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Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Features of Trichuris eggs

A
  • Yellow, brown
  • Football shape
  • Bipolar plugs
  • Resistant to environment
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2
Q

Infective stage of Trichuris

A

L1 - ingested by DH in egg

Outer egg then digested by DH and LI invades cecal/LI mucosa

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3
Q

Which trichurs spp affects dogs and foxes? C/S?

A

Trichuris vulpis

  • Anemia (blood feeder)
  • Low burden –> little effect
  • Severe infection –> hemorrhage, weight loss, anorexia etc
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4
Q

Symptoms of T. vulpis may mimic which disease

A

Addisons dz (abnormal Na and K values)

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5
Q

Which Trichuris spp is zoonotic

A

T. vulpis

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6
Q

What causes catarrhal enteritis in pigs

A

Trichuris suis

C/S

  • Diarrhea
  • Dehydration
  • Anorexia
  • Retarded growth
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7
Q

Which Trichuris spp infects ruminants?

A

T. discolor

C/S only occasionally

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8
Q

Which Trichuris spp affect cats? C/S?

A

T. serrata and T. campanula

C/S rare

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9
Q

Give 2 ways to diagnose Trichuris

A
  1. Fecal float –> characteristic shape eggs
  2. Fecal ELISA of antigens from adult worms
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10
Q

Control of Trichuris

A

Eggs very resistant!

  • Remove host
  • Treat soil
  • Replant grass
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11
Q

Which worms are barrel shaped?

A

Capillaria

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12
Q

What causes bronchial capillariasis? How does it present?

A

Capillaria aerophila

Presents like a bronchial carcinoma

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13
Q

Describe capillaria eggs

A
  • bipolar
  • green tinge
  • striated shell (not smooth)
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14
Q

Which spp are affected by Capillaria aerophila? Where does it inhabit

A

Dogs, cats, fox, coyote

Inhabits trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity, frontal sinus

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15
Q

Infective stage Capillaria aerophila

A

L1 in feces or earth worm

Ingested, migrates intestines –> lungs, lays eggs –> coughed up, swallow –> feces –> LI

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16
Q

Faculative host C. aerophila

A

Earth worm (L1)

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17
Q

Which spp is C. aerophila most pathogenic in

A

Foxes

Chronic, serious - cough, weak, poor growth, death due to bronchopneumonia

Dogs/Cats - just cough, generally no c/s

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18
Q

Dx C. aerophila

A

Fecal float! (distinguish from Trichuris)

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19
Q

Where can you find C. aerophilla eggs (3)

A

Sputum

Feces

Nasal discharge

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20
Q

What causes urinary capillariasis in dogs

A

Capillaria plica

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21
Q

What causes urinary capillariasis in cats?

A

Capillaria feliscati

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22
Q

Which two parasites belong to Pearsonema? Where do they live? Dx?

A

Capillaria feliscati and C. plica

Bladder, renal pelvis

Dx: urine sample (eggs- asymmetrical, yellow to colorless with bipolar plugs)

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23
Q

T/F L1 Pearsonema will not hatch from egg unless ingested by an earthworm

A

True

DH then eats worm containing L1

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24
Q

A fox at a rescue center is straining to urinate. What do you suspect?

A

Capillaria plica

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25
Q

What causes nasal capillariasis? In which spp?

A

Capillaria boehmi

Dogs, foxes

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26
Q

Where do you collect sample to test for C. boehmi?

A

Feces, nasal secretions

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27
Q

Which worm in this quiz produces live offspring

A

Trichinella spiralis

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28
Q

T/F Capillaria aerophila is zoonotic

A

True

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29
Q

Humans can be infected with what by eating uncooked pork?

A

Trichinella spiralis

zoonotic, reportable

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30
Q

Host of Trichinella spiralis

A

Pigs, humans, rats, other mammals (bears, cougar)

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31
Q

Where do Trichinella spiralis live

A

Skeletal muscle

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32
Q

T/F - both adults and larvae of Trichinella spiralis can be found in same host

A

True - because reproduction occurs in host

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33
Q

You consume some raw bacon and a few days later have trouble breathing. Should you be worried?

A

Yes - youve consumed Trichenella spiralis which is fatal in humans (paralysis of respiratory muscles)

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34
Q

Dx Trichinella spiralis

A

Serology tests only! (ELISA in humans)

  • Cannot detect eggs (none)
  • No lifecycle in environment
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35
Q

Which species is also known as giant kidney worm. DH?

A

Dioctophyma renale

DH = mink

But not host specific- infects domestic animals

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36
Q

T/F Dioctophyma renale is zoonotic

A

True

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37
Q

Which kidney is usually affected by Dioctophyma renale

A

Right kidney

38
Q

Features of Dioctophyma renale

A

Adult:

  • Large red worm (largest nematode - females > males)

Eggs

  • Thick pitted shell
  • Barrel shape
  • Yellow/brown
  • Bipolar plugs
39
Q

Dx Dioctophyma renale

A

Urine sample for eggs

40
Q

IH of Dioctophyma renale. PH?

A

Earthworms (develops to L3 and ingested by PH or DH)

PH = frogs, crayfish, fish

41
Q

How would you treat a mink for Dioctophyma renale

A

Nephrectomy

42
Q

Which parasite causes intense anal pruritis and rat tail in horses

A

Oxyuris equi (the eggs cause these signs)

43
Q

T/F pinworms are species specific

44
Q

Where do you find adult Oxyuris equi

A

SI or LI of horse

Adults = non-pathogenic

45
Q

Dx Oxyuris equi

A

Eggs around anus (scotch tape test)

Fecal floats dont work because no eggs in feces!

