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Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of lifecycle do ALL cestodes have

A

Indirect

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2
Q

Where do adult cestodes inhabit in definitive host

A

GI tract

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3
Q

Where do larval cestodes inhabit in intermediate host

A

Extraintestinally

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4
Q

What is a larval cestode called

A

Metacestode

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5
Q

What is the gravid part of the cestode called

A

Proglottid

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6
Q

Where are nutrients absorbed in cestodes

A

Skin

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7
Q

What is the anterior part of the cestode called

A

Scolex

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8
Q

What type of tissue makes up the neck of the cestode

A

Undifferentiated tissue

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9
Q

What are the chain segments of cestodes called?

A

Strobila

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10
Q

T/F - Proglottids contain male and female genitalia

A

True! They are hermpaphrodites

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11
Q

Are proglottids more mature anteriorly or posteriorly

A

Posteriorly - they mature as they move away from the neck region

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12
Q

What are cestode eggs called

A

Oncospheres

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13
Q

What’s this

A

Hydatid cyst

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14
Q

What’s this

A

Coenurus

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15
Q

What’s this

A

Strobilocercus

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16
Q

What’s this

A

Cysticercus

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17
Q

What’s this

A

Tetrathyridium

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18
Q

What’s this?

A

Plerocercoid

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19
Q

What’s this

A

Procercoid

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20
Q

What’s this?

A

Oncosphere

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21
Q

How many suckers do Taenia have?

A

4 suckers

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22
Q

What do some Taenia suckers have?

A

Non-retractile rostellum – with 2 concentric rows of hooks

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23
Q

What are these

A

Taenia eggs

  • Spherical*
  • Thick-walled*
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24
Q

Definitive host of most Taenia

A

Canids, humans

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25
Q

Where are gravid segments shed?

A

Shed in intestine of definitive host

Proglottids in feces

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26
Q

How are Taenia eggs released

A

They are shed inside proglottis. They are then either

a) while the proglotid crawls on host’s fur
b) while proglottid is on fecal surface

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27
Q

Where are metacestodes typically found

A

In the liver, peritoneal membrane, or cardiac/skeletal muscle of intermediate host

Intermediate host forms fibrous tissue capsule around the metacestode

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28
Q

What is the most common Taenia tapeworm of dogs in the US?

A

T. pisiformis

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29
Q

What is the intermediate host of Taenia pisiformis? Where are metacestodes found?

A

Rabbits, hares.

Metacestodes (Cysticercus pisiformis) in liver, peritoneum

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30
Q

Describe metacestode of T. pisiformis

A

Cysticercus

Single fluid filled sac with one invaginated scolex

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31
Q

You see an eviscerated rabbit while walking in the woods. What do you suspect is growing on its intestines?

A

Cysticercus pisiformis

Cysticerci of Taeniae pisiformis

Fluid filled sac with an inverted scolex

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32
Q

What is the intermediate host of Taenia ovis? Where do metacestodes develop

A

Sheep

Metacestodes develop in skeletal and cardiac muscles

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33
Q

You’re at a slaughter house and they notice cysticerus in a sheep’s quadricep muscle. Are you concerned? What do you suspect?

A

This is probably Cysticercus ovis (Taenia ovis). Yes you are concerned —> lesions willcondemn sheep at slaughter

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34
Q

This is a sheep’s heart. What is wrong with it?

A

Cysticercus ovis growing in cardiac muscle

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35
Q

What is known as a ‘thin necked bladder worm’

A

Taenia hydatigena

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36
Q

What’s this

A

Taenia hydatigena

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37
Q

What’s this

A

Taenia hydatigena

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38
Q

What is the intermediate host of Taenia hydatigena? Where does the metacestode live?

A

Ruminants and swine

Metacestode migrates through lvier and encysts in peritoneum

  • *Hepatitis cysticercosa**
  • *Black Disease**
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39
Q

The fox is a definitive host of which Taenia spp.?

A

Taenia ovis

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40
Q

The cat is a definitive host of which Taenia spp?

A
  • T. taeniaeformis *most common*
  • Taenia hydatigena (wild felids)*
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41
Q

Humans are the definitive host of which Taenia spp.?

A
  • T. saginata*
  • T. solium*
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42
Q

Dogs are the definitive hosts of which Taenia spp?

