generic Flashcards
what kind of immune response is tuleremia
granulomatous. type IV HSR
where is tuleremia most often to occur
okalahoma, arkansas, missouri.
how is tuleremia acquired
through tick bite or handling of animal carcasses
what is the presentation of progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
aphasia, hemiparesis, cortical blindness, ataxia. cognitive deterioration, widespread areas of T2 signal. diffuse slowing of the white matter. abnormal giant olgiodendrocytes with eosinophilic inclusions.
how does rabies present
eosinophilic inclusions in the grey matter. signs are salivation, hallucinations, hydrophobia.
what is the presentation of subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis
previous measles. effects gray and white matter. usually occurs before the age of 18
what does pseudomonas look like on blood agar
colorless colonies.
what is the exotoxin that pseudomonas produces
Exotoxin A. this ribosylates eEF2.
what is a rare consequence of lyme
heart block.
what organisms cause athletes foot
trichophyton, microsporidium, epidermophyton
what is the significance of spherules
yeast forms characteristic of coccidiodes immitis. think san joaquin valley fever
guarnieri bodies
cytoplsamic inclusions of small pox.
what viral family causes syncytia
paramyxo and herpesvirdae. measles
clonorchis sinesis
oriental liver fluke. causes hemolysis and can eventually cause pigment stones.
how is clonorchis sinesis contracted
through water that contains infected snails. we can eat fish containing the micronidia or through direct infection. they colonize the liver.
what is the presentation of rocky mountain spotted fever
fever, maculopapular rash that begins in the hands and feet and moves centripitally to the trunk. shares the same vector as tuleremia
best clues for paracoccidoides
latin america and multiply-budding yeast
what are the most common causes of otitis media
strep. pneumoniae, h flu, morexella catarrhalis
Naegleri fowleri
ameba that lives in fresh water lakes. the act of diving forces the ameba into the cribiform plate and gives people meningioencephalitis. there is a loss of the sense of smell from damage to the ol factory bulbs
lymphogranuloma venereum
caused by chlamydia trachomatis. forms large abscessed lymph nodes called buboes.
what is the histological appearance of a buboe
stellate abscess.
what is granuloma inguinale
caused by klebsiella granulomatis painless genital ulcers that develop into red granulatomatous ulcers that bleed easily. formation of pseudobuboes are the result of subcutaneous spread of granuloma
cryptosporidium parvum
multiplies intracellularly within the brush border of the intestine causing severe diarrhea and fluid loss in the immunocompromised.
how do we identify cryptosporidium
acid fast staining of the oocysts.
chronic infection that causes polyarthritis, petechial rash, tenderness of the tendon sheaths.
neisseria gonnhorea arthritis.
why is neisseria gonnorhea arthritis chronicq
because of antigenic and phase variation of its pili
what other signs of neisseria gonnorhea arthritis are there
high leukocyte in the joint spaces. there are signs of an endotoxin rash.
what is the presentation of parvovirus in adults
swollen, red joints. arthalgias. symmetrical distribution is similar to RA. 3-4 post exposure to B19.
what area of the spinal cord is effected by polio virus
anterior horns
what aspect of the column is affected by tabes dorsalis
dorsal columns and dorsal roots. demylination. there is loss of pain sensation, peripheral reflexes and impairment of vibration and position. progressive sensory ataxia.
what is the hallmark of tertiary syphilis
there are gummas, neuro, argyl-robertson pupil, tabes dorsalis,
how to test for candida
germ-tube test
what does candida look like
short-germinating, nonseptate true hyphae.
how does it present in women
white, cottage cheese-like discharge from the vagina. vaginal itching.
how does sporotrix present
rosettes of micronidia. get it from picking roses.
macronidia
environmental form of histoplasma
how does histoplasmosis present
central america (ohio, mississippi) fever, chest pain, dry cough. calcified masses within the lung.
histoplasma
has no cell wall. (similar to mycoplasma), intracellular yeast.
what do we usually attribute campylobacter to
poultry products
what does parvo B19 cause to a fetus
non-immune mediated hydrops fetalis. it causes hemolytic anemia, making the heart overwork and the fetus dies of high output heart failure
diabetic foot ulcer black necrotic center
pseudomonas
RSV life cycle
negative sense so it uses virally associated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
how can we test for pneumocystis
it will be an extrecellular atypical fungus that stains with methenamine
what genes are more likely to be transferred closer to OriT or closer to tra
oriT
staph epidermidis
gram (+), coagulase (-), catalase (+). forms biofilms.
what is the preferred test for cryptococcus neoformans
latex particle agglutination. india ink is always used for the CSF, but its not the best…
what is a community acquired causes of lobar cavitation
klebsiella pneumonia
yellow-green discharge, spotty redening of the cervix
trichomonas. the strawberry cervical mucosa should give it away
what does cholera grow on
alkaline media
