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Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A parasite that does not require its host

A

Faculative

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2
Q

A host where parasite develops to maturity

A

Definitive

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3
Q

A host that supports the immature parasite

A

Intermediate

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4
Q

A host used for transport.

A

Paratenic

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5
Q

T/F - paratenic hosts are usually neccessary for part of the parasite’s life cycle

A

False

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6
Q

Time from ingestion to invasion/causing signs

A

Pre-patent period

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7
Q

What carriers parasites on outside of body

A

Mechanical vector

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8
Q

Term for single host reproduction

A

Direct life cycle

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9
Q

Term for multiple host reproduction

A

Indirect life cycle

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10
Q

Forms of sexual reproduction

A

Conjugation (nuclear exchange)

Syngamy (fusion of gametes)

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11
Q

Forms of asexual reproduction

A

Binary fission

Multiple fission/schizogony

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12
Q

What is the motile feeding form of parasites

A

Trophozoites

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13
Q

What is the resistant, resting stage

A

Cyst

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14
Q

What is a reportable parasitic disease affecting cattle (SPELLING!)

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

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15
Q

Which parasite only has a trophozoite phase

A

Tritrichomonas
Trichomonas gallinae
Histomonas meleagridis

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16
Q

What are three key features of Tritrichomonas foetus

A

3 anterior flagella

1 recurrent flagellum

Undulating membrane

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17
Q

Where does Tritrichomonas foetus live in the bull and cow

A

In the preputial cavity of bull

Vagina, uterus, oviducts of cow

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18
Q

Reproduction Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Binary fission

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19
Q

How is Tritrichomonas foetus transmitted

A

Coitus

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20
Q

Is Tritrichomonas foetus transmission direct or indirect

A

Direct

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21
Q

What does Tritrichomonas foetus cause in cows

A 
Early abortion (*) 
Endometritis, retained placenta
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22
Q

What does Tritrichomonas foetus cause in bulls

A

Asymptomatic!

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23
Q

Can bulls infected with Tritrichomonas foetus be used in breeding

A

No!

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24
Q

Dx of Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Samples from preputial, placenta, fetus, uterus, vagina

Smear, culture, ELISA

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25
Q

Can you use float to diagnose Tritrichomonas foetus

A

No!

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26
Q

What causes oral ulcers in birds

A

Trichomonas gallinae

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27
Q

Key morphological feature of Trichomonas gallinae

A

4 anterior flagella

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28
Q

Is transmission of Trichomonas gallinae direct or indirect

A

Direct

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29
Q

Transmission of Trichomonas gallinae

A

Fecal-oral:

  • Crop milk of mother to young
  • Raptor predation on infected birds
  • Cloacal drinking
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30
Q

What causes cankor in doves

A

Trichomonas gallinae

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31
Q

T/F adult birds are usually asympomatic with Trichomonas gallinae

A

True - c/s usually only in young birds

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32
Q

Dx Trichomonas gallinae

A 
History
C/S
Gross lesions 
Organisms in saliva 
Smears of necrotic lesions
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33
Q

When do samples need to be collected to dx Trichomonas gallinae

A

Within 48h of death

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34
Q

What causes ‘Blackhead disese’

A

Histomonas meleagridis

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35
Q

Morphology of Histomoas meleagridis

A

Pleomorphic

  • Amoeboid form: in intestinal lumen. In tissues, its found singularly or in clusters. Absent flagellum
  • Transitional form in lumen
36
Q

Which parasites lack a cyst stage

A

Tritrichomonas foetus
Trichomonas gallinae
Histomonas malleagridis

37
Q

What is a flagellate parasite of turkeys, chickens and other gallinaceous birds

A

Histomonas meleagridis

38
Q

Is life cycle of Histomonas meleagridis direct or indirect

A

Direct

Uses Heterakis gallinarum as paratenic host

39
Q

Which parasite utilizes a paratenic host? What is this host

A

Histomonas mealagridis

Uses Heterakis gallinarum or earth worms

40
Q

Where does Heterakis gallinarum develop

A

Up to L3 on ground

Egg ingested, hatched in CECUM

41
Q

Transmission of Histomonas meleagridis

A

Direct - CLOACAL DRINKING

42
Q

C/S Histomonas meleagridis

A

Yellow droppings
Ruffled feathers
Hanging wings/tail

Cyanosis of head – due to 2ry infection with E.coli or Clostridium

43
Q

Are turkeys or chickens more affected by Histomonas meleagridis?

44
Q

Principle lesions of Histomonas meleagridis are found where

A

Cecum

Liver

45
Q

Dx Histomonas meleagridis

A

C/S
Heterakis eggs in fecal float
Lesions (necropsy)

46
Q

Is giardia zoonotic?