A
  1. T. pisiforms *most common
  2. T. ovis
  3. T. hydatigena
  4. T. multiceps
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43
Q

What is the definitive host of T. hydatigena

A

Canids and wild felids

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44
Q

What is the metacestode stage of Taenia hydatigena called?

A

Cysticercus tenuicolis

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45
Q

What does ​Cysticercus tenuicolis cause? In who?

A

Causes hepatitis cysticercosa and black disease in intermediate host (ruminants and swine)

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46
Q

Your client is a pig farmer and sends you a photo of the liver of a sow he just slaughtered. What do you suspect is causing this?

A

Hepatitis caused by Cysticercus tenuicolis

47
Q

What is ‘Black Disease’ and what causes it

A

Green nodules on surface of liver caused by Cysticerucs tenuicolis + Clostridium noyvi

48
Q

Which Taenia spp has a metacestode that switches from Cysticercus to Strobilocercus

A

Taenia taeniaeformis

49
Q

What is the definitive host of Taenia taeniaeformis

50
Q

What is the intermediate host of Taenia taeniaeformis and where does it live

A

Mice and rodents

Lives in liver

51
Q

What does this?

A

Taenia taeniformis

52
Q

What is this

A

Coenurus cerebralis (the metacestode of Taeni multiceps)

53
Q

What is the metacestode of Taenia multiceps called? What does it look like

A

Coenurus cerebralis

It is large, fluid filled with clusters of scolices in internal wall

54
Q

What is definitive host of Taenia multiceps

A

Dogs and Wild Canids

55
Q

What is host of Coenurus cerebralis? Where does it live?

A

Sheep and goats, Cows

Rarely in cats —> fatal

Lives in cranial cavity and spinal cord

56
Q

What is ‘True Gid’ caused by

A

Coenurus cerebralis

Neurologic signs due to progessive SOL (blindness, incoordination)

57
Q

What are two differentials for True Gid

A

Bacterial encephalitis

Rabies

(caused by Coenurus cerebralis)

58
Q

Which Taenia spp are zoonotic and reportable?

A
  • T. saginata*
  • T. solium*
59
Q

How can you tell the difference between T. solium and T. saginata

A

T. saginata doesnt have rostellum or hooks

60
Q

Which reportable Taenia spp has cattle as intermediate host? Where does it live in cattle?

A

T saginata

Found in striate muscle - viable for 9+ months

61
Q

How are humans infected with T. saginata? What are the c/s?

A

Ingesting cysts from raw/undercooked beef

C/S

  • Diarrhea
  • Hunger pains
  • Usually asymptomatic
62
Q

Which reportable Taenia spp has pigs as intermediate host? Where does it live in pigs?

A

T. solium

Lives in striated muscle

63
Q

What’s this?

A

Taenia solium

(Identifiable feature: rostellum, 2 rows of hooks)

64
Q

What’s the accidental intermediate host of Taenia solium?

A

Humans —> BAD NEWS!

Causes cysticerocis – nervous, ocular, pulmonary

65
Q

A human consumes a T. solium cysticerci in raw pork. Should that person be concerned

A

No - humans are the definitive host of Taenia solium and consuming the cysticerci will cause no symptoms

66
Q

A human consumes raw pork which was found to contain T. solium eggs. Should that person be concerned?

A

YES - humans can the an accidental intermediate host.

Can cause cysticercosis - nervous, ocular, pulmonary disease

Also can affect human muscle –> requires surgical removal

67
Q

What would cause this?

A

Cysticercus cellulosae

Taenia solium cystercerci - very dangerous

68
Q

Your client is a swine farmer and has been complaining about muscular and occular pain. You notice his eye looks strange. What’s a worrying differential?

A

Cysticerucs cellulosae

(Taenia solium cystercerci)

69
Q

Name 3 ways you can diagnose Taenia solium in humans

A

CAT scan

MRI

X-ray

70
Q

What is this?

A

Echinococcus

71
Q

Definitive host of Echinococcus

A

Domestic and wild dogs

72
Q

Intermediate host of Echinococcus

A

Everything else - incl humans

73
Q

What can cause a hydatid infection in humans?

