quiz 6 Flashcards
how do we diagnose listeria
culture, gram stain
what diseases does listeria cause
meningitis in pregnant, granulomatous infantiseptica, spontaneous abortion. outbreaks are uncommon
how does leprosy infect
PGL-1 macros and peripheral nerves (schwann cells). respiratory route
what temperature does leprosy grow
colder than body.
what is the immune reaction in tuberculoid leprosyu
Th1. mainly T cell. this has the ability to spontaneously remit. there are only little bacteria found.
mycobacter cell wall
mycolic acid, peptidoglycan, waxy and impermeable to antibiotics.
is TB prevalent
yes 33% of the worlds population
how many people does the average infected person infect
20
is antibiotic resistance a problem with TB
yes
how long to culture TB and on what media
2-4 weeks on lowenstein-jensin media
parvovirus genome
ssDNA
what is the cellular receptor for parvovirus
blood antigen P. found mainly in the bone marrow. infects presursor
what family does rubella belong
togavirdae
what is the periodicity of parvovirus infection
there are outbreaks about every five years. although there are some infected every year.
how is parvovirus spread
blood transfusion, pregnancy, respiratory droplets.
do the paramyoviruses have segmented genomes
no. the orthomyxoviruses do
RSV occurs when
in the winter
what is RSV and what is it related to
paramyxovirus. related to metapneumovirus
where is the hypervariable region for RSV
in the G protein. this accounts for reinfection
what are some therapies for RSV
supportive, patent airway, nebulized ribaviron, palivizumab.
rickettsia
intracellular pathogen. small genome. gram negative.
how are rickettsia spread
through arthropod vectors. maintained in the environment by animals
what does rickettsia infect
endothelial cells
what is the hallmark of scabies
interdigitary burrows
what is the treatment for bartonella henselae cat scratch fever
self limiting
how is scabies transmitted
by transfer of eggs, larvae or mites to the host skin
what is scabies
it is a mite that burrows in the skin sercopti scabieai
is scabies common
one of the three most common skin infections of children
what is the best way to diagnose salmonella typhi
culture of the bone marrow
what is used for the treatment of salmonella typhi
cetriaxone, azithromycin. vaccination!
does schistosomiasis form granuloma
yes. around eggs
what immune response is responsible for the granulomas of schistosomiasis. how do they heal
eosinophilic, INF and TNF responses. typically with fibrosis
what are the clinical features of schistosomiasis
skin itch after water, katayama syndrome with dry cough and changes on chest x, nonspecific malaise and tiredness, blood in urine
characteristics of s pneumo
bullet shaped, capsule, optochin sensitive, alpha hemolytic, resistant to penicillin. does not produce coagulase.
what is the most important virulence factor of s penumo
caspule
discuss the capsule of s penumo
antigenically diverse, anti-phagocytic, immunogenic in children over 2yrs of age.
techoic acid
present in all gram + cell walls.
lipotechoic acid
also present in all gram + cell walls
DOC for strep throat, why treat
penicillin. to avoid rheumatic fever
what are people with rheumatic fever required to do
prophylax antibiotic
is toxoplasmosis gondii intracellular
yes.
what is the definitive host for toxo
cat
rapidly dividing toxo
tachyzoite this is the extracellular stage
how do we acquire infection
through ingestion of occyst in soil. water ingestion as well.
how can we prevent the transmission of toxo
through heating and freeze-thawing meats.
how is trapanosome transmitted
tsetse fly
how to prevent trapanosome
coregated roofs instead of thatched, limits triemtorine bug population. insectacide treated traps for tsetse flies. screening blood products
what is the treatment for aspergillus
amphotericin B and vorcionazole
