Quiz 2 Prep- Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Define classical conditioning

Answer 1

The learning of a contingency between a particular signal and a later event that are paired in time and/or space

Question 2

Who created classical conditioning

Answer 2

Ivan Pavlov

Question 3

What’s another name for classical conditioning

Answer 3

“Pavlovian” conditioning

Question 4

Define Instrumental conditioning

Answer 4

Allows us to associate actions and consequences

Question 5

Who did the famous conditioning experiment

Answer 5

Pavlov

Question 6

What did Pavlov discover in his experiment

Answer 6

Dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food

Question 7

Define contingencies

Answer 7

When one stimulus reliably predicts the presentation of another (ex seeing lightning before hearing thunder)

Question 8

What does an organism learn in a contingency

Answer 8

Difference between signal and event

Question 9

Define unconditioned stimulus

Answer 9

Unconditionally and automatically triggers a response in the absence of any learning

Question 10

What does the unconditioned stimulus trigger?

Answer 10

Unconditioned response

Question 11

Define unconditioned response

Answer 11

The response that occurs after the unconditioned stimulus and occurs naturally, prior to learning

Question 12

Define conditioned stimulus

Answer 12

Previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to trigger a response on its own
- produce a learned contingency

Question 13

Example of conditioned stimulus

Answer 13

Sight and smell of lemon becomes CS after being repeatedly paired with the US of lemon juice being placed in the mouth

Question 14

Define conditioned response

Answer 14

The response that occurs once the contingency between the CS and US has been learned

Question 15

Define acquisition

Answer 15

The process by which a contingency between a CS and US is learned

Question 16

What type of curve does the acquisition follow

Answer 16

Negatively accelerated increasing curve

Question 17

Where does most of the learning take place in forming contingencies

Answer 17

In the early trials

Question 18

How long does a contingency last

Answer 18

As long as the condition stimulus continues to be a reliable cue for the unconditioned stimulus

Question 19

What will happen if the condition stimulus is no longer reliable

Answer 19

The condition response will fade/ extinguish

Question 20

Define extinction

Answer 20

The loss of the CR when the CS no longer predicts the US
- over several trials the response becomes weaker as CS is no longer is a valid predictor

Question 21

What does the neutral stimulus become when paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 21

It will begin to elicit a response called the conditioned response, as it becomes the conditioned stimulus

Question 22

What happens to contingencies in extinction

Answer 22

Extinction leads to learning of a new inhibitory response, not unlearning of the original contingency

Question 23

Define spontaneous recovery

Answer 23

The sudden recovery of a conditional response following the rest period after extinction

Question 24

Example of spontaneous activity

Answer 24

If a child associated the sound of the ice cream truck with her mother giving her some change to get ice cream. The child may hear the truck and run to their mother for the change. However, if the mother did not have change for a few times in a row, the child might stop the behavior (extinction), but then after a couple of weeks, she hears the truck again and runs to her mother for change.

Question 25

Define spontaneous generalization

Answer 25

The process by which stimuli similar to the CS will also elicit a CR
- event similar to CS will trigger a response

Question 26

Give examples of stimulus generalization

Answer 26

A different type of bomb whistling will trigger war survivors

Question 27

How is stimulus generalization graphed

Answer 27

Graphed as a normal distribution curve where similar stimuli create close levels of fear

Question 28

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 28

Is when we learn to respond only to the original stimulus, and not to other similar stimuli

Question 29

Define phobia

Answer 29

An exaggerated, intense, and persistent fear of certain activities, things, or people

Question 30

Define implosive therapy

Answer 30

Asked to confront and imagine the phobia

Question 31

Define systematic desentization

Answer 31

Gradual therapy which works through the increasingly intense stimuli

Question 32

Define compensatory response

Answer 32

A process which counteracts a challenge to homeostasis
- lead increased drug tolerance in familiar events

Question 33

What must the conditioned stimulus always come before

Answer 33

The unconditioned stimulus

Question 34

Define CS-

Answer 34

The CS- is a CS that is paired with the absence of the US in order to elicit no UR, or corresponding CR.