Quiz #2 Communication & Integration

Question 1

Anna suffered a brain injury, and her neurologist has told her that there is damage to her reticular formation. Which symptom is Anna most likely to experience?

a) difficulty with language perception
b) disruption of her sleep cycles
c) inability to initiate movement
d) inability to accurately locate objects in space
e) all of the above
f) none of the above

Answer 1

b) disruption of her sleep and wake cycles

Question 2

What is the term for the minimum length of time between action potentials?

a) relative threshold period
b) transduction interval
c) absolute refractory period
e) A and C
f) None of the above

Answer 2

c) absolute refractory period

Question 3

Which of the following statement(s) about the pineal gland is/are TRUE? (select all that apply)

a) regulates sleep-wake cycles
b) part of the diencephalon
c) part of the forebrain
d) low light and dark conditions inhibit the gland
e) releases melatonin

Answer 3

a) regulates sleep-wake cycles
b) part of the diencephalon
c) part of the forebrain
e) releases melatonin

Question 4

The ventral horn of the spinal cord is responsible for:

a) Carrying messages from the muscles and glands to the brain
b) Carrying messages from one muscles to another
c) Carrying messages along the spinal cord to the internal organs
d) messages from the dorsal horn to the brain
e) none of the above

Answer 4

e) none of the above

Question 5

In summary, the hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens appeal to this aspect of human thought:

a) logic and reasoning
b) emotion
c) both logic and emotion
d) reward and motivation
e) none of the above

Answer 5

b) emotion

Question 6

Which details about the type of tissue and location of the corpus callosum are correct?

a) both grey an white matter; brain
b) grey matter; spinal cord
c) grey matter; brain
d) white matter; spinal cord
e) white matter; brain

Answer 6

e) white matter; brain

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

a) formation of myelin
b) remove damaged cells
c) production of red blood cells and cerebrospinal fluid
d) help to form the blood brain barrier
e) all of the above are functions of the glial cells

Answer 7

c) production of red blood cells ad cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

Long distance communication in the body can take place using the nervous system or the circulatory system. What substrate would be used in the circulatory system and which other system does this relate to?

a) hormone; nervous system
b) neuron; nervous sytem
c) enzyme; endocrine system
d) enzymes; nervous system
e) hornmore; endocrine system

Answer 8

e) hormone; endocrine system

Question 9

If stimulus intensity is proportional to hormone release, it means…

a) More hormone results in a stronger and longer response
b) More hormone results in a greater intensity of response
c) More hormone results in more firing in the same amount of time
d) More hormone equals a longer response
e) More hormone will not result in any change to length or frequency of effect

Answer 9

b) more hormone results in a greater intensity of response

Question 10

Neurotransmitter release occurs through which process?

a) synthesis
b) exocytosis
c) endocytosis
d) excitation
e) pinocytosis

Answer 10

c) endocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following relates more to the endocrine system than the nervous system?

a) Longer duration; specific effects
b) Longer duration; non-specific effects
c) Shorter duration; specific effects
d) Shorter duration; non-specific effects
e) None of the above

Answer 11

b) longer duration; non-specific effects

Question 12

Based on the lipophilic or lipophobic details of a hormone, it may have an effect on…

a) the function of the hormone
b) Where the hormone attaches to a receptor
c) Whether the hormone can pass through a lipid bilayer
d) Whether the hormone uses second messenger cascades
e) three of the above
f) all of the above

Answer 12

e) three of the above

Question 13

Which of the following depicts an accurate definition of an all-or-none response?

a) Either all of the axons or none of the axons will fire in the nervous system
b) All of the input must be directed toward a single axon or none of the axons will fire
c) An axon must reach a threshold level of depolarization in order to fire (through further depolarization) or it will not fire at all
d) An axon must completely repolarize before it can be depolarized again or no action will occur
e) none of the response are correct

Answer 13

c) An axon must reach a threshold level of depolarization in order to fire (through further depolarization) or it will not fire at all

Question 14

Which of the following terms references the inability for an action potential to be triggered due to a previous action potential?

a) unidirectional propagation
b) inhibitory neurotransmission
c) saltatory conduction
d) depolarization
e) refractory period

Answer 14

e) refractory period

Question 15

A spinal reflex includes transmission through which of the following components of the nervous system before a muscular reflex is triggered? (select all that apply)

a) motor neuron
b) sensory receptor
c) brain
d) spinal interneuron
e) central canal

Answer 15

a) motor neuron
b) sensory receptor
d) spinal interneuron

Question 16

Which nervous system is subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

a) sympathetic nervous system
b) central nervous system
c) parasympathetic nervous system
d) peripheral nervous system
e) skeletal nervous sytem

