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Bio 113 Lab > Quiz 10 > Flashcards

Quiz 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Protostomes

A

Spiral and determinate

Blastopore forms mouth

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2
Q

Deuterostomes

A

Radial and indeterminate
Blastopore forms anus “second mouth”
Echinoderm and Vertebrate

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3
Q

Echinodermata

A 
Spiny protective skins
Penta-radial symmetry 
water vascular system with tube feet
slow moving/ sessile 
Calcite skeleton 
Coelom has circulatory, respiratory and excretory functions
6 classes
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4
Q

Chordata

A 
Does NOT mean vertebrates 
because they do not all have a calcified backbone
Notochord 
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
Pharyngeal Gill Slits 
Post anal tail 
endostyle/thyroid gland
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5
Q

Notochord

A

flexible longitudinal rod of cartilage located between the gun and the dorsal nerve cord
In humans and some other chordates, they are replaced by vertebral column or disks

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6
Q

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord

A

Ectoderm that has rollup into a tube
Hollow dorsal to notochord
Will develop into the central nervous system

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7
Q

Pharyngeal Gill Slits

A

Openings between the pharynx and outside in primitive organisms
Filter food and particles cam also be used for gas exchange
Develop into head/neck structures in terrestrial vertebrates

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8
Q

Post anal tails

A 
Tail that extends past anus 
Contains skeletal elements and muscles 
Propulsion for aquatic animals 
Lost in humans 
Sometimes only seen in development
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9
Q

Sea Lancelets

A

Bilateral symmetry
Adult retains all 4 chordate characteristics
ID slide

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10
Q

Tunicates (sea squirts)

A

Most primitive chordate group
Larvae free swimming have all 4 characteristics
Be able to ID larva slide and preserved adults
Know structures described in 12-3 and 12-4

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11
Q

Agnathans

A

Jawless vertebrates
Hagfish:
skeleton and skull made of cartilage no backbone (not vertebrate)
well developed notochord
excretes copious amounts of mucous as defense mechanism

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12
Q

Lampreys

A 
Also agnathans 
jawless 
adults are parasitic
rasping tounge to suck blood 
No mineralized skeleton 
Rudimentary backbone
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13
Q

Superclass Gnathostomata

A

backbone that replaces most of the notochord and ecases the nerve cord
Bony skull surrounds the brain
1. Two sets of paired appendages (fins) or tetrapods(legs or wings)
2. Have jaws
example: sharks and gorillas

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14
Q

Chondricthyes

A 
Sharks, skates, and rays 
"Skeleton" made of cartilage 
teeth and some vertebrae are calcified but not true mineralized skeleton 
have jaws
have paired appendages 
Placoid scales look like teeth
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15
Q

Osteichthyes

A

Bony fish

Class Actinopterygii, Sarcopterygii, and Dipnoi

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16
Q

Actinopterygil

A

Ray-finned Fishes
Bony rays with tissue in between
swim bladder allows for natural buoyancy
ex. carp, perch, bass

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17
Q

Sarcopterygii

A

Lobe-finned Fishes
Bones in appendages homologous to those of tetrapods
Most members extinct
Coelacanths

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18
Q

Lungfishes

A 
Dipnoi
Have both gills and lungs
Can walk on their fins for short periods of time 
Live in stagnant ponds and swamps 
Hibernate in mud in dry periods
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19
Q

Be able to ID Fish Features

A

pg 234

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20
Q

Vertebrates come ashore

A

Developing:

  1. Amniotic Eggs
  2. A protective integument (skin)
21
Q

Amphibia

A

Frogs, toads, and salamanders
Incompletely terrestrial
skin contains keratin to protect against some desiccation
Gas exchange through their moist skin
eggs laid in water and fertilized externally
not amniotic

