Quiz 3 Prep- Instrumental conditioning Flashcards

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1
Q

Instrumental conditioning

A

Explicit training to learn the behavior between voluntary behavior and consequences

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2
Q

Examples of instrumental conditioning

A
  • Getting burned touching a hot stove
  • Messing with bull get the horns
  • Misbehave in JK causes time out
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3
Q

Who studied cats in a puzzle box

A

Edward Thorndike

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4
Q

What was the purpose of Edward Thordike’s experiment

A

To put a focus on overt behavior not mental elements or conscious experiences

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5
Q

What did Thorndike’s experiment consist of

A

placed the food outside of the cage of cat and recorded the time it took to escape

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6
Q

Did cats have conscious learning

A

No they learned from trial and error

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7
Q

Define the law of effect

A

Behaviors with positive consequences are stamped in and those with negative consequences are stamped out

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8
Q

What’s another name for instrumental conditioning

A

Operant conditioning

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9
Q

Why is it called operant conditioning

A

Due to overt behaviors operated by the actor leading to a reinforcer

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10
Q

Define reinforcer

A

Any stimulus that is presented after a response that impacts the frequency that the response formed

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11
Q

What does reward training present

A

A positive reinforcer to encourage a behavior

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12
Q

What does punishment training present

A

A negative reinforcer to discourage a behavior

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13
Q

Why can punishment training be an issue

A

Fear and distress is inflicted onto the recipient and authority figure will become a symbol of fear and distress

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14
Q

What is the removal of a positive reinforcer called

A

Omission training

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15
Q

What needs to be presented to increase behavior

A

Positive reinforcer

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16
Q

What needs to be presented to decrease behavior

A

Negative reinforcer

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17
Q

What needs to be removed to increase behavior

A

Negative reinforcer

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18
Q

What needs to be removed to decrease behavior

A

Positive reinforcer

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19
Q

Define omission training

A

Removes a positive reinforcer to discourage bad behavior

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20
Q

Are punishment and omission training the same

A

NO

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21
Q

Define punishment

A

Presentation of a negative reinforcer to discourage unwanted behavior

22
Q

Define escape training

A

Removes a negative reinforcer to encourage a new behavior

23
Q

Example of escape training

A

Completing homework allows child to avoid chores

24
Q

How is timing relevant to behavior

A

“Punishment” and response should be close in time to form the contingency

25
Q

Define acquisition

A

Learning the contingency between the response and its consequence

26
Q

Define autoshaping

A

Learning without direct guidance

27
Q

What does autoshaping reward

A

Rewards spontaneous behaviour related to a target behaviour

28
Q

Define shaping

A

Used for behaviors that are too complex to be autoshaped

29
Q

What does shaping reward

A

Rewards successive steps towards a target behaviour

30
Q

What strategy is used in animal training

A

Shaping

31
Q

Define chaining

A

A technique used to develop a sequence of behavior, where each behavior is reinforced with the opportunity to perform the next behavior in a sequence

32
Q

Example of where chaining is used

A

Learning the alphabet

33
Q

How are shaping and chaining different

A

Shaping reinforces behavior only for improvement and chaining reinforces as long as it is done in a correct order

34
Q

Define S+/SD

A

Indicates when a contingency is valid (response= reinforcement)

35
Q

Give example of S+/SD

A

Child eating veggies at parent’s home in return for dessert

36
Q

Define S- /S delta

A

Child knows eating veggies will not result in dessert at grandma’s house

37
Q

What types of schedules can partial reinforcement follow

A

Either ratio or interval

38
Q

Define ratio schedules

A

Rewarded for every ratio of response

39
Q

Define interval schedules

A

Reward depends on last time reinforced

40
Q

Why can fixed ratio schedules be ineffective

A

The reward is too high (demanding)

41
Q

What pattern do ratio schedules follow

A

Pause and run pattern

42
Q

Describe graph of a fixed interval schedule

A

There is a low period following reinforcement to rest, before it peaks again leading up to reinforcement

43
Q

Define a variable ratio schedule

A

Response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses

44
Q

Examples of variable ratio schedule

A

Gambling and lottery tickets

45
Q

What do variable ratio schedules support

A

High response rate of behavior

46
Q

What has a higher slope, VR-40 or VR-10? And why?

A

VR-40 because V-10 gets rewarded more frequently, therefore perform better

47
Q

Define variable interval schedules

A

Reinforcement is given to a response after an unpredictable amount of time has passed (varies)

48
Q

Examples of variable interval schedules

A

Pop quizzes

49
Q

Define extinction

A

Stopping of a desired behavior once reinforcement is no longer given

50
Q

What happens once reinforcement is stopped in a continuous schedule

A

Person will be aware and stop responding immediately

51
Q

What happens once reinforcement is stopped in a partial schedule

A

Person will not immediately notice abrupt change and will most likely continue behavior

52
Q

Is continuous or partial more resistant to extinction

A

Partial