A

Echinococcus

74
Q

What is a hydatid infection

A

Cysts forming that contain tapeworm larvae (Echinococcus)

75
Q

A cat has a hydatid infection. Is surgery the best treatment option

A

NO - you need to PAIR

Puncture

Aspirate

Insert solution

Re-aspiration

76
Q

Intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Ruminants

Horses

Pigs

Camelids

Humans

77
Q

How are intermediate hosts infected with Echinococcus granulosus

A

Ingesting eggs (fecal-oral)

78
Q

Definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus? How are they infected and what are c/s?

A
  • Dogs and wild dogs
  • Infected by ingesting cysts from organs of IH
  • Asymptomatic
79
Q

What is cystic hydatid disease?

A

Disease caused by ingesting Echinococcus granulosus eggs

  • Unilocular
  • Liver, lungs
  • Humans: respiratory signs, abdominal distension
  • Allergic reaction to hydatid fluid leaks = death (anaphylaxis)
80
Q

What causes this

A

Echinococcus granulosus

81
Q

You have a pygmy goat come in with an Echinococcus granulosus cyst on its liver. What would you do to treat it?

A

Aspirate it taking care not to let fluid leak –> anaphylactic shock!

82
Q

T/F Echinococcus granulosus is asymptomatic in most animals

A

True - symptoms usually stem from pressure atrophy on surrounding organs

83
Q

T/F - Echinococcus granulosus cysts invade organs

84
Q

Definitive host of Echinococcus multilocularis

A

Dogs, cats, wild canids

85
Q

How are dogs infected with Echinococcus multilocularis? What are c/s?

A

Ingest cysts from ogans of IH - asymptomatic

86
Q

Intermediate host of Echinococcus multilocularis? How are they infected

A
  • Small rodents
  • Cows
  • Horses
  • Swine
  • Humans!

Infected by eating eggs

87
Q

What causes alveolar hydatid disease? What is it?

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

Multilocular disease in liver - usually fatal!

88
Q

Your PM’ing a cow and the liver looks like this. What do you suspect?

A

Alveolar hydatid disease caused by cysts of Echinococcus multilocularis

89
Q

Which Echinococcus spp infiltrates tissues

A

E. multilocularis

90
Q

Which Echinococcus spp forms brood capsules

A

E. multilocularis

91
Q

Which Echinococcus sp causes respiratory signs and abdominal distension in humans?

A

Echinococcus granulosa

93
Q

Which Echinococcus sp is unilocular

A

Echinococcus granulosa

94
Q

You are PM’ing a rat and see these infiltrative masses. What do you suspect?

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

95
Q

T/F - you can differentiate Echinococcus eggs from Taenia eggs as they are morphologically very distinct

A

False - they look identical

96
Q

What forms a unilocular hydatid cyst

A

Echinococcus granulosum

97
Q

What forms an alveolar hydatid cyst

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

98
Q

Which cestode species forms egg packets

A

Dipylidium caninum

99
Q

What’s this

A

Dipylidium caninum eggs

100
Q

What’s this

A

Diplydium caninum

101
Q

What is the intermediate host of Dipylidiums caninum? What must definitive host eat to get infected

A

Intermediate host = fleas

  • Definitiive host must eat the flea
102
Q

What’s this

A

Dipylidium caninum

103
Q

What is the metacestode of Taenia saginata called

A

Cysticercus bovis

104
Q

T/F - Dipylidium canis is pathogenic in definitive host? What is a C/S?

A

False, but may cause ‘pruitus ani’ - scooting (due to discomfort)

105
Q

How do you educate owners on D canis prevention?

A

Flea control

106
Q

An owner found these on her dog’s butt. What are they?

A

Dipylidium caninum

107
Q

What is the metacestode of Taenia ovis called

A

Cysticercus ovis

108
Q

What is the metacestode of Taenia pisiformis called?

A

Cysticercus pisiformis

109
Q

What is the metacestode of Taenia taeniformis called

A

Strobilocercus or Cysticercus fasciolaris

(changes formation 45 days in)

110
Q

What is the metacestode of Taenia solium called

A

Cysticercus cellulosae

111
Q

A butcher calls to ask about a parasite he has found the in the abdominal muscles of a cow. What do you suspect?

A

Cysticercus bovis

(from Taenia saginata)

112
Q

Metacestode of Dipylidium caninum

A

Cysticercoid caninum

113
Q

Main diagnostic stage of Taenia

A

Proglottids and eggs in feces

Parasitology (6 decks)

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