Quiz #1 Molecules & Metabolism

Question 1

Which of the following protein binding concepts may result in a reduction of binding?

a) avitivation
b) antagonists
c) modulation
c) two of the above
d) all of the above

Answer 1

b) two of the above: antagonists and modulation **

Question 2

Which of the following is/are functions performed by membrane proteins?

a) Connecting the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton
b) Catalyzing chemical reactions
c) The binding of ligands that leads to further events inside the cell
d) Transporting substances between the extracellular and intracellular environments
e) B, C, and D only
f) All of the above

Answer 2

f) all of the above

Question 3

Which statement(s) accurately describe the concentration of ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments?

a) The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of Na+ and low concentration of K+
b) The intracellular fluid has a low concentration of Na+ and high concentration of K+
c) The extracellular fluid has a high concentration of Na+ and low concentration of K+
d) The extracellular fluid has a low concentration of Na+ and high concentration of K+
e) B and C
f) A and D

Answer 3

e) B and C

Question 4

Which of the following statement(s) about lipids is/are FALSE?

a) They mostly consist of carbon and hydrogen
b) They are polar and thus not water soluble
c) They make up a large part of cell membranes
d) They are a good insulator
e) A, B, and C only

Answer 4

b) They are polar and thus not water soluble

Question 5

Which of the following epithelial cells commonly line the blood vessels?

a) Exchange epithelial cells
b) Transporting epithelial cells
c) Secretory epithelial cells
d) Protective epithelial cells
e) Ciliated epithelial cells

Answer 5

a) exchange epithelial cells

Question 6

What is the major difference between diffusion and osmosis?
a) Diffusion always happens before osmosis
b) Diffusion happens at the microscopic level but osmosis is visible to the eye
c) In osmosis, the solvent moves; in diffusion, the
solute moves
d) In osmosis, the solute moves; in diffusion, the solvent moves
e) Osmosis moves larger molecules; diffusion moves smaller molecules

Answer 6

c) In osmosis, the solvent moves; in diffusion, the solute moves

Question 7

Which of the following is/are NOT a type of connective tissue?

a) adipose tissue
b) muscle tissue
c) blood
d) cartilage
e) B and C only
f) none of the above

Answer 7

b) muscle tissue

Question 8

Cells regulate metabolism through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:

a) altering the concentration of enzymes
b) through the use of feedback mechanisms
c) using the same enzymes to catalyze reversible reactions
d) compartmentalizing enzymes within organelles
e) Monitoring the ratio of ATP and ADP
f) All of the above are mechanisms to regulate metabolism

Answer 8

c) using the same enzymes to catalyze reversible reactions

Question 9

Identify the level of organization that you would need to know in order to group cells together into categories based on their similar structure and function.

a) organ
b) organism
c) tissue
d) organelle
e) cells

Answer 9

c) tissue

Question 10

If a cell placed in solution shrinks, the solution is said to be ______ ?

a) Hypotonic, and water moves into the cell
b) Isotonic, and water moves both into and out of the cell
c) Hypertonic, and water moves into the cell
d) Hypertonic, and water moves out of the cell
e) Hypotonic, and water moves moves out of the cell

Answer 10

d) Hypertonic, and water moves out of the cell

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding catabolism is/are FALSE?

a) It involves the breakdown of large biomolecules
b) It involves a transfer of energy into covalent bonds
c) It is constantly ongoing in the body
d) It can produce intermediates that can become substrates for other reactions
e) none of the above

Answer 11

b) It involves a transfer of energy into covalent bonds

Question 12

The conversion of ATP to ADP is considered an ________ reaction.

a) endergonic
b) inorganic
c) energetic
d) infrequent
e) exergonic

Answer 12

e) exergonic

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an aspect related to diffusion?

a) the process is passive
b) directly related to temperature
c) Occurs at variable rates depending on distance
d) Movement occurs from low to high concentration until equilibrium is reached
e) Can occur in an open system or across a partition

Answer 13

d) Movement occurs from low to high concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 14

Which type of cell junction involves the direct connection of the cytoplasm of two cells by connexon pores?

a) gap junctions
b) tight junctions
c) anchoring junctions
d) leaky junctions
e) all of the above

