Quiz #5 Kidneys & Fluid Balance Flashcards
Which of the following statement(s) describes how urine output changes during intense exercise?
a) Urine output increases as blood pressure increases
b) Urine output decreases as blood pressure increases
c) Urine output does not change despite an increase in blood pressure
d) Urine output increases as blood pressure decreases
e) Urine output decreases as blood pressure decreases
f) none of the above
b) Urine output decreases as blood pressure increases
What is transport maximum? Renal threshold ?
Transport maximum: The transport rates at saturation of a carrier protein; the point at which an increase on the concentration of a substance does not result in a increase in movement of a substance across a cell membrane
Renal threshold: the plasma concentration of a substance at which that substance first appears in the urine; the concentration of a substance at the transport maximum for that substance
Which of the following is an example of insensible water loss?
a) exhaled air
b) sweat
c) feces
d) urine
e) two of the above
f) three of the above
a) exhaled air
What is the link between extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and blood pressure(BP)?
a) If ECF increases, BP decreases
b) If ECF decreases, BP increases
c) If ECF increases, BP is unaffected
d) If ECF increases, BP increases
e) If ECF decreases, BP is unaffected
d) If ECF increases, BP increases
Which of the following statement(s) regarding the proximal tubule is/are FALSE?
a) It is the primary site of reabsorption
b) Reabsorption and secretion occur passively
c) Reabsorption and secretion are under hormonal control
d) Organic ions are secreted here
e) Hydrogen is secreted here
f) two of the above
c) Reabsorption and secretion are under hormonal control
The apical membrane is in contact with which fluid?
a) lumen
b) interstitial
c) peritubular
d) extracellular
e) intracellular
a) lumen
If atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) input was reduced, which of the following response(s) would occur in the body?
a) Decreased sympathetic tone
b) Vasoconstriction
c) Increased cardiac output
d) Decreased total peripheral resistance
e) two of the above
d) all of the above
b) vasoconstriction
Which of the following statement(s) about glomerular filtration rate is/are TRUE? (select all that apply)
a) Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole increases GFR
b) Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole increases GFR
c) Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole decreases GFR
d) Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole decreases GFR
e) Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole decreases GFR
f) Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole increases GFR
a) Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole increases GFR
c) Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole decreases GFR
d) Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole decreases GFR
f) Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole increases GFR
What is the immediate effect of aldosterone as it works in the kidney?
a) Directly promote water reabsorption
b) Directly promote sodium reabsorption
c) Indirectly promote calcium reabsorption
d) Directly promote stretch receptor sensitivity
e) Directly promote renin activation
f) Directly promote potassium secretion
b) Directly promote sodium reabsorption
f) Directly promote potassium secretion
Filtration that occurs in the glomerulus is influenced most significantly by the ___________ within the glomerulus.
a) temperature
b) pressure
c) temperature and pressure
d) hydration
e) Hydration, temperature, and pressure
b) pressure
An individual develops diabetic ketoacidosis due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Which of the following defense mechanisms could be used to correct this state?
a) Increase HCO3- secretion and H+ reabsorption
b) Increase HCO3- reabsorption and H+ secretion
c) Increase ventilation
d) Decrease ventilation
e) Buffers liberate more H+
f) Buffers take up extra H+
b) Increase HCO3- reabsorption and H+ secretion,
c) Increase ventilation,
f) Buffers take up extra H+
What is the correct order of filtrate through the tubular component of the nephron?
a) Proximal tubule, distal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, collecting duct
b) Proximal tubule, ascending loop of Henle, descending loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct
c) Proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct
d) Proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, distal tubule, ascending loop of Henle, collecting duct
e) none of the above
c) Proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct
A climber on Mount Everest is most likely to develop which form of acid-base imbalance?
a) respiratory acidosis
b) respiratory alkalosis
c) metabolic alkalosis
d) metabolic acidosis
e) two of the above
f) The climber will not experience an acid-base imbalance
b) respiratory alkalosis
A rise in arterial pressure causes the baroreceptors and stretch receptors to signal an inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in:
a) Decreased sodium reabsorption
b) increased sodium reabsorption
c) decreased urine output
d) increased urine output
e) two of the above
f) none of the above
d) increased urine output
Dehydration will often trigger a series of responses to reduce continued loss of fluid in the body. Which of these are similar to the response created when a person begins to exercise?
a) Conserving fluid to prevent additional losses
b) Trigger cardiovascular reflexes to increase blood pressure
c) Stimulate thirst to restore normal fluid volume
d) Two of the above are correct
e) All of the above are correct
e) All of the above are correct
