Quiz 6

Question 1

Random Drift

Answer 1

change in gene frequencies in small populations due purely to chance

Question 2

Random Mating

Answer 2

mating system in which each animal has an equal opportunity to mate with any animal of the opposite sex

Question 3

Nonrandom mating

Answer 3

mating system in which males are not randomly assigned to females

Question 4

Positive assortative mating

Answer 4

mating of similar individuals (i.e. black to black, tall to tall)

Question 5

Negative assortative mating

Answer 5

mating of dissimilar individuals (i.e. black to red, tall to short)

Question 6

Migration

Answer 6

movement of animal from one breeding population to another

Question 7

Notation
___: proportion of animals in the combined population that are migrants
___: proportion of animals in the combined population that are natives

Answer 7

m

1-m

Question 8

Notation
___: frequency of the recessive allele in the combined population
where qm=(1-m)qn+(m)qmi
___: frequency of the recessive natives
___: frequency of the recessive in migrants

Answer 8

qm
qn
qmi

Question 9

Change in gene frequency due to migration depends upon..

Answer 9

the relative difference in size between the two populations

the diversity of the gene frequencies

Question 10

The greatest change occurs when the number of migrants is _____ compared to the number of natives and when the gene and genotypic frequencies are _____.

Answer 10

large

vastly different

Question 11

Mutation

Answer 11

alternation in DNA sequence

Question 12

Non-recurrent mutations

Answer 12

one time mutations—of little consequences unless it provides selective advantage

Question 13

Recurrent mutation

Answer 13

mutational events with characteristic rates—usually occur at low frequencies

Question 14

Selection

Answer 14

process by which some individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 15

Natural selection

Answer 15

influence of environment on the probability that a particular phenotype will survive and reproduce

Question 16

Fitness

Answer 16

capability of a phenotype and corresponding genotype to survive and reproduce

Question 17

Artificial selection

Answer 17

restrictions imposed by man

Question 18

Major force in changing gene frequency

Answer 18

selection

Question 19

Allows identification of known carriers or possible carriers

Answer 19

pedigree information

Question 20

Progeny testing

Answer 20

Processed used to help predict an individual’s breeding values involving multiple matings of that individual and evaluation of its progeny; used to determine genotype of a sire
Can only prove a sire is a carrier

Question 21

Test cross

Answer 21

mating designed to reveal the genotype of an individual for a small number of loci

Question 22

Most genetic defects can be categorized as _____-controlled by one gene

Answer 22

qualitative

Question 23

Carrier

Answer 23

individual that is heterozygous for a recessive gene but does not exhibit the recessive trait, looks normal

Question 24

Inbreeding

Answer 24

mating of individuals that are related

Question 25

Curly calf syndrome

Answer 25

Lethal condition characterized by lightweight calves with curved spine, extended and contracted limbs and a thin appearance

Question 26

Neuropathic Hydrocephalus (NH)

Answer 26

Lethal condition characterized by absence of central nervous system tissue, hydrocephalus, skull malformation, and arthrogyposis