lesion in the optic nerve?

A

depth perception

69
Q

what is affected by a lesion in the optic chiasma?

A

tunnel vision

70
Q

what is caused by a lesion in the optic tract?

A

loss of half of visual field

71
Q

visual reflexes: afferent only, efferent only, or both?

A

afferent only

72
Q

what are some visual reflexes?

A

direct and consensual light reflexes, accommodation reflex, corneal reflex, convergence

PNS quizzes (7 decks)

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