Last Quiz!

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

Gas Exchange (O2 to tissues, removal of CO2 from the system)

Question 2

Circulation

Answer 2

Transport of nutrients, gases, hormones, blood, etc. through the body

Question 3

Small aquatic organisms achieve gas exchange through

Answer 3

diffusion

ex: sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms

Question 4

Lungs must be kept _____ for gas exchange

Answer 4

moist

Question 5

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 5

Naval Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 6

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 6

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Lungs

Question 7

Air Flow

Answer 7

Nostril 
Pharynx 
Larynx
Trachea 
Bronchi 
Lung 
Bronchioles 
Alveoli

Question 8

Alveoli

Answer 8

Sacs
One cell thick
Covered by capillaries
Where gas exchange occurs

Question 9

Three parts to the circulatory system

Answer 9

Circulatory fluid
Interconnecting tubes
Pump (heart)

Question 10

Open System

Answer 10

The circulatory fluid directly bathes the organs

Question 11

Closed System

Answer 11

Confined to vessels

Question 12

Red Blood Cells

Answer 12

Erythocytes
Transport O2 and CO2
No nucleus in human RBC

Question 13

White Blood Cells

Answer 13

leukocytes
Primary protect the body from infection
Have a nucleus

Question 14

Platelets

Answer 14

Aid in blood clotting

Form scabs

Question 15

Arteries

Answer 15

Thicker walled
Mostly oxygenated blood
Branch into smaller and smaller arterioles

Question 16

Veins

Answer 16

Thinner Walled
Mostly deoxygenated blood
Have one-way valves

Question 17

Capillaries

Answer 17

Smallest and thinnest

Allows for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 18

Fish Circulation

Answer 18

Atrium - collects blood from the body
Ventricle- blood from the atrium
Blood Movement- Gills, Body, Back to heart
Problems- Drop in blood pressure to movement through 2 capillary beds

Question 19

Amphibian Circulation

Answer 19

Three Chambered Heart
Right Atrium- deoxygenated Blood
Left atrium - Oxygenated Blood
Ventricle- Blood mixes

Question 20

Reptile Circulation

Answer 20

Ventricle now has a septum 
Lizards, snakes, and turtles- septum does not fully divide, blood mixes, considered a 3-chambered heart 
Crocodile/Bird 
- Almost completely closed septum 
- considered 4 chambered heart

Question 21

Double Circuit Circulation

Answer 21

Having a 4-chambered heart allows for the bood to be pumped to lungs and then back to the heart before moving to the body

• keep blood pressure higher, compensates for drop at gas exchange
• More eddicient to meet high energy demands

Question 22

Human Circulation

Answer 22

Body, Superior and inferior vena cava, Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body

Question 23

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 23

Between right atrium ventricle

Question 24

Bicuspid Valve

Answer 24

Between left atrium and ventricle “Tri before you by”

Question 25

Tricuspid, bicuspid, and semilunar valves

Answer 25

Prevents backflow during contractions

Question 26

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 26

Volume in a normal breath

Question 27

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 27

Volume of air that can be inhaled after normal breath

Question 28

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 28

Volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal breath

Question 29

Vital Capacity =

Answer 29

TV=IRV=ERV

Question 30

Heart Conduction | Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 30

Starts the depolarization wave | Atria contract

Question 31

ECG

Answer 31

Electrocardiogram represents thee electrical conduction across the heart P-Wave: depolarization wave moves across atria QRS Complex- ventricular depolarization T-Wave - repolarization of ventricles

Question 32

Systole

Answer 32

Top number in Blood Pressure Ventricular contraction - extra pressure on arteries Normal range 90-130

Question 33

Diastole

Answer 33

Bottom number in blood pressure Ventricles relax arterial pressure drops normal 60-90

Question 34

MAP

Answer 34

mean arteriole pressure weighted average of the systolic and diastolic pressures Used to make direct comparisons between treatments or individuals

Question 35

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 35

Brain and spinal cord | Coordinates activities that enable an organism to survive in its environment

Question 36

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 36

Includes sensory and motor neurons | Everything else but brain and spinal cord

Question 37

Nerve

Answer 37

Bundle of neurons

Question 38

Neuron

Answer 38

a specialized cell that conducts nerve impulses

Question 39

Dendrites

Answer 39

receives messages

Question 40

Soma

Answer 40

cell body, contains nucleus

Question 41

Axon

Answer 41

conducts nerve impulses | insulated by a myelin sheath (faster electrical conduction)

Question 42

Synapse

Answer 42

gap between two neurons | signals are passed between the two cells via neurotransmitters

Question 43

Synaptic Terminal

Answer 43

end of axons | upon nerve impulse, signal, neurotransmitters are stimulated

Question 44

Neurotransmitters

Answer 44

More than 100 different ones in animals Categorized by size or structure Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters -like brake and accelerator on a car All nervous systems operate in this way, combined excitatory and inhibitory actions of neurotranmitters

Question 45

Five Senses

Answer 45

Taste, Smell, Touch, Hearing, SIght

Question 46

Chemoreception

Answer 46

Taste and Smell

Question 47

Mechanoreception

Answer 47

Touch and Hearing