Quiz 6 Flashcards
Urinary bladder
Hollow, muscular, & distensible/elastic organ
Sits on pelvic floor
Collects urine from kidneys (<500ml at a time)
Micturition (peeing) occurs @ 200ml
External urethral muscle
Striated
Surrounds urethra
Voluntary sphincter to retain urine
Innervated by pudendal nerve
Anatomy of female reproductive system
Uterine horns Ovaries Uterus Cervix Vagina Vestibule Clitoris Vulva
Cervix
Caudal portion of uterus
Vagina
Located between cervix and vestibule
Clitoris
Female homologue of penis, located in floor of vestibule near vulva
Vulva
External part of female reproductive tract
Includes the two labia
Anal sacs
Also called: sinus paranalis Pea-marble shaped Located between inner smooth & outer striated sphincter muscles Glands exist in walls Function: territorial scent marking
Prostate gland
Accessory sex gland
Completely surrounds neck of bladder & beginning of urethra
Urethra runs through center of prostate gland
urethra
Composed of: Pelvic part (within pelvis) Penile part (within penis)
Urethral crest
Lumen area of the pelvic urethra where deferent ducts open into
Glans
Bulbus glandis
Pars longa glandis
Os penis
Prepuce
Bulbus glandis
Surrounds proximal end of os penis
Corpus spongiosum tissue
Highly vascularized tissue
Swells upon thrusting (creates “coital tie” during copulation)
Pars longa glandis
Overlaps the distal half of bulbus glandis to the end
Partially encircles os penis & urethra
Separated from bulbus glandis by connective tissue
Os penis
Ventral groove, passage of urethra
Lies within the glans
Bone ends as pointed fibrocartilage, dorsal to urethral opening (protection)
Prepuce
Tubular sheath (fold of skin) reflected over glans Has fornix of prepuce
Fornix of prepuce
Internal layer reflected onto the glans
Innervation of penis
Sympathetic: hypogastric n.
Parasympathetic: pelvic n.
Sensory: pudendal n. (branch of sacral plexus)
Penis
Contains:
Root
Body
Glans
Root of penis
Formed by l. & r. crura originating at ischiatic tuberosities Composed of corpus cavernous tissue Ends at body of penis Muscles: Ichiocavernosus m. (skeletal) Retractor penis m. (smooth & striated) Bulbospongiosus m. (skeletal)
Corpus cavernous tissue
Supplied by deep a. of penis
Surrounded by tunica albuginea
Body of penis
Extends from root to glans (caudal to prepuce)
Corpus cavernosum tissue
Median septum separates l. & r. crus
Ventral groove contains corpus spongiosum tissue surrounding urethra
Flexible region
Arteries of pelvic limb
Lateral circumflex femoral a. Deep femoral a. Caudal femoral a. Caudal gluteal a. Cranial tibial a. Popliteal a. Distal caudal femoral a.
Lateral circumflex femoral a.
Innervate: cranial thigh muscles (extension of stifle: quadriceps femoris)
Nerve supply: femoral n.
Deep femoral & caudal femoral a.
Innervate: medial thigh muscles (adductors of pelvic limb: gracilis)
Nerve supply: obturator n.
Deep femoral, caudal femoral, & caudal gluteal a.
Innervate: Caudal thigh muscles (flexors & extensors of stifle/extensors of hip: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
Nerve supply: sciatic n.
Cranial tibial a.
Innervate: cranial muscles of crus (Flexors of tarsus: cranial tibial, fibularis longus; Extensor of digits: long digital extensor)
Nerve supply: common fibular n.
Located between cranial tibial and long digital extensor mm.
Popliteal & distal caudal femoral a.
Innervate: caudal muscles of crus (rotator of stifle: popliteus; extensor of tarsus: gastrocnemius; flexors of digits: superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexors
Nerve supply: tibial n.
Arteries of pelvic limb
External iliac a. -> deep femoral a. -> pudendoepigastric trunk (caudal epigastric a. & external pudendal a.) & medial circumflex femoral a.
Femoral a. -> superficial circumflex a., lateral circumflex femoral a., proximal caudal femoral a., saphenous a., descending genicular a., middle caudal femoral a., & distal caudal femoral a.
Popliteal a.
Cranial tibial a.
Nerves of pelvic limb
Lumbosacral plexus:
Obturator n.
Femoral n. -> saphenous n .
Pudendal n. -> caudal rectal n., perineal n., & dorsal n. of penis
Caudal cutaneous femoral n.
Lumbosacral trunk: caudal gluteal n., cranial gluteal n., & sciatic n.
Sciatic n. -> common fibular n. & tibial n.
Dorsal/lateral surfaces of skull
Bones: frontal & parietal bones (paired) External occipital protuberance Nuchal crest Temporal fossa Temporal bone
External occipital protuberance
Also called: sagittal crest of skull
Sagittal crest & temporal lines joining
Nuchal crest
Transition between dorsal & caudal surface of skull
Temporal fossa
Bounded:
Medially by sagittal crest
Caudally by nuchal crest
Ventrally by zygomatic process/temporal bone
Temporal bone
Zygomatic process of temporal bone (caudal to arch) Composed of: Squamous Tympanic Petrous
Mesaticephalic skull type
Average conformation
Ex. beagle, labrador
Dolichocephalic skull type
Larger/longer facial component
Ex. collie
Brachycephalic skull type
Shorter facial component
Ex. boston terrier
Facial bones
Frontal Nasal Maxilla Incisive Orbit Orbital margin Zygomatic arch Pterygopalatine fossa Fossa for lacrimal sac Infraorbital foramen
Nasal
Two bones meet at midline
Bounded by incisive & nasal bones
Brachycephalic breeds = round
Dolichocephalic breeds = oval
Maxilla
Contains upper cheek, teeth, & canine
Incisive
Contains 3 upper incisor teeth
Articulates with maxilla & nasal bones
Orbit
Cavity where eye is located 3 openings: Optic canal (optic n.) Orbital fissure (oculomotor n., trochlear n., abducent n., ophtalmic n.) Rostral alar foramen (maxillary a. & n.)
Orbital margin
Formed by frontal, lacrimal, & zygomatic bones
Zygomatic arch
Formed by maxilla, zygomatic bone, & zygomatic process of temporal bone
The arch forms the cheek bone
Arch is origin of masseter m.
Pterygopalatine fossa
Ventral to orbit Pterygoid m. arises from this fossa Caudal palatine foramen Sphenopalatine foramen Maxillary foramen
Fossa for lacrimal sac
Continued by nasolacrimal canal for the nasolacrimal duct
Infraorbital foramen
Rostral opening of infraorbital canal
Passageway for infraorbital a., v., & n.
Ventral surface of the skull
Bones: basioccipital b., tympanic b., petrosal part of temporal b., basiphenoid b., presphenoid b. Paracondylar process Mastoid process Oval foramen Tympano-occipital fissure Mandibular fossa
Paracondylar process
Origin for digastricus m. (mastication)
Tympanic bone
Bulbous enlargement (tympanic bulla: encloses middle ear cavity) Contains external acoustic meatus (on lateral side of tympanic bulla)