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Host And Defense - Exam 2 > Quiz 3 - German - Barriers/Effectors I > Flashcards

Quiz 3 - German - Barriers/Effectors I Flashcards

1
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Generalized host defense mechanism that continuously acts from the start of an infection and does NOT adapt to a specific pathogen or generate immunologic memory

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2
Q

What are 2 major things in the innate system that act immediately?

A

Barriers (These have diverse properties)

  • Mechanical - skin
  • Chemical - sebum/saliva
  • Microbiological - flora

Soluble Effectors

  • Complement
  • Antimicrobial peptides
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3
Q

What are 2 major things in the induced system?

A

Cells

  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • NK cells
  • Mast cells
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils

Cytokines

  • Interleukins
  • Chemokines
  • Growth factors
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4
Q

T/F - Innate immunity is a system of pattern recognition.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

What are some pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)? 4 things

A

LPS

Flagellum

Mannose sugars

Unmethylated CpG DNA

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6
Q

What are some damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)? 3 things

A

Heat shock proteins

Fibronectin

Chromatin

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7
Q

What are PRRs?

A

Pattern recognition receptors

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8
Q

To infect/invade, pathogens must first overcome what?

A

BARRIERS

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9
Q

What is the complement system?

A

A tissue-wide means for recognizing foreign material

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10
Q

How does the innate immunity get rid of pathogens?

A
  • Antimicrobial peptides degrade membrane and kills pathogens
  • Opsonization
  • Send to the induced system
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11
Q

Mechanical barriers prevent what?

A

Infiltration

These barriers must block pathogens, be dynamic, have mucosal cells producing chemical barriers, and have specialized immune tissues integrated into barriers

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12
Q

What are lymphoid tissues are integrated into what?

A

Barriers

  • Localized B and T cell activation
  • Less structure than lymph nodes
  • Lymphatic connection
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13
Q

Chemical barriers act on?

A

Pathogens

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14
Q

How do chemical barriers act on pathogens?

A

Isolation and physical removal

Targeted destruction

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15
Q

Every mucosal tissue does three things.

A

Secretion - Traps pathogens

Motility - Removes pathogens from mucosal surfaces

Lysozymes - Cleave peptidoglycans

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16
Q

What are defensins?

A

Chemical barriers and soluble effectors

17
Q

Alpha defensins are produced from what?

A

Neutrophils

*INDUCED

18
Q

Beta defensins are produced by what?

A

Epithelial cells

*Constitutively produced

19
Q

How do defensins disrupt pathogen membranes?

A

Pathogen destruction
-Disrupts and opens up cell wall and contents spill out and gradient taken away (no metabolism)

Inflammatory signaling
-Can let other things know there is an issue at a site and to help out

20
Q

Defensins are prominent where?

A

In oral epithelium

21
Q

Mutualism?

Commensalism?

Parasitism?

A

Both organisms benefit

One benefits, other is not effected

One benefits, other suffers

22
Q

What shapes local gut flora?

A

Antimicrobial peptides

23
Q

What outcompetes pathogenic bacteria?

A

Commensalism flora

24
Q

PPRs do what?

A

Detect commensalism bacteria and prevent inflammation

25
Q

Commensalism bacteria induce ______ and _________ peptide secretion.

A

IgA

Antimicrobial

26
Q

What cells constantly browse mucosal flora?

A

Dendritic cells

27
Q

If cells are responding to a pathogen/injury, what system is employed?

A

Induced, and also immediate

Immediate does NOT have cells

28
Q

Neutrophils are induced to secrete ___________ into the GCF.

A

Alpha-defensins

28
Q

Stratified oral epithelium constitutively release ___________.

A

Beta-defensins

29
Q

What are the most common chemical barriers?

A

Peptides and proteins

There are also some lipids and carbs

*All 4 of these are present and important in the oral cavity

30
Q

This will be on the quiz or exam

What are the common proteins and peptides that act as chemical barriers?

A

Lysozyme

Lactoferrrin

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor

S100 proteins

  • Psoriasin
  • Calprotectin

Defensins (Alpha and Beta)

Cathelicdin (LL37)

Surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D

31
Q

**Tell me the location of lysozyme chemical barriers AND antimicrobial activities.

A

Mucosal/glandular secretions (Tears, saliva

CLEAVES glycosidic bonds of peptidoglycans in cell walls of bacteria - this leads to lysis

32
Q

**Tell me the location of lactoferrin AND its antimicrobial activities.

A

Mucosal/glandular secretions (Milk, intestinal mucus)

Binds and sequesters iron, limiting growth of bacteria and fungi

  • Disrupts microbial membranes
  • Limits infectivity of some viruses
33
Q

**Tell me the location of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor AND its antimicrobial activities.

A

Skin, mucosal/glandular secretions (intestines, respiratory, milk)

Blocks epithelial infection by bacteria, fungi, viruses
-Also antimicrobial

34
Q

**Tell me about the location of S100 proteins (psoriasin, calprotectin) AND their antimicrobial activities.

A

Skin, mucosal/glandular secretions (tears, saliva/tongue, intestine)

  • Disrupts membranes (kills cells)
  • Binds and sequesters divalent cations, limiting the growth of bacteria and fungi
35
Q

**Tell me about the location of defensins (Alpha and beta) AND their antimicrobial activities.

A

THESE CREATE PORES

Skin, mucosal epithelia (mouth, intestine, respiratory tract)

  • Disrupt membranes of bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites, and viruses
  • Add’l toxic effect intracellularly
  • Kills cells and disables viruses
36
Q

**Tell me about the location of cathelicidin AND its antimicrobial activities.

A

Mucosal epithelia (respiratory tract, urogenital tract)

  • Disrupts membranes of bacteria
  • Add’l toxic effects intracellularly
  • Kills cells
37
Q

**Tell me about surfactant proteins AND their antimicrobial activities.

A

Secretions of respiratory tract and other mucosal epithelia

  • Block bacterial surface components
  • Promotes phagocytosis
38
Q

Of the 7 proteins and peptides on the CHART, give me some grouping characteristics to help you remember them.

A

ALL ARE FOUND IN RESPIRATORY TRACT

LACTOferrin - Milk

Lysozyme and lactoferrin are in mucosal/glandular secretions

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, S100 proteins, and defensins are found on the skin

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and S100 proteins are also in mucosal/glandular secretions

Defensins, cathelicidin, and surfactant proteins are found on mucosal epithelia

Host And Defense - Exam 2 (16 decks)

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