Answer 16

d) peripheral nervous system

Question 17

Which area of the brain allows information to travel between the left and right hemispheres?

a) corpus callosum
b) inter hemispheric tract
c) reticular formation
d) limbic system
e) thalamus
f) pons

Answer 17

a) corpus callosum

Question 18

Which division of your nervous system handles conservation of body resources, including blood pressure reduction and the promotion of digestion?

a) central
b) somatic
c) parasympathetic
d) sympathetic
e) sensory
f) two of the above

Answer 18

c) parasympathetic

Question 19

Anna is going for a run. She starts thinking about all the things that she needs to do throughout her day. As Anna rounds the corner near home, she sees something move near her feet and then feels a sharp pain in her right leg. At this point, Anna’s heart rate increases substantially, as she spins away from the dog that just bit her. As the dog’s owner apologizes and puts the dog back on its leash, Anna’s heart rate slows down and she then makes her way home.

When Anna feels the pain in her right leg, which area of the brain responds to this sensation?

a) Right temporal lobe
b) left frontal lobe
c) left temporal lobe
d) right parietal lobe
e) right front; lobe
f) left parietal lobe

Answer 19

f) left parietal lobe

Question 20

As a result of receiving neurotransmitters, the voltage of a postsynaptic receptor has become more negative. What will be the result of this change?

a) The postsynaptic neuron is hyperpolarized and less likely to fire again
b) The postsynaptic neuron is hyperpolarized and more likely to fire again
c) The postsynaptic neuron is depolarized and more likely to fire again
d) The postsynaptic neuron is depolarized and less likely to fire again
e) none of the above

Answer 20

a) The postsynaptic neuron is hyperpolarized and less likely to fire again

Question 21

The speed of an action potential depends on which of the following statement(s)? (select all that apply)

a) charge of axon
b) myelination
c) axon diameter
d) frequency of action potentials
e) resistance to ion leakage
f) resistance to ion flow

Answer 21

b) myelination
c) axon diameter
e) resistance to ion leakage
f) resistance to ion flow

Question 22

Joe was a world-class diver until he hit his head on the diving board during one of his dives. He now has difficulty coordinating the movements required for various tucks and rotations. Which area of Joe’s brain is likely damaged?

a) precentral gyrus
b) pons
c) postcentral gyrus
d) basal ganglia
e) medulla
f) cerebellum

Answer 22

f) cerebellum

Question 23

Jessica just hit her thumb with a hammer. Which nerve fibres will transmit the command from her central nervous system to jerk her hand away?

a) sensory; efferent nerce fibre
b) sensory; afferent nerve fibres
c) motor; efferent nerve fibres
d) motor; afferent nerve fibres
e) none of the above

Answer 23

c) motor efferent nerve fibres

Question 24

The development of drug tolerance is related to which of the following phenomena?

a) down regulation of receptors
b) desensitization of receptors
c) removal of receptors from the membrane
d) insertion of receptors into the membrane
e) two of the above
f) three of the above

Answer 24

f) three of the above

Question 25

Which of the following statement(s) is/are FALSE regarding second messenger systems?

a) Second messenger systems result in an amplified response
b) Second messenger systems are initiated by the binding of a lipophilic molecule to a surface receptor
c) Second messenger systems are initiated by the binding of a lipophobic molecule to a surface receptor
d) Second messenger systems result in rapid intracellular responses
e) two of the above
f) three of the above

Answer 25

b) Second messenger systems are initiated by the binding of a lipophilic molecule to a surface receptor

Question 26

The hypothalamus releases a hormone called Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH). The release of TRH signals for the release of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) by the anterior pituitary gland. The release of TSH by the anterior pituitary results in the release of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine hormones from the thyroid gland which go out to their target tissues. The target tissues then issue a response which feeds back to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to stop further release of TRH and TSH.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE regarding this control pathway?

a) simple control pathway
b) complex control pathway
c) single integrating centre
d) multiple intergratinhg centres
e) A and C
f) B and D

Answer 26

f) B and D

Question 27

Which of the following statement(s) about gap junctions is/are TRUE?

a) Involves fusion of the membrane of two cells
b) Can open or close to allow large molecules to pass between cells
c) Involved in local cell communication
d) Transmits electrical signals only
e) two of the above
f) none of the above

Answer 27

c) involved in local cell communication

Question 28

Which of the following statement(s) about oligodendrocytes is/are TRUE?

a) Oligodendrocytes do not form myelin in either the CNS or PNS
b) Found in the PNS; capable of myelinating multiple axons
c) Found in the PNS; capable of myelinating a single axon
d) Found in the CNS; capable of myelinating multiple axons
e) Found in the CNS; capable of myelinating a single axon

Answer 28

d) Found in the CNS; capable of myelinating multiple axons