22
Q

The Amniotic Egg

A

Be able to label parts and functions
Amnion: fluid filled membrane that protects the embryo
allantois: membrane used in gas exchange and waste removal
Yolk Sac: nourishes the embryo
Chorion: encloses the embryo and all internal membranes
Shell: prevents desiccation and allows gas exchange
Includes Reptiles and Mammals

23
Q

Reptiles: Snakes, Lizards, Turtles, Crocodiles, and Birds

A

Most are strictly terrestrial
Tough skin made of keratin does not need to prevent water loss
Leathery shells on amniotic eggs prevent water loss

24
Q

Class Aves

A 
Birds 
Hollow Skeleton, allows flight
Feathers- warmth, flight, and mating 
no bladder 
Eggs laid externallu 
Hollow bones, feathers, and wings for flight adaptations
25
Q

Class Mammalia

A

Humans, cats, dogs, ect.

26
Q

Mammals

A 
All mammals are warm blooded 
Most young are born alive 
They have hair or fur on their bodies 
Every mammal is a vertebrate 
All mammals have lungs to breathe air 
Mammals feed milk to their babies
Muscle diaphram 
Red blood cells 
Three middle ear bones
27
Q

The digestive system

A
  1. Enzymatic and mechanical (chewing and stomach churning) breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules
  2. Absorption of smaller molecules (amino acisd, glucose, monoglycerides and two free fatty-acids) into the bloodstream with eventual delivery at the cellular level
28
Q

4 stages of the Digestive System

A

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

29
Q

Nutrition

A

process of consuming and using food and nutrients

30
Q

Nutrient

A

any substance consumed by an animal that is needed for survival, growth, development, tissue repair, or reproduction
All organisms require nutrients to survive

31
Q

Components of Digestive Tract

Ingestion

A

Oral cavity-mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus

32
Q

Components of Digestive Tract

Digestion

A

Stomach

Small intestine

33
Q

Absorption

A

Small intestine

Large intestine or colon

34
Q

Digestive system works in concert with

A

Excretory system

Circulatory system

35
Q

How do we break down food?

A

Mechanical: chewing
Enzymatic: Using enzymes, a type of protein that breaks down larger molecules into their smaller components

36
Q

Enzymes

A

are molecular scissors

37
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Monomers- monosachharides like glucose and fructose

Polymer- starch

38
Q

Lipids

A

Monomers- fatty acids and glycerol

Polymer - lipids, triglycerols

39
Q

Proteins

A

Monomer- amino acids

Polymers- Proteins

40
Q

How are proteins broken down?

A

Pepsin in the stomach, and trypsin and chymotrypsin in the small intestine
The small intestine enzymes complete digestion to amino acids
They are absorbed in the small intestine and transported into intestinal cells and the blood stream

41
Q

Digestion of Carbohydrates

A

Starts in the mouth by salivary amylase
Breaks into dissacharides
additional starch digestion occurs in small intestine by pancreatic amylase
Absorbed in the small intestine

42
Q

Lipids

A

Most ingested lipids are in the form of triglycerides

Digestion takes place entirely in small intestine

43
Q

Biuret Test (Testing for proteins)

A

React with peptide bonds
Chains of amino acids
Positive test results purple
any other color is negative

44
Q

Ninhydrin (Tests for proteins)

A

Tests for single amino acids
Reacts with free amino groups
positive test results are purple and yellow

45
Q

Testing for Carbs:

Lugol’s Test

A

Indicates the presence or absence of Starch
Mono and disaccharides will test negative
Postive test results are black/Purple color

46
Q

Testing for lipids

A

Phenol Red Indicator
Fats are neutral when they are broken into monomers of fatty acids they become acidic
red-> yellow means more acidic

47
Q

Excretory System Components

A

Kidney
Bladder
Urethra

48
Q

Functions

A 
Maintain osmoregulatory balance 
Remove matabolic wastes 
Refulate body fluid volume 
Regulate blood pressure 
Reuglate body salt and electolyte components 
Regulate blood pH

Bio 113 Lab (9 decks)

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