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Host And Defense - Exam 2 > Quiz 5 - German - B Cells - Antibodies > Flashcards

Quiz 5 - German - B Cells - Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

B cells produce what?

A

Antibodies

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2
Q

T/F - B cells target one antigen epitope.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Plasma cells are what and secrete what?

A

Fully differentiated form of B cell

Secretes antibodies

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4
Q

Small lymphocyte produces what?

A

Production of antibodies (B cells) or cytotoxic and helper fxs (T cells)

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5
Q

T/F - B cells produce an antibody targeted against a single, unique antigen.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Tell me more about B cells.

A

Affect extracellular pathogens

Infinite target diversity

Low probability of reaching maturation

Undergo colonial selection and expansion

Improve targeting following activation

Persist for years

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7
Q

There are 6 phases to B cell maturation. What are the first 3 phases that occur in the bone marrow?

A

I - Repertoire assembly - Generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors in the bone marrow

II - Negative selection - Alteration, elimination, or inactivation of B cell receptors that bind to components of the human body

III - Positive selection - Promotion of a fraction of immature B cells to become mature B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues

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8
Q

What are the 3 phases of B cell maturation that occurs in the periphery?

A

IV - Search for Infection - Recirculation of mature B cells b/t lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissues

V - Finding Infection - Activation and local expansion of B cells by pathogen-derived antigens in secondary lymphoid tissues

VI - Attacking infection - Differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells in secondary lymphoid tissue

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9
Q

T/F - Antibodies are targeted effector proteins that target a single epitope.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

T/F - Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What is an epitope?

A

An exposed, small region of an antibody

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12
Q

T/F - An antigen can have multiple epitopes.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

What is neutralization?

A

Antibodies binding a toxin and neutralizing the threat

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14
Q

T/F - Antibodies are basically targeted effector proteins.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What are the antibody classes?

A

M - Mew

A - Alpha

D - Delta

G - Gamma

E - Epsilon

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16
Q

What determines antibody class?

A

ISOTYPE

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17
Q

The ______ chain has a proportionally small variable region, while the ________ chain has a proportionally large variable region.

A

Heavy

Light

*Both bind antigen

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18
Q

What are the 2 isotopes of the light chain?

A

Kappa

Lambda

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19
Q

Which antibodies are multimeric?

A

IgM

IgA

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20
Q

IgM function?

A

Neutralization

Activate complement

Transport across epithelium

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21
Q

IgD function?

A

Sensitization of basophils

22
Q

IgE function?

A

Sensitization of mast cells

Sensitization of basophils

23
Q

IgG functions?

A

Neutralization

Opsonization

Sensitization for killing by NK cells

Sensitization of mast cells

Activation of complement

*T-port across placenta

Extravascular diffusion

24
Q

IgA functions?

A

Neutralization

Opsonization

Activation of complement

**T-port across epithelium

Extravascular diffusion

25
Q

What portion of antibody binds antigen?

A

Technically, both, but the FAB is what binds the antigen on the light chain

26
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Molecule recognized by a B or T cell

27
Q

What is an epitope?

A

Region of an antigen bound by an antibody or MHC/TCR

28
Q

T/F - Antibody structure facilitates fx.

A

TRUE

29
Q

Tell me the B cell development timeline and include heavy, then light chain designation.

A

Bone Marrow

Stem cell - germline, germline
Early pro-B - germline, germline
Late pro-B - DJ, germline
Large pre-B - VDJ, germline
Small pre-B - VDJ, germline
Immature B cell - VDJ, VJ

Lymphoid organs/circulation

Immature B cell (IgM, no IgD)
Immature B cell (High IgM, low IgD)
Mature, naive B cell (Low IgM, High IgD)
Antigen activated B lymphoblast
Antibody-secreting plasma cell
Memory cell
30
Q

T/F - Antibody genes are assembled from fragmented segments.

What does this mean?

A

TRUE

Gives enormous diversity of antigen binding

31
Q

_________ recombination creates antibody coding sequence. This is tied to specific B cell developmental stages.

A

Somatic

32
Q

What does the RAG complex do?

A

Randomly pairs gene segments

33
Q

RAG 1 and 2 complexes bind what?

A

RSSs

Recombination signal sequences

Gene segments are randomly paired to create coding sequences

34
Q

What are the three orders associated with RAG?

A

V-D-J —> V-DJ (All heavy)

V-DJ —> VDJ (All heavy)

V-J —> VJ (All light)

35
Q

What is junctional diversity created?

A

RECOMBINATION

36
Q

What can mutations during recombination do?

A

Throw off the sequence and antibody won’t be created properly

Frameshift/stop codon could lead to improper production of antibody

37
Q

What is TdT?

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

38
Q

What are the only two antibody types that are produced simultaneously?

A

IgM

IgD

39
Q

How can a single B cell express all antibody isotopes?

A

Class switching

The Fc region is conserved, by the light chains can be switched

Class switching is permanent

IgM and IgD are the first ones expressed

40
Q

What do Fc receptors bind?

A

Conserved regions

41
Q

Tell me the three things that happen when activation occurs.

A

Activation changes B cell immunoglobulin fate

1 - Antibody secretion

2 - Somatic hypermutation

3 - Class switching
—IgM/IgD —> IgG/IgA/IgE

42
Q

What does somatic hypermutation do?

A

Rapidly increases antibody affinity

43
Q

What are three main sources of antibody diversity?

A

Genetic recombination - Random

Junctional diversity - Random nucleotides put in b/t the two

Somatic hypermutation - Isotype switching

44
Q

Somatic hypermutation targets what?

A

The rearranged gene segments encoding the variable region

45
Q

What does polyclonal mean?

A

Multiple antibodies targeted against the same antigen

46
Q

What does monoclonal mean?

A

Single antibody target against a single antigen

47
Q

What are the 4 types of therapeutic monoclonal antibody?

A

Mouse

Chimeric

Humanized

Human

48
Q

Antibodies are important ________ and __________ tools.

A

Diagnostic

Therapeutic

49
Q

Tell me how antibodies are diagnostic.

A

Pathogen ID

Protein quantification

Cellular ID

50
Q

Tell me how antibodies are therapeutic.

A

Targeted killing

Chemical delivery

Immunomodulatory

Host And Defense - Exam 2 (16 decks)

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