Quiz 3 - German - Barriers/Effectors I Flashcards
What is innate immunity?
Generalized host defense mechanism that continuously acts from the start of an infection and does NOT adapt to a specific pathogen or generate immunologic memory
What are 2 major things in the innate system that act immediately?
Barriers (These have diverse properties)
- Mechanical - skin
- Chemical - sebum/saliva
- Microbiological - flora
Soluble Effectors
- Complement
- Antimicrobial peptides
What are 2 major things in the induced system?
Cells
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
- NK cells
- Mast cells
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Cytokines
- Interleukins
- Chemokines
- Growth factors
T/F - Innate immunity is a system of pattern recognition.
TRUE
What are some pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)? 4 things
LPS
Flagellum
Mannose sugars
Unmethylated CpG DNA
What are some damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)? 3 things
Heat shock proteins
Fibronectin
Chromatin
What are PRRs?
Pattern recognition receptors
To infect/invade, pathogens must first overcome what?
BARRIERS
What is the complement system?
A tissue-wide means for recognizing foreign material
How does the innate immunity get rid of pathogens?
- Antimicrobial peptides degrade membrane and kills pathogens
- Opsonization
- Send to the induced system
Mechanical barriers prevent what?
Infiltration
These barriers must block pathogens, be dynamic, have mucosal cells producing chemical barriers, and have specialized immune tissues integrated into barriers
What are lymphoid tissues are integrated into what?
Barriers
- Localized B and T cell activation
- Less structure than lymph nodes
- Lymphatic connection
Chemical barriers act on?
Pathogens
How do chemical barriers act on pathogens?
Isolation and physical removal
Targeted destruction
Every mucosal tissue does three things.
Secretion - Traps pathogens
Motility - Removes pathogens from mucosal surfaces
Lysozymes - Cleave peptidoglycans
What are defensins?
Chemical barriers and soluble effectors
Alpha defensins are produced from what?
Neutrophils
*INDUCED
Beta defensins are produced by what?
Epithelial cells
*Constitutively produced
How do defensins disrupt pathogen membranes?
Pathogen destruction
-Disrupts and opens up cell wall and contents spill out and gradient taken away (no metabolism)
Inflammatory signaling
-Can let other things know there is an issue at a site and to help out
Defensins are prominent where?
In oral epithelium
Mutualism?
Commensalism?
Parasitism?
Both organisms benefit
One benefits, other is not effected
One benefits, other suffers
What shapes local gut flora?
Antimicrobial peptides
What outcompetes pathogenic bacteria?
Commensalism flora
PPRs do what?
Detect commensalism bacteria and prevent inflammation
Commensalism bacteria induce ______ and _________ peptide secretion.
IgA
Antimicrobial
What cells constantly browse mucosal flora?
Dendritic cells
If cells are responding to a pathogen/injury, what system is employed?
Induced, and also immediate
Immediate does NOT have cells
Neutrophils are induced to secrete ___________ into the GCF.
Alpha-defensins
Stratified oral epithelium constitutively release ___________.
Beta-defensins
What are the most common chemical barriers?
Peptides and proteins
There are also some lipids and carbs
*All 4 of these are present and important in the oral cavity
This will be on the quiz or exam
What are the common proteins and peptides that act as chemical barriers?
Lysozyme
Lactoferrrin
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor
S100 proteins
- Psoriasin
- Calprotectin
Defensins (Alpha and Beta)
Cathelicdin (LL37)
Surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D
**Tell me the location of lysozyme chemical barriers AND antimicrobial activities.
Mucