Module 1: Apical Anatomy

Question 1

What are visible structures in the RV in the A4C View? 4

Answer 1

1. RV free wall
2. RV cavity
3. Moderator band
4. TV- ATVL/STVL

Question 2

What visible structures are in the LV of A4C? 4

Answer 2

1. LV inferoseptal wall
2. LV anterolateral wall
3. LV cavity
4. MV (AML, PML)

Question 3

What visible structures are available in the LA of the A4C? 4

Answer 3

1. RUPV
2. LUPV
3. Left atrial appendage
4. LLPV

Question 4

What are the visible structures of the RA in A4C? 4

Answer 4

1. Coronary sinus
2. Eustachian valve
3. IVC/SVC
4. Chair network

Question 5

The most anterior chamber of the heart is what?

Answer 5

Right ventricle

Question 6

What are some A5C visible structures? 7, 4 important

Answer 6

1. LV apex
2. IVS
3. Anterolateral LV wall
4. LVOT
5. AV (RCC and LCC)
6. Proximal aorta including sinus and Valsalva
7. Part of the LA

Question 7

What apical 2 chamber structures are seen? 5

Answer 7

1. LV apex
2. LV walls (inferior and anterior wall)
3. Posteromedial papillary
4. MV (PML, AML)
5. LA
6. Coronary sinus

Question 8

What structures in apical 2 chamber is occasionally seen?

Answer 8

1. LAA (left atrial appendage - comes off laterally)
2. One or more pulmonary veins

endocardium must be well seen lining the entire LV

Question 9

What are visible structures in A3C? 8

Answer 9

1. LV apex
2. LV chamber
3. MV (AMVL, PMVL)
4. Pap muscles (PM,AL)
5. LA
6. CS
7. LVOT
8. AV (RCC, NCC)

Question 10

What does the LAD supply blood to?

Answer 10

1. Anterior heart (anterior, Anteroseptal,
2. Apex
3. Septum +- Anterolateral)

Question 11

What does the RCA supply to?

Answer 11

1. Right heart
2. Inferior walls (inferior ad interoseptal