Answer 14

a) gap junctions

Question 15

In which systems would it be beneficial to have thin layers of absorptive tissue in the body? (select all that apply)

a) nervous
b) respiratory
c) muscular
d) digestive
e) circulatory

Answer 15

b) reparatory & d) digestive & e) circulatory

Question 16

If a ligand is designed with near-identical shape to its receptor, what enzymatic principle is being used?

a) competition
b) saturation
c) conformation
d) selectivity
e) specificity

Answer 16

e) specificity

Question 17

Which of the following statement(s) about glycolysis is/are TRUE?

a) Glycolysis can be aerobic or anaerobic
b) Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol
c) Glycolysis produces a net yield of 2 ATP
d) Glycolysis yields 2 pyruvate molecules per glucose molecule
e) two of the above
f) all of the above

Answer 17

f) all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following could have an effect on the overall progress of a reaction?

a) temperature
b) enzyme concentration
c) pH
d) surface area
e) all of the above

Answer 18

e) all of the above

Question 19

A membrane bilayer consists of all of the following, EXCEPT:

a) cholesterol
b) phospholipids
c) fatty acids
d) carbohydrates
e) all of the above are apart of the bilayer

Answer 19

e) all of the above are apart of the bilayer

Question 20

Which of the following statement(s) about channel proteins is/are TRUE?

a) Transfer small ions and water; transport is rapid
b) Transfer large molecules; transport is rapid
c) Transfer small ions and water; transport is slow
d) Transport large molecules; transport is slow
e) none of the above

Answer 20

a) transfer small ions and water; transport is rapid

Question 21

Which of the following is/are TRUE of an enzymatic reaction?

a) Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction by increasing the activation energy
b) enzymes increase the rate of the reaction by decreasing the activation energy
c) Enzymes decrease the rate of the reaction by increasing the activation energy
d) Enzymes decrease the rate of the reaction by decreasing the activation energy
e) none of the above

Answer 21

b) enzymes increase the rate of the reaction by decreasing the activation energy

Question 22

What molecule is the branch point for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose?

a) pyruvate
b) Acetyl-CoA
c) NAHD
d) Glucose-6-phosphate
e) glucose-1-phosphate

Answer 22

a) pyruvate

Question 23

Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion occur at a similar rate when…

a) there is very little solute
b) there are high levels;s of solute
c) there are high levels of solvent
d) there are low levels of solvents
e) none of the above are correct

Answer 23

e) none of the above are correct

Question 24

Which of the following organelles has an intermembrane space created by its two membrane layers?

a) mitochondria
b) Golgi apparatus
c) vesicles
d) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e) nucleus

Answer 24

a) mitochondria

Question 25

Beta sheets and alpha helices are classified under what protein structure level?

a) primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary
d) quaternary
e) all of the above

Answer 25

b) secondary

Question 26

Which of the following statement(s) about covalent bonds is/are TRUE?

a) Covalent bonds are formed between two oppositely charged ions
b) Covalent bonds result from electron sharing between atoms
c) Covalent bonds release energy when they are formed
d) Covalent bonds can be polar or nonpolar
e) two of the above
f) three of the above

Answer 26

f) three of the above

Question 27

How many ATP are generated from the citric acid cycle for 1 molecule of glucose? (Note: 1 NADH = 2.5ATP; 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)

a) 30
b) 20
c) 10
d) 2
e) 4

Answer 27

b) 20

Question 28

Which cell components are involved in protein synthesis? (select all that apply)

a) nucleus
b) Golgi apparatus
c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) rough endoplasmic reticulum
e) ribosomes

Answer 28

a) nucleus
d) rough endoplasmic reticulum
e) ribosomes

Question 29

Which statement concerning negative feedback is FALSE?

a) Negative feedback exists when the input to a system increases the output and the output limits its own production by inhibiting the input
b) Negative feedback exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the change
c) With negative feedback, a control system’s input and output continue to enhance each other
d) Most of the body’s homeostatic control mechanisms operate on the principle of negative feedback
e) all of the above

Answer 29

c) With negative feedback, a control system’s input and output continue to enhance each other

Question 30

If the products of a reaction have a higher free energy than the reactants, the reaction is said to be which of the following?

a) exergonic and energy is released in the reaction
b) exergonic and energy is consumed in the reaction
c) endergonic and energy is released inn the reaction
d) endergonic and energy is consumed in the reaction
e) none of the above

Answer 30

d) endergonic and energy is consumed ion the reaction