Quiz 6- Categories and Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Define attention

A

Helps focus finite mental resources on key parts of active scene

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2
Q

Define memory

A

Recalls certain thoughts and behaviours appropriate to current needs

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3
Q

How do we quickly process incoming stiumuli

A

We organize them into categories

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4
Q

3 characteristics of categorization

A
  • seamless
  • ever occuring
  • intuitive
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5
Q

What are the 3 functions of categorization

A

Classification, understanding, communication

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6
Q

Define classification

A

Ability to treat dissimilar objects together in the same group

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7
Q

Example of classification

A

Variation between red, green and yellow apples are all classified as apples

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8
Q

Define understanding

A

Ability to evaluate a situation and act appropriately based on previous experience

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9
Q

Example of understanding

A

Two people fighting as private conflict, we understand they don’t need our opinion

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10
Q

Define illusion of the expert

A

The feeling that a task must be simple for everyone because it is simple for oneself

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11
Q

Example of illusion of the expert

A

Tying shoes is easy for you, but difficult for a kid

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12
Q

What did Lee Brooks ask his students

A

To categorize what defines furniture

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13
Q

Do rules represent categorization?

A

No, humans have internal representation of categories which are independent of explicit rules to define membership

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14
Q

Define the prototype theory

A

We categorize objects by comparing them to an internal “best” representation of a given category

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15
Q

Give example of the prototype theory

A

When a fruit is mentioned you think of apples, when flowers are mentioned you think of roses

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16
Q

Do prototypes always exist?

A

No, they represent an average of all personal experience

17
Q

What does prototype theory rely on?

A

Internal category representation

18
Q

What can’t the prototype theory explain?

A

Why internal representations change over time

19
Q

Define exemplar theory

A

We categorize objects by comparing them to every previously stored experience (exemplar) in a given category

20
Q

How do diagnostics use exemplar theory categorization

A

Determine appropriate treatment for disease
- Diagnoses influenced by more recent experiences is evidence for exemplar theory

21
Q

Which theory explains simpler categorization better

A

Prototype

22
Q

Do prototype and exemplar theory explain why we respond faster to more representative objects?

A

Yes

23
Q

Can prototype theory explain why a single encounter changes categorization patterns

A

No

24
Q

Can exemplar theory explain why a single encounter changes categorization patterns

A

Yes

25
Q

What age do children identify new categories

A

3

26
Q

Do young children know that natural objects have innate properties?

A

No

27
Q

What animal was taught to classify objects with high accuracy

A

Baboons

28
Q

What explains stereotyping

A

Categorization

29
Q

Define stereotyping

A

Stereotyping assumes an entire group of people share same characteristics, traits and behaviours