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Parasitology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A parasite that does not require its host

A

Faculative

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2
Q

A host where parasite develops to maturity

A

Definitive

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3
Q

A host that supports the immature parasite

A

Intermediate

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4
Q

A host used for transport.

A

Paratenic

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5
Q

T/F - paratenic hosts are usually neccessary for part of the parasite’s life cycle

A

False

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6
Q

Time from ingestion to invasion/causing signs

A

Pre-patent period

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7
Q

What carriers parasites on outside of body

A

Mechanical vector

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8
Q

Term for single host reproduction

A

Direct life cycle

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9
Q

Term for multiple host reproduction

A

Indirect life cycle

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10
Q

Forms of sexual reproduction

A

Conjugation (nuclear exchange)

Syngamy (fusion of gametes)

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11
Q

Forms of asexual reproduction

A

Binary fission

Multiple fission/schizogony

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12
Q

What is the motile feeding form of parasites

A

Trophozoites

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13
Q

What is the resistant, resting stage

A

Cyst

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14
Q

What is a reportable parasitic disease affecting cattle (SPELLING!)

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

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15
Q

Which parasite only has a trophozoite phase

A

Tritrichomonas
Trichomonas gallinae
Histomonas meleagridis

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16
Q

What are three key features of Tritrichomonas foetus

A

3 anterior flagella

1 recurrent flagellum

Undulating membrane

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17
Q

Where does Tritrichomonas foetus live in the bull and cow

A

In the preputial cavity of bull

Vagina, uterus, oviducts of cow

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18
Q

Reproduction Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Binary fission

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19
Q

How is Tritrichomonas foetus transmitted

A

Coitus

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20
Q

Is Tritrichomonas foetus transmission direct or indirect

A

Direct

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21
Q

What does Tritrichomonas foetus cause in cows

A 
Early abortion (*) 
Endometritis, retained placenta
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22
Q

What does Tritrichomonas foetus cause in bulls

A

Asymptomatic!

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23
Q

Can bulls infected with Tritrichomonas foetus be used in breeding

A

No!

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24
Q

Dx of Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Samples from preputial, placenta, fetus, uterus, vagina

Smear, culture, ELISA

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25
Can you use float to diagnose Tritrichomonas foetus
No!
26
What causes oral ulcers in birds
Trichomonas gallinae
27
Key morphological feature of Trichomonas gallinae
4 anterior flagella
28
Is transmission of Trichomonas gallinae direct or indirect
Direct
29
Transmission of Trichomonas gallinae
Fecal-oral: - Crop milk of mother to young - Raptor predation on infected birds - Cloacal drinking
30
What causes cankor in doves
Trichomonas gallinae
31
T/F adult birds are usually asympomatic with Trichomonas gallinae
True - c/s usually only in young birds
32
Dx Trichomonas gallinae
``` History C/S Gross lesions Organisms in saliva Smears of necrotic lesions ```
33
When do samples need to be collected to dx Trichomonas gallinae
Within 48h of death
34
What causes 'Blackhead disese'
Histomonas meleagridis
35
Morphology of Histomoas meleagridis
Pleomorphic - Amoeboid form: in intestinal lumen. In tissues, its found singularly or in clusters. Absent flagellum - Transitional form in lumen
36
Which parasites lack a cyst stage
Tritrichomonas foetus Trichomonas gallinae Histomonas malleagridis
37
What is a flagellate parasite of turkeys, chickens and other gallinaceous birds
Histomonas meleagridis
38
Is life cycle of Histomonas meleagridis direct or indirect
Direct Uses Heterakis gallinarum as paratenic host
39
Which parasite utilizes a paratenic host? What is this host
Histomonas mealagridis Uses Heterakis gallinarum or earth worms
40
Where does Heterakis gallinarum develop
Up to L3 on ground Egg ingested, hatched in CECUM
41
Transmission of Histomonas meleagridis
Direct - CLOACAL DRINKING
42
C/S Histomonas meleagridis
Yellow droppings Ruffled feathers Hanging wings/tail Cyanosis of head -- due to 2ry infection with E.coli or Clostridium
43
Are turkeys or chickens more affected by Histomonas meleagridis?
Turkeys!
44
Principle lesions of Histomonas meleagridis are found where
Cecum | Liver
45
Dx Histomonas meleagridis
C/S Heterakis eggs in fecal float Lesions (necropsy)
46
Is giardia zoonotic?
Yes!
47
Which assemblages of giardia are zoonotic
A1 (humans, ruminants, cats, dogs) A2 (humans, dogs) A3 (wild ruminants, humans, cats) B (humans, monkeys, rabbits dogs) E (sheep, goats, pigs, dogs)
48
Is giardia reportable?
In humans only
49
Morphology of giardia trophozoite
``` Single celled Fragile Tear drop shape Binucleate** 2 median bodies Ventral discs 4 flagella ```
50
Where is trophozoite of giardia found
Diarrhea
51
Morphology of giardia cyst
4 nuclei -- containing 2 trophozoites | Ventral discs
52
What is infective form of giardia
cyst
53
Reproduction of giardia
Longitudinal binary fission (every 12hr)
54
C/S giardia
Pale, greasy feces Sulfur smell, belching* Vit B12 deficiency Weight loss, dry skin, poor coat
55
D/x giardia
Cysts in fecal float ELISA IFAT
56
What causes Amoebiasis (ameobic dysentery) in dogs, humans, primates?
Entamoeba histolytica
57
Each Entamoeba histolytica cyst has how many trophs?
4
58
Each giardia cyst has how many trophs
2
59
Is Entamoeba histolytica zoonotic
Yes!
60
T/F - Entamoeba histolytica is of serious importance to domestic animals
False - mainly to humans/primates
61
C/S amoebiasis **
``` Abdomonial pain Intermittent diarrhea Anorexia Malaise Feces with blood and mucus ```
62
What forms flask shaped ulcers. Where? **
Entamoeba histolytica Cecum, colon, rectal mucosa (maybe liver)
63
Can amoebiasis be life threatening? **
YES - pulmonary, CNS involvement
64
Dx Entamoeba histolytica
``` Fecal float ELISA PCR Radiograph Ultrasound MRI ```
65
What is an important pathogen of captive reptiles? Is it zoonotic?
Entamoeba invadens Zoonotic!*
66
Life cycle of Entamoeba invadens
Direct Cecal-oral contamination
67
Where in body is Entamoeba invadens found
Intestines
68
Morphology of Entamoeba invadens trophs and cysts
Trophs: central endosome Cysts: 1-4 nuclei, central endosome
69
Where would Entamoeba invadens lesions be found
Intestinal tract
70
Dx entamoeba invadens
``` ELISA IFAT PCR DNA Hemagluttination ```
71
Which parasite is a normal commensal of cecum and colon? Is it zoonotic?
Balantidium coli Zoonotic!
72
Morphology of Balantidium coli
Ciliate Trophs: large, kidney shaped macronucleus, small micronucleus, cystostome (mouth). Covered in CILIA! * Cysts: round, clear wall, kidney shaped macronucleus
73
Macronuclei are found in
Balantidium coli
74
Central endosomes are found in
Entamoeba invadens
75
Life cycle Balantidium coli
Direct Fecal oral* (cysts)
76
Where does Balantidium coli encyst in body?
Distal gut
77
What is normal cause of infection with Balantidium coli
Sewage water
78
C/s Balantidium coli*
Asymptomatic! ``` Recurrent watery diarrhea Nausea Epigastric pain Vomiting Colic ```
79
Which organisms may invade previous created lesions in gut, causing deep ulcers and even perforations
Balantidium coli
80
Dx Balantidium coli
Trophozoites in diarrhea | Cysts in formed stool
81
A snake has intestinal ulceration. What is the likely cause? How would you make a confirmatory diagnosis?
Entamoeba invadens ELISA, IFAT, PCR
82
A dog owner complains of intermittent diarrhea, abdominal pain and lack of appetite. These signs are waxing and waning. What do you suspect the client to have? Is this a life threatening condition?
Entamoeba histolytica Can be life threatening if it spreads to the pulmonary tract or CNS
83
A farmer complains his dairy cows keep aborting in early pregnancy. His bull seems fine. What do you suspect?
Tritrichomonas foetus Bulls are asymptomatic - stop breeding
84
A chicken farmer brings in a group of young hatchlings with mouth ulcers. He says the adult chickens seem fine. What do you suspect?
Trichomonas gallinae | Adults tend to be asymptomatic
85
A cat is brought in for having pale, sulfer smelling feces. What do you suspect
Giardia
86
A dog owner comes in and is mentioning how she sometimes has these watery diarrhea stool. What do you suspect
Ballintinium coli - can be asymptomatic

Parasitology (6 decks)

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