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Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Features of Trichuris eggs

A
  • Yellow, brown
  • Football shape
  • Bipolar plugs
  • Resistant to environment
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2
Q

Infective stage of Trichuris

A

L1 - ingested by DH in egg

Outer egg then digested by DH and LI invades cecal/LI mucosa

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3
Q

Which trichurs spp affects dogs and foxes? C/S?

A

Trichuris vulpis

  • Anemia (blood feeder)
  • Low burden –> little effect
  • Severe infection –> hemorrhage, weight loss, anorexia etc
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4
Q

Symptoms of T. vulpis may mimic which disease

A

Addisons dz (abnormal Na and K values)

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5
Q

Which Trichuris spp is zoonotic

A

T. vulpis

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6
Q

What causes catarrhal enteritis in pigs

A

Trichuris suis

C/S

  • Diarrhea
  • Dehydration
  • Anorexia
  • Retarded growth
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7
Q

Which Trichuris spp infects ruminants?

A

T. discolor

C/S only occasionally

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8
Q

Which Trichuris spp affect cats? C/S?

A

T. serrata and T. campanula

C/S rare

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9
Q

Give 2 ways to diagnose Trichuris

A
  1. Fecal float –> characteristic shape eggs
  2. Fecal ELISA of antigens from adult worms
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10
Q

Control of Trichuris

A

Eggs very resistant!

  • Remove host
  • Treat soil
  • Replant grass
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11
Q

Which worms are barrel shaped?

A

Capillaria

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12
Q

What causes bronchial capillariasis? How does it present?

A

Capillaria aerophila

Presents like a bronchial carcinoma

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13
Q

Describe capillaria eggs

A
  • bipolar
  • green tinge
  • striated shell (not smooth)
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14
Q

Which spp are affected by Capillaria aerophila? Where does it inhabit

A

Dogs, cats, fox, coyote

Inhabits trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity, frontal sinus

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15
Q

Infective stage Capillaria aerophila

A

L1 in feces or earth worm

Ingested, migrates intestines –> lungs, lays eggs –> coughed up, swallow –> feces –> LI

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16
Q

Faculative host C. aerophila

A

Earth worm (L1)

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17
Q

Which spp is C. aerophila most pathogenic in

A

Foxes

Chronic, serious - cough, weak, poor growth, death due to bronchopneumonia

Dogs/Cats - just cough, generally no c/s

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18
Q

Dx C. aerophila

A

Fecal float! (distinguish from Trichuris)

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19
Q

Where can you find C. aerophilla eggs (3)

A

Sputum

Feces

Nasal discharge

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20
Q

What causes urinary capillariasis in dogs

A

Capillaria plica

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21
Q

What causes urinary capillariasis in cats?

A

Capillaria feliscati

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22
Q

Which two parasites belong to Pearsonema? Where do they live? Dx?

A

Capillaria feliscati and C. plica

Bladder, renal pelvis

Dx: urine sample (eggs- asymmetrical, yellow to colorless with bipolar plugs)

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23
Q

T/F L1 Pearsonema will not hatch from egg unless ingested by an earthworm

A

True

DH then eats worm containing L1

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24
Q

A fox at a rescue center is straining to urinate. What do you suspect?

