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DMST 253 Adult Echocardiography 1 > Quiz 5: Module 6-8 review > Flashcards

Quiz 5: Module 6-8 review Flashcards

1
Q

With an increase in afterload, which of the following factors must increase in order to maintain the same stroke volume?

A

Contractility

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2
Q

Why do we see a reversal of S and D waves with increasing diastolic dysfunction?

A

The increased LAP does not allow PV flow into the LA during systole

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3
Q

What is the normal fractional area change of the RV?

A

_>35%

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4
Q

Calculate the RVSP

IVC exp = 20 mm
IVC insp = 14 mm
TR velocity = 3.4 m/sec

A

54 mmHg

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5
Q

Assess the cine clip below. Name two adjustments the sonographer should make in order to optimize the image?

A
  1. Landmarks - the ascending aorta is not seen due to improper probe rotation
  2. Depth- to shallow- cutting off the descending aorta
  3. Focus - all the way at the bottom of the screen - should be mid
  4. TGCs- gain is even, no adjustment needed
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6
Q

Which grade of diastolic dysfunction is associated with E’ velocity and E/e’ velocity ratio in the image above?

A

Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction

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7
Q

Calculate the aortic valve area given the variables below?

  1. LVOTd = 19mm
  2. VTI (LVOT) = 15 cm
  3. VTI (AV) = 38 cm
A

AVA = 1.12 cm^2

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8
Q

Using the numbers within the red boxes, calculate the stroke volume?

A

SV = 106 ml

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9
Q

What is compliance inverse to?

A

Stiffness

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10
Q

What grade of DD does the patient have given the values below?

  1. E/A ratio = 2.3
  2. Average E/e prime ratio = 16
  3. TR jet velocity = 3.6 m/s
  4. LAVI = 49 ml/m^2
A

Grade 3 (restrictive filling)

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11
Q

In the subcostal 4Ch view, which organ does the ultrasound beam intersect before entering the heart?

A

Liver

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12
Q

Which factor below is most likely to affect early diastolic filling?

A

Hypovolemia

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13
Q

Why does the MV inflow E wave increase so much with grade 3 diastolic dysfunction?

A

When the MV opens the high LA pressure drives the blood into the LV faster in early diastole

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14
Q

Which of the following statements best describe “inotropic force”?

A

The force of contraction

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15
Q

What is the optimal level to adjust the colour scale to when using colour doppler to interrogate the interatrial septum?

A

Approximately 40 cm/sec

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16
Q

The “crab view” from the suprasternal notch is used to image which of the following structures?

A

The pulmonary veins and LA

17
Q

Calculate the aortic valve area (AVA) given the numbers below.

  1. LVOT diameter = 1.8 cm
  2. LVOT VTI = 18 cm
  3. AV VTI = 40 cm
A

1.14 cm^2

18
Q

Calculate the fractional shortening based on the images below. Is this a normal value?

A

35% normal

19
Q

What grade of DD does the patient have given the values below?

E/A ratio 1.8
Average E/e prime ratio = 13
TR jet velocity = 3.2 m/s
LAVI = 41 ml/m^2

A

Grade 2 pseudonormal filling

20
Q

How will excessive mitral regurgitation affect the mitral valve inflow doppler profile?

A

There will be an increase to the E wave velocity

21
Q

Which grades of diastolic dysfunction coincides with increased LAP?

A

Moderate and severe NOT mild

22
Q

Where does the probe indicator point in order to acquire a standard suprasternal notch long axis view?

A

1-2 o’clock

23
Q

A student is taking an online quiz with a time limit. The questions are quite challenging, so they are feeling nervous and anxious.

What effect would this situation have on the students resting heart rate and force contraction?

A

The heart rate would likely increase due to the sympathetic nervous system

24
Q

What is the RAP given the image below?

A

15 mmHg

25
Q

Which view is best for detecting an ASD with color and spectral doppler?

A

Subcoastal 4 chamber view

26
Q

Why is the IVRT prolonged in grade 1 diastolic dysfunction?

A

The LV pressure decline is slowed during IVRT so it takes longer to fall below that of the LA

27
Q

Which of the following statements best defines the Frank-starling principle?

  1. change in pressure is equal to 4 times the velocity squared
  2. Increased preload leads to increased stroke volume
  3. Assuming there is no stenosis, the stroke volume through any point in the heart is equal to the stroke volume through any second point through the heart
  4. Preload and afterload are inversely proportional
A

Increased preload leads to increased stroke volume

28
Q

Which of the following terms refers to end diastole?

A
  1. The frame after MV closure
  2. The QRS complex
  3. The point at which we would measure LVIDd
29
Q

Calculate the cardiac output given the numbers below

LVOT diameter = 19 mm
LVOT VTI = 23 cm
Heart rate = 85 bpm

A

5.5 L/min

30
Q

What is the right atrial pressure estimate based on the parameters below?

IVC during inspiration = 10mm
IVC during expiration = 25mm

A

8 mmHg

31
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding a diseased heart?

  1. As afterload increases, stroke volume decreases
  2. As preload increases, afterload decreases
  3. Afterload increases, preload decreases
  4. As preload increases, stroke volume increases
A

As afterload increases, stroke volume decreases

32
Q

Which of the following statements describes a scenario when Dp/DT would be most useful?

  1. Severe aortic stenosis
  2. When systolic and diastolic function need to be assessed together
  3. Severe LV dysfunction with MR
  4. On cases where the apical views are limited
A

severe LV dysfunction with MR

33
Q

Calculate the cardiac output given the parameters below

EDV = 155 ml
ESV = 64 ml
HR = 70 bpm

A

Cardiac output = 6.37 L/min

34
Q

Which of the following terms is a measurement of LV systolic function?

A

MPI

DMST 253 Adult Echocardiography 1 (27 decks)

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