46
Q

Where do Strongyloides adults live

A

Females: SI of host (parasitic)

Males: free-living in environment (non-parasitic)

47
Q

Type of offspring of Strongylids (eggs/free living?)

A

Ovoviparous

Heterogonic larvae = offspring of free-living

Homogonic larvae = offspring of parasitic female

48
Q

Which Strongyloides spp is zoonotic? What does it cause?

A

S. stercoralis (canid strongyle)

Causes larvae currens: pruritic skin lesions, autoinfection in immuncompromised, diarrhea, death

49
Q

T/F - strongyloide females can produce eggs wihtout male

A

True - only females parasitic so dont need male to fertilize to produce offspring

51
Q

Oral infection of Strongyloides is most common in which spp

52
Q

Vertical transmission (transcolostral/transmammary) of Strongyloides is most common in which spp

A

Dogs

Horse

Pig

Ruminants

53
Q

T/F Strongyloides can cause infection by skin penetration

A

True but not common

54
Q

C/s Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs

A

Asymptomatic

Bronchopneumonia

Diarrhea

Weight loss, anorexia, death

55
Q

Which worm causes larva currens and urticaria (hives) in humans

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

56
Q

Which species do you use Baermann technique for dx

A

Strongyloides

Detects rhabditiform v filariform

57
Q

How is esophageal structure of strongyloides useful in diagnoses?

A

Parasitic females (L3, adult) = filariform

Non-parasitic males and females in environment = rhabditiform

L1 and L2 stages = rhabditiform

58
Q

What causes dog eyeworm

A

Thelaia californiensis

59
Q

IH of Thelazia californiensis

A

Muscoid latrine flies

Fruit flies

60
Q

What causes horse eyeworm

A

Thelazia lacrymalis

61
Q

Which eyeworm species is zoonotic

A

Thelazia californiensis (dog eyeworm)

62
Q

Where does Thelazia lacrymalis live

A

Conjunctival sac and lacrimal ducts of horse

reported in cows, dogs

63
Q

Dx eyeworms

A

L1 in lacrimal secretions

(observing parasites in eye)

64
Q

What is the horse stomach worm

65
Q

Eggs of Habronema

A

Long, thin shelled, ovoviviparous

Hotdog shape

66
Q

IH of Habronema

A

L1 in fly maggots:

House fly

Stable fly

67
Q

A horse is infected with Habronema. What is the most likely way it was infected?

A

L3 escaped fly mouth parts when feeding around mouth, lip or wound of horse

68
Q

Different developments of Habronema in host

A

Cutaneous: larvae in wounds

Ocular: larvae in eye

Pulmonary: bloodstream –> eye

69
Q

Which species causes summer sores in horses? What is the main c/s

A

Cutaneous Habronema

C/S - ‘proud flesh’ (granulation tissue)

70
Q

Which worm species ares nodules in stomach wall of equids

71
Q

How is Draschia transmitted

A

Same as Habronema (fly mouth parts –> pulmonary, ocular, cutaneous)

72
Q

Dx Draschia

A
  • Embryonated larvae in fecal float or gastric lavage
  • Biospy of lesions around eye and skin
73
Q

Tx of equine stomach worms

A

Fly control

Anthelmintics

Draschia more difficult to treat due to nodules

74
Q

Dog/cat stomach worm. Where is it found

A

Physaloptera

Found in stomach/duodenum

75
Q

Eggs of Physaloptera

A

Thick walled, ovoviviparous

76
Q

IH and PH of Physaloptera

A

IH: cockroach, grasshopper, cricket, beetle

PH: frog, snake, rodent, lizard

77
Q

Infective stage of Physaloptera

A

L3 (in IH)

78
Q

C/S Physaloptera

A

Stomach wounds from mucosal attachment –> melana, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss

79
Q

Dx Physaloptera

A

Eggs in vomit/feces

Gastropscopy: pseudogranulomas

CBC/Chem: anemia, eosinophilia

80
Q

Which species is found in the wall of esophagus, stomach and aorta of dogs and wild felids/canids?

A

Spirocera lupi

81
Q

IH Spirocera lupi? PH?

A

Dung beetle

PH = amphibian, reptile, bird, hedehog, rodent, rabbit

82
Q

Which parasite can develop into malignant tumors, including osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma?

A

Spiroceta lupi

83
Q

Which parasite causes hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO) in long bones?

A

Spirocera lupi

84
Q

Dx Spirocera lupi

A
  • Sedimentation technique (eggs in feces, vomit)
  • Radiography
  • Endoscopy
  • FLOTAC: flotation and PCR
85
Q

Which skin worm affects racoons, dogs, cats

A

Dracunculu insignis

86
Q

Which skin worm infects humans

A

Dracunculus medinenesis

87
Q

IH and PH Dracunculus

A

IH: water fleas, copepods

PH: tadpoles, fish

88
Q

How are Dracunculus eggs released?

A
  • Female anus and vulva atrophies
  • Ulcer develops in host skin - female projects body and prolapses urterus - discharging larvae
89
Q

Is Dracunculus only found in skin?

A

No, fertilized females migrate to skin but L3 migrates to other tissues (can calcify)

90
Q

Tx Dracunculus

A
  • Surgical excision
  • Wetting ulcer to lure out, turning stick each day

Parasitology (6 decks)

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