A

Capillaria plica

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25
What causes nasal capillariasis? In which spp?
Capillaria boehmi Dogs, foxes
26
Where do you collect sample to test for C. boehmi?
Feces, nasal secretions
27
Which worm in this quiz produces live offspring
Trichinella spiralis
28
T/F Capillaria aerophila is zoonotic
True
29
Humans can be infected with what by eating uncooked pork?
Trichinella spiralis ## Footnote **zoonotic, reportable**
30
Host of Trichinella spiralis
Pigs, humans, rats, other mammals (bears, cougar)
31
Where do Trichinella spiralis live
Skeletal muscle
32
T/F - both adults and larvae of Trichinella spiralis can be found in same host
True - because reproduction occurs in host
33
You consume some raw bacon and a few days later have trouble breathing. Should you be worried?
Yes - youve consumed Trichenella spiralis which is fatal in humans (paralysis of respiratory muscles)
34
Dx Trichinella spiralis
**Serology tests only! (ELISA in humans)** ## Footnote - Cannot detect eggs (none) - No lifecycle in environment
35
Which species is also known as giant kidney worm. DH?
Dioctophyma renale DH = mink *But not host specific- infects domestic animals*
36
T/F Dioctophyma renale is zoonotic
True
37
Which kidney is usually affected by Dioctophyma renale
Right kidney
38
Features of Dioctophyma renale
Adult: - Large red worm (largest nematode - females \> males) Eggs - Thick pitted shell - Barrel shape - Yellow/brown - Bipolar plugs
39
Dx Dioctophyma renale
Urine sample for eggs
40
IH of Dioctophyma renale. PH?
Earthworms (develops to L3 and ingested by PH or DH) PH = frogs, crayfish, fish
41
How would you treat a mink for Dioctophyma renale
Nephrectomy
42
Which parasite causes intense anal pruritis and rat tail in horses
Oxyuris equi (the eggs cause these signs)
43
T/F pinworms are species specific
True
44
Where do you find adult Oxyuris equi
SI or LI of horse ## Footnote *Adults = non-pathogenic*
45
Dx Oxyuris equi
Eggs around anus (scotch tape test) ## Footnote **Fecal floats dont work because no eggs in feces!**
46
Where do Strongyloides adults live
Females: SI of host (parasitic) Males: free-living in environment (non-parasitic)
47
Type of offspring of Strongylids (eggs/free living?)
Ovoviparous Heterogonic larvae = offspring of free-living Homogonic larvae = offspring of parasitic female
48
Which Strongyloides spp is zoonotic? What does it cause?
S. stercoralis (canid strongyle) Causes **larvae currens:** pruritic skin lesions, autoinfection in immuncompromised, diarrhea, death
49
T/F - strongyloide females can produce eggs wihtout male
True - only females parasitic so dont need male to fertilize to produce offspring
50
51
Oral infection of Strongyloides is most common in which spp
Cat
52
Vertical transmission (transcolostral/transmammary) of Strongyloides is most common in which spp
Dogs Horse Pig Ruminants
53
T/F Strongyloides can cause infection by skin penetration
True *but not common*
54
C/s Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs
Asymptomatic Bronchopneumonia Diarrhea Weight loss, anorexia, death
55
Which worm causes larva currens and urticaria (hives) in humans
Strongyloides stercoralis
56
Which species do you use Baermann technique for dx
Strongyloides Detects rhabditiform v filariform
57
How is esophageal structure of strongyloides useful in diagnoses?
**Parasitic females (L3, adult)** = filariform **Non-parasitic males and females in environment** = rhabditiform **L1 and L2 stages** = rhabditiform
58
What causes dog eyeworm
Thelaia californiensis
59
IH of Thelazia californiensis
Muscoid latrine flies Fruit flies
60
What causes horse eyeworm
Thelazia lacrymalis
61
Which eyeworm species is zoonotic
Thelazia californiensis (dog eyeworm)
62
Where does Thelazia lacrymalis live
Conjunctival sac and lacrimal ducts of horse ## Footnote *reported in cows, dogs*
63
Dx eyeworms
L1 in lacrimal secretions | (observing parasites in eye)
64
What is the horse stomach worm
Habronema
65
Eggs of Habronema
Long, thin shelled, ovoviviparous Hotdog shape
66
IH of Habronema
L1 in fly *maggots*: House fly Stable fly
67
A horse is infected with Habronema. What is the most likely way it was infected?
**L3 escaped fly mouth parts** when feeding around mouth, lip or wound of horse
68
Different developments of Habronema in host
Cutaneous: larvae in wounds Ocular: larvae in eye Pulmonary: bloodstream --\> eye
69
Which species causes summer sores in horses? What is the main c/s
Cutaneous Habronema C/S - 'proud flesh' (granulation tissue)
70
Which worm species ares nodules in stomach wall of equids
Draschia
71
How is Draschia transmitted
Same as Habronema (fly mouth parts --\> pulmonary, ocular, cutaneous)
72
Dx Draschia
- Embryonated larvae in **fecal float** or **gastric lavage** - Biospy of lesions around eye and skin
73
Tx of equine stomach worms
Fly control Anthelmintics *Draschia more difficult to treat due to nodules*
74
Dog/cat stomach worm. Where is it found
Physaloptera Found in stomach/duodenum
75
Eggs of Physaloptera
Thick walled, ovoviviparous
76
IH and PH of Physaloptera
IH: cockroach, grasshopper, cricket, beetle PH: frog, snake, rodent, lizard
77
Infective stage of Physaloptera
L3 (in IH)
78
C/S Physaloptera
Stomach wounds from mucosal attachment --\> melana, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss
79
Dx Physaloptera
Eggs in vomit/feces Gastropscopy: pseudogranulomas CBC/Chem: anemia, eosinophilia
80
Which species is found in the wall of esophagus, stomach and aorta of dogs and wild felids/canids?
Spirocera lupi
81
IH Spirocera lupi? PH?
Dung beetle PH = amphibian, reptile, bird, hedehog, rodent, rabbit
82
Which parasite can develop into malignant tumors, including osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma?
Spiroceta lupi
83
Which parasite causes hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO) in long bones?
Spirocera lupi
84
Dx Spirocera lupi
* Sedimentation technique (eggs in feces, vomit) * Radiography * Endoscopy * **FLOTAC: flotation and PCR**
85
Which skin worm affects racoons, dogs, cats
Dracunculu insignis
86
Which skin worm infects humans
Dracunculus medinenesis
87
IH and PH Dracunculus
IH: water fleas, copepods PH: tadpoles, fish
88
How are Dracunculus eggs released?
* Female anus and vulva atrophies * Ulcer develops in host skin - female projects body and prolapses urterus - discharging larvae
89
Is Dracunculus only found in skin?
No, fertilized females migrate to skin but L3 migrates to other tissues (can calcify)
90
Tx Dracunculus
* Surgical excision * Wetting ulcer to lure out, turning stick each day

Parasitology (6 decks)

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