47
Q

Which assemblages of giardia are zoonotic

A

A1 (humans, ruminants, cats, dogs)

A2 (humans, dogs)

A3 (wild ruminants, humans, cats)

B (humans, monkeys, rabbits dogs)

E (sheep, goats, pigs, dogs)

48
Q

Is giardia reportable?

A

In humans only

49
Q

Morphology of giardia trophozoite

A 
Single celled 
Fragile 
Tear drop shape
Binucleate**
2 median bodies 
Ventral discs
4 flagella
50
Q

Where is trophozoite of giardia found

51
Q

Morphology of giardia cyst

A

4 nuclei – containing 2 trophozoites

Ventral discs

52
Q

What is infective form of giardia

53
Q

Reproduction of giardia

A

Longitudinal binary fission (every 12hr)

54
Q

C/S giardia

A

Pale, greasy feces
Sulfur smell, belching*
Vit B12 deficiency
Weight loss, dry skin, poor coat

55
Q

D/x giardia

A

Cysts in fecal float
ELISA
IFAT

56
Q

What causes Amoebiasis (ameobic dysentery) in dogs, humans, primates?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

57
Q

Each Entamoeba histolytica cyst has how many trophs?

58
Q

Each giardia cyst has how many trophs

59
Q

Is Entamoeba histolytica zoonotic

60
Q

T/F - Entamoeba histolytica is of serious importance to domestic animals

A

False - mainly to humans/primates

61
Q

C/S amoebiasis **

A 
Abdomonial pain
Intermittent diarrhea
Anorexia
Malaise
Feces with blood and mucus
62
Q

What forms flask shaped ulcers. Where? **

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Cecum, colon, rectal mucosa (maybe liver)

63
Q

Can amoebiasis be life threatening? **

A

YES - pulmonary, CNS involvement

64
Q

Dx Entamoeba histolytica

A 
Fecal float
ELISA
PCR 
Radiograph
Ultrasound
MRI
65
Q

What is an important pathogen of captive reptiles? Is it zoonotic?

A

Entamoeba invadens

Zoonotic!*

66
Q

Life cycle of Entamoeba invadens

A

Direct

Cecal-oral contamination

67
Q

Where in body is Entamoeba invadens found

A

Intestines

68
Q

Morphology of Entamoeba invadens trophs and cysts

A

Trophs: central endosome

Cysts: 1-4 nuclei, central endosome

69
Q

Where would Entamoeba invadens lesions be found

A

Intestinal tract

70
Q

Dx entamoeba invadens

A 
ELISA
IFAT
PCR
DNA
Hemagluttination
71
Q

Which parasite is a normal commensal of cecum and colon? Is it zoonotic?

A

Balantidium coli

Zoonotic!

72
Q

Morphology of Balantidium coli

A

Ciliate

Trophs: large, kidney shaped macronucleus, small micronucleus, cystostome (mouth). Covered in CILIA! *

Cysts: round, clear wall, kidney shaped macronucleus

73
Q

Macronuclei are found in

A

Balantidium coli

74
Q

Central endosomes are found in

A

Entamoeba invadens

75
Q

Life cycle Balantidium coli

A

Direct

Fecal oral* (cysts)

76
Q

Where does Balantidium coli encyst in body?

A

Distal gut

77
Q

What is normal cause of infection with Balantidium coli

A

Sewage water

78
Q

C/s Balantidium coli*

A

Asymptomatic!

Recurrent watery diarrhea 
Nausea
Epigastric pain 
Vomiting 
Colic
79
Q

Which organisms may invade previous created lesions in gut, causing deep ulcers and even perforations

A

Balantidium coli

80
Q

Dx Balantidium coli

A

Trophozoites in diarrhea

Cysts in formed stool

81
Q

A snake has intestinal ulceration. What is the likely cause? How would you make a confirmatory diagnosis?

A

Entamoeba invadens

ELISA, IFAT, PCR

82
Q

A dog owner complains of intermittent diarrhea, abdominal pain and lack of appetite. These signs are waxing and waning. What do you suspect the client to have? Is this a life threatening condition?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Can be life threatening if it spreads to the pulmonary tract or CNS

83
Q

A farmer complains his dairy cows keep aborting in early pregnancy. His bull seems fine. What do you suspect?

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

Bulls are asymptomatic - stop breeding

84
Q

A chicken farmer brings in a group of young hatchlings with mouth ulcers. He says the adult chickens seem fine. What do you suspect?

A

Trichomonas gallinae

Adults tend to be asymptomatic

85
Q

A cat is brought in for having pale, sulfer smelling feces. What do you suspect

86
Q

A dog owner comes in and is mentioning how she sometimes has these watery diarrhea stool. What do you suspect

A

Ballintinium coli - can be asymptomatic

Parasitology (6 decks)

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