Quiz 5 Flashcards
Lay unembryonated eggs
Oviparous
lay embryonated or larvated eggs
ovoviparous
bear live young
larviparous/viviparous
infective stage for all ascarids
L3
where are L3 ascarids found
in definitive host. become L4 –> immature adult –> adult
how many lips do ascarids have
3
do ascarids have IH?
no
are ascarids:
- oviparous
- ovivipoarous
- larviparous
oviparous
t/f females ascarids are larger than males
true
which sex of ascarid has a curved tail
males
equine roundworm
parascaris equorum
describe parascaris equorum eggs
Thick walled
Resistant to chemical and physical insults
Infective in soil for years
type of life cycle parascaris equorum
direct, fecal oral
unembryonated eggs in feces —> embryonate to L3 in and then ingested by DH
which ascarid specie has hepato-tracheal migration
Parascaris equorum
Ascaris suum
where is L3 of parascaris equorum
in SI —> lung
t/f parascaris equorum has transplacental and transmammary transmission
FALSE - none
C/S ascaridosis in horses
Malnourished
Undersize
Sickly foal
Perforation of bowl
CNS – aberrant larval migration
which ascarid causes verminous pneumonia
Parascaris equorum - summer colds in foals due to being sensitized to larval antigens
Ascaris suum - chronic cough
Dx Parascaris equorum
- Fecal float - see eggs
- Transabdominal US
- Western blot: larval excretory products
which ascarid affects pigs
Ascaris suum
is ascaris suum zoonotic
yes
which ascarid causes ‘milk spots’ in liver? in which species?
Ascaris suum in pigs
pathology caused by ascaris suum
milk spots in liver
hemorrhage around intralobular vein
fatal peritonitis
verminous pneumonia
thumps - chronic cough
consolidation of areas of lungs
edema, emphysema
enteritis
dx ascaris suum
- Necropsy (milk spots)
- Worms in vomit
Treatment of ascaris suum
- Treat sows and clean with soap and water 2 weeks before farrowing and moving to farrowing crate
- Treat at weaning
- Keep pens clean
- McLean County System: all in - all out
Which ascarid is treated with Mclean County System
Ascaris suum
- Treat sow few days before farrowing, scrub pens
- Place sow and litter in ascarid free location
Which roundworm affects ruminants
Toxocara vitulorum
T/F toxocara viulorum is endemic to USA
False - rare in US, mostly tropical
Where in ruminants is Toxocara vitulorum found
SI
transmission of toxocara vitulorum
4 ways!!
- <4m : ingestion. hepatotracheal migration
- >4m: indgestion: somatic migration. NO DEVELOPMENT TO ADULT.
* Adults: larvae can travel to mammae and found in milk - Transmammary: SI for life cycle of DH
- Transplacental: SI for lifecycle of DH
Which parasite has self cure?
Toxocara vitulorum (4-6 m)
c/s toxocara vitulorum
- Verminous pneumonia
- Enteritis
- Peritonitis
- Unthrifitness
which eggs have pitted surface
toxocara vitulorum
whats this

toxocara vitulorum
(pitted surface)
Dx toxocara vitulorum
- fecal float
- histo of various tissues
treatment toxocara vitulorum
alternate pastures
which roundworm affects dogs
toxocara canis
appearance of toxocara canis
- narrow cervical alae (wings) on anterior end
- esophageal ventriculus
- pitted shell
whos this

toxocara canis
lateral cervical alae
who’s this

toxocara canis
t/f toxocara canis is zoonotic
true!
dx toxocara canis
- Fecal float
- ELISA (coprantigen on worms in dogs not eggs in feces!)
types of toxocara canis transmission (5)
- <3 m: hepato-tracheal migration
- >3m: somatic migration (DONT DEVELOP)
- Tranplancental: hepato-tracheal
- Transmammary (rare): SI only
- Paratenic host (L3 ingested by rodent) : stays in intestine
Does toxocara canis migrate in its paratenic host? in its DH?
PH: somatic migration
DH: no migration (stays in intestines)
Explain transplacental transmission of Toxocara canis
- Somatic migration (if >3m)
- If become pregnant: L3 crosses placenta to fetal liver
- Molts to L4 in fetal liver
- Once born, completes hepato-tracheal migration to lungs
- Coughed up, swallowed and adults in intestines
c/s toxocara canis
- abdominal discomfort in pups
- pot belly
- bile and pancreatic duct obstruction
- nervous disorders (aberrant larvae)
- retinal lesion (rare)
which roundworm affects cats
toxocara cati
appearance of toxocara cati
- striated arrow head shaped cervical alae
- pitted egg
compare toxocara canis egg with toxocara catis
Catis is smaller
Both pitted
who’s this

toxocara catis
who’s this

toxocara catis
striated arrow head shaped cervical alae
transmission toxocara cati (3)
- ingest egg with L3 –> hepato-tracheal
- ingest paratenic host –> similar to T. canis
- transmammary –> L3 in mammary tissue
* Only happens with dams acutely infected in late pregnancy
t/f toxocara cati has transplacental transmission
false!
c/s toxocara cati
- eosinophilic granulomas
- pneumonia
- dry cough/chest discomfort
zoonotic conditions caused by toxocara canis and cati
- ocular larva migrans: moon eye syndrome (floaters, red eye)
- visceral larva migrans: spread to spinal cord. abdominal pain, anorexia, fever, wheezing
which roundworm afects both dogs and cats
toxoscaris leonina
appearance toxoscaris leonina
narrow cervical alae
eggs smooth on outside, bumpy on inside
t/f toxoscaris leonina use paratenic host
true - rodents
lifecycle toxoscaris leonina
- egg hatched in intestine
- matures in wall of intestine
- re-enters lumen
no hepato-tracheal migration!
which roundworm affects racoons
baylisascaris procyonis
transmission baylisascaris procyonis
ingest egg or PH
no hepato-tracheal or somatic migration
(mucosal migration in PH)
paratenic host of baylisascaris procyonis
old racoons
eggs travel to gut and undergo mucosal migration
c/s baylisascaris procyonis
- adult worms dont cause c/s
- worms in paratenic host: cns signs, arching head/neck, death
is baylisascaris procyonis zoonotic
yes! causes eosinophilic meningitis
1-3 larvae in brian may be fatal! (diffuse unilateral neuritis)
t/f - occular larval, visceral larval and somatic migration all develop into adults in disseminated tissue
false! do not develop into adults
what c/s will you see with all adult ascarids
enteritis/diarrhea (adults are in SI)
hosts of ancylostoma caninum
dog
cat (rare)
bear
who has 3 pairs of teeth on ventral buccal capsule
ancylostoma caninum
Whats leaky larvae syndrome
in ancyclostoma caninum skin infection >3m
somatic migration, worms lie dormant in muscle and pool for reinfection:
- mammary gland before lactation
- intestines
who’s this

ancylostoma caninum
three pairs of teeth on ventral buccal capsule
are ancyclostoma caninum oviparous, oviviparous, or life bearing
Oviparous
free living stages of ancylostoma caninum
L2 and L3
(L2 cuticle used by L3)
infective stage of ancyclostoma caninum
ensheathed L3
t/f ancyclostoma caninum feeds
false
transmission ancylostoma caninum
- Oral
- Skin infection
- Transmammary
- Ingestion of paratenic host
What happens after oral infection with ancyclostoma caninum
Either
- L3 –> adult in SI (no migration)
- L3 pentrate bucca/pharyngeal mucosa –> migrate to bronchi, swalloed, adult in SI
skin penetration of ancyclostoma caninum
- Skin penetration L3 –> vessels –> heart –> lungs –> bronchi
- Coughed up, swallowed
- Adults in SI
most important means of transmission of ancyclostoma caninum to puppies
transmammary
pathology ancylostoma caninum
- blood feeders
- secrete AcAP (anticoagulant peptide)
peractue hookworm disease
Dams giving to pups via milk - only small # adults cause serious c/s
- anemia
- diarrhea
- melana
- stunted growth
- dry hair
- dermatitis
- fatal
acute hookworm disease
older pups
large number infective larvae
- If fecal negative –> check 4 days later to make sure!
chronic hookworm dz
- compensated: no c/s
- decomensated: older dogs, secondary to another illness - anemic, malnourished, emaciated
t/f ancyclostoma caninum is zoonotic
yes!
- oral: eosinophilic enteritis (abdominal pain)
- skin: creeping eruption (cutaneous larval migrans)
ancyclostoma braziliense location
florida to north caroline
which hookworm has 2 ventral teeth
ancyclostoma braziliense
who’s eggs are oval, thin shelled, umembryonated
ancyclostoma braziliense
t/f transmammary and transplacetal transmission is crucial for ancylostoma braziliense
false! doesnt happen!
transmission ancyclostoma braziliense
- oral
- skin
- ingest ph
t/f - ancyclostoma braziliens is blood feeder
false!
c/s ancyclostoma braziliense
- hypoproteinemia
- serum seepage around worms
- hemorrhagic enteritis
- swollen intestinal mucosa with red bite-marks
NO ANEMIA!
which worm causes plumber’s itch
ancyclostoma brazilienses
how is ancyclostoma brazielnses zoonotic
skin penetration - causes papules, inflammed tracts, thickened skin, pruritis
which worm’s eggs withstand freezing
uncinaria stenocephala
host uncinaria stenocephala
dog, fox, cat (rare)
which worm is found in europe, canada, northern US
uncinaria stenocephala
which worms has cutting plates
unicinaria stenocephala
bunostomum phlebotomum
most common route of infection of uncinaria stenocephala
INGESTION! *
(skin rare, NO transmammary/transplacental)
c/s uncinaria stenocephala
- hypoproteinemia
- dermatitis
- marked inflammation around penetrated larvae
- secondary bacterial infections in greyhounds in england
- penumonia, lung consolidation in infected pups
what is the ruminant hookworm
bunostomum phlebotomum
which worm
main transmission of bunostomum phlebotomum
skin penetration of L3 from feces
what does bunostomum phlebotomum usually occur concurrently with
trichostrongylus
is bunostomum phlebotomum zoonotic
yes!
c/s bunostomum phlebotomum
- dermatitis
- pruritis
- diarrhea/emaciation/bottle jaw
c/s most severe during PPP
is bunostomum phlebotomum zoonotic
yes! skin penetration and cutaneous larval migrans!
which hookworm mainly affects goats and sheep
bunostomum trigocephalum
transmission bunostomum trigocephalum
oral