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generic Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of immune response is tuleremia

A

granulomatous. type IV HSR

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2
Q

where is tuleremia most often to occur

A

okalahoma, arkansas, missouri.

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3
Q

how is tuleremia acquired

A

through tick bite or handling of animal carcasses

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4
Q

what is the presentation of progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

A

aphasia, hemiparesis, cortical blindness, ataxia. cognitive deterioration, widespread areas of T2 signal. diffuse slowing of the white matter. abnormal giant olgiodendrocytes with eosinophilic inclusions.

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5
Q

how does rabies present

A

eosinophilic inclusions in the grey matter. signs are salivation, hallucinations, hydrophobia.

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6
Q

what is the presentation of subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis

A

previous measles. effects gray and white matter. usually occurs before the age of 18

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7
Q

what does pseudomonas look like on blood agar

A

colorless colonies.

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8
Q

what is the exotoxin that pseudomonas produces

A

Exotoxin A. this ribosylates eEF2.

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9
Q

what is a rare consequence of lyme

A

heart block.

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10
Q

what organisms cause athletes foot

A

trichophyton, microsporidium, epidermophyton

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11
Q

what is the significance of spherules

A

yeast forms characteristic of coccidiodes immitis. think san joaquin valley fever

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12
Q

guarnieri bodies

A

cytoplsamic inclusions of small pox.

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13
Q

what viral family causes syncytia

A

paramyxo and herpesvirdae. measles

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14
Q

clonorchis sinesis

A

oriental liver fluke. causes hemolysis and can eventually cause pigment stones.

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15
Q

how is clonorchis sinesis contracted

A

through water that contains infected snails. we can eat fish containing the micronidia or through direct infection. they colonize the liver.

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16
Q

what is the presentation of rocky mountain spotted fever

A

fever, maculopapular rash that begins in the hands and feet and moves centripitally to the trunk. shares the same vector as tuleremia

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17
Q

best clues for paracoccidoides

A

latin america and multiply-budding yeast

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18
Q

what are the most common causes of otitis media

A

strep. pneumoniae, h flu, morexella catarrhalis

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19
Q

Naegleri fowleri

A

ameba that lives in fresh water lakes. the act of diving forces the ameba into the cribiform plate and gives people meningioencephalitis. there is a loss of the sense of smell from damage to the ol factory bulbs

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20
Q

lymphogranuloma venereum

A

caused by chlamydia trachomatis. forms large abscessed lymph nodes called buboes.

21
Q

what is the histological appearance of a buboe

A

stellate abscess.

22
Q

what is granuloma inguinale

A

caused by klebsiella granulomatis painless genital ulcers that develop into red granulatomatous ulcers that bleed easily. formation of pseudobuboes are the result of subcutaneous spread of granuloma

23
Q

cryptosporidium parvum

A

multiplies intracellularly within the brush border of the intestine causing severe diarrhea and fluid loss in the immunocompromised.

24
Q

how do we identify cryptosporidium

A

acid fast staining of the oocysts.

25
Q

chronic infection that causes polyarthritis, petechial rash, tenderness of the tendon sheaths.

A

neisseria gonnhorea arthritis.

26
Q

why is neisseria gonnorhea arthritis chronicq

A

because of antigenic and phase variation of its pili

27
Q

what other signs of neisseria gonnorhea arthritis are there

A

high leukocyte in the joint spaces. there are signs of an endotoxin rash.

28
Q

what is the presentation of parvovirus in adults

A

swollen, red joints. arthalgias. symmetrical distribution is similar to RA. 3-4 post exposure to B19.

29
Q

what area of the spinal cord is effected by polio virus

A

anterior horns

30
Q

what aspect of the column is affected by tabes dorsalis

A

dorsal columns and dorsal roots. demylination. there is loss of pain sensation, peripheral reflexes and impairment of vibration and position. progressive sensory ataxia.

31
Q

what is the hallmark of tertiary syphilis

A

there are gummas, neuro, argyl-robertson pupil, tabes dorsalis,

32
Q

how to test for candida

A

germ-tube test

33
Q

what does candida look like

A

short-germinating, nonseptate true hyphae.

34
Q

how does it present in women

A

white, cottage cheese-like discharge from the vagina. vaginal itching.

35
Q

how does sporotrix present

A

rosettes of micronidia. get it from picking roses.

36
Q

macronidia

A

environmental form of histoplasma

37
Q

how does histoplasmosis present

A

central america (ohio, mississippi) fever, chest pain, dry cough. calcified masses within the lung.

38
Q

histoplasma

A

has no cell wall. (similar to mycoplasma), intracellular yeast.

39
Q

what do we usually attribute campylobacter to

A

poultry products

40
Q

what does parvo B19 cause to a fetus

A

non-immune mediated hydrops fetalis. it causes hemolytic anemia, making the heart overwork and the fetus dies of high output heart failure

41
Q

diabetic foot ulcer black necrotic center

A

pseudomonas

42
Q

RSV life cycle

A

negative sense so it uses virally associated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

43
Q

how can we test for pneumocystis

A

it will be an extrecellular atypical fungus that stains with methenamine

44
Q

what genes are more likely to be transferred closer to OriT or closer to tra

A

oriT

45
Q

staph epidermidis

A

gram (+), coagulase (-), catalase (+). forms biofilms.

46
Q

what is the preferred test for cryptococcus neoformans

A

latex particle agglutination. india ink is always used for the CSF, but its not the best…

47
Q

what is a community acquired causes of lobar cavitation

A

klebsiella pneumonia

48
Q

yellow-green discharge, spotty redening of the cervix

A

trichomonas. the strawberry cervical mucosa should give it away

49
Q

what does cholera grow on

A

alkaline media

shelf micro (11 decks)

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