Quiz 6

Question 1

FLow chart outlining the steps in protein transcription and translation

Answer 1

DNA-> transcription-> mRNA-> translation -> Protein

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

• You have 23 pairs of chromosomes

- Contain genes

Question 3

Each pair of chromosomes is made of

Answer 3

2 homologous chromosomes

Question 4

Homologous chromosomes have

Answer 4

the same genes but may have different alleles of those genes
One is from your dad and one is from your mom
This means you will have 2 alleles of each gene

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

In general, one gene codes for one protein

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

a variant of a gene

Question 7

Proteins are essential to

Answer 7

all aspects of cell structure and function

Question 8

three classes of proteins that are vital to cell function

Answer 8

Structural proteins
Enzymes
Regulatory proteins

Question 9

Structural Proteins

Answer 9

support cells and tissues

Question 10

Enzymes

Answer 10

That carry out metabloic functions

Question 11

Regulatory proteins

Answer 11

That determine how and when genetic information is expressed to manufacture proteins

Question 12

These will be on the test!!!!

Answer 12

What do genes do?
What exactly is DNA?
How do we get proteins?
What is RNA?

Question 13

Gene theory

Answer 13

-Characteristics of an organism is determined by information encoded in DNA in the genes

Question 14

Genes are made of

Answer 14

DNA where information is stored as a sequence

there sequences lead to the formation of proteins

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Composed of 4 different nucleotides linked together
-consist of :
Ribose sugar (5 carbon sugar)
Phospate group
A nitrogen containing base

Question 16

4 Nucleotides

Answer 16

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 17

Nucleotide Pairing

Answer 17

Adenine always pairs with Thymine (2 hydrogen bonds)

Guanine always pairs with Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)

Question 18

DNA Replication

Answer 18

Two strands of the parent double helix unwind, and each specifies a new daughter strand by base-pairing rules
Each new DNA molecule becomes of one new and one old strand
Replication is semi-conservative

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

Single stranded
four bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil (replaces Thymine)
Makes a copy of DNA
Take copy from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 20

tRNA

Answer 20

transefer RNA

brings amino acids to synthesize proteins

Question 21

rRNA

Answer 21

ribosomal RNA

-Component of ribosomes

Question 22

Ribosomes

Answer 22

Read the mRNA that moves through the cytosplasm

Use the code found on the mRNA as instructions for making proteins

Question 23

Proteins

Answer 23

long chain of amino acids

Question 24

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 24

Mutations cause change in DNA resulting in a changed protein
alters red blood cells
recessive trait: people who are homozygous recessive develop disease

Question 25

Gregor Mendel

Answer 25

explained basic principles of genetics and inheritance studies on pea plants discoveries ignored at the time

Question 26

Gene

Answer 26

basic unit of heredity | -diploid organisms possess 2 copies of each gene

Question 27

locus (loci)

Answer 27

a gene's physical location on a chromosome

Question 28

Remember 1,2,3

Answer 28

1. Gene (T=1) 2. Alleles (T or t) 3. Genotypes (TT, Tt, tt)

Question 29

Genotype

Answer 29

genetic makeup (specific alleles of an organism)

Question 30

Homozygous

Answer 30

when both alleles for a certain gene are identical

Question 31

Heterozygous

Answer 31

when the alleles for a certain gene are different

Question 32

Phenotype

Answer 32

the physical traits of an organism ex: your actual blood type determined by genotype

Question 33

Recessive Allele

Answer 33

2 copies of this allele are necessary to see the phenotype

Question 34

Dominant Allele

Answer 34

Only one copy pf this allele is necessary to see its phenotype

Question 35

Mendel's Law of Segregation

Answer 35

states that alleles for a single gene will separate from each other during meiosis

Question 36

Monohybrid Crosses Illustrate

Answer 36

The law of segregation

Question 37

Monohybrid

Answer 37

``` cross between two heterozygote parents only looking at one gene Offspring: Phenotypic ratio = 3:1 Genotypic ratio = 1:2:1 ```

Question 38

2nd Law of Inheritance

Answer 38

alleles of unlinked genes assort themselves independently

Question 39

Unlinked genes

Answer 39

genes that are found on different chromosomes

Question 40

Dihybrid Crosses Illustrate the Law of Independent

Answer 40

Foil rule a cross between two parents who are both heterozygotes for two unlinked genes Offspring: Phenotypic ratio= 9:3:3:1

Question 41

Exceptions to Mendelian Genetics

Answer 41

Incomplete Dominance

Question 42

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 42

The phenotypes of different alleles are blended together to form an intermediate phenotype Neither allele is dominant results in intermediate phenotype

Question 43

Why is colorblindess commonly in males

Answer 43

genes that produce photopigments are carried on the X chromosome males only have one x chromosome as opposed to females who have 2

Question 44

Nondisjunction

Answer 44

Occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during Meiosis

Question 45

Genetic Syndromes causes by chromosomal nondisjunction

Answer 45

Triple-X syndrome Klinefelter's Syndrome Turner's Syndrome Jacob's Syndrome

Question 46

Triple X Syndrome

Answer 46

female, often sterile and may be mentally retarded

Question 47

Klinefelter's syndrome

Answer 47

male, more feminine characteristics, mat be taller

Question 48

Turner's Syndrome

Answer 48

female, no sexual maturation

Question 49

Jacob's Syndrome

Answer 49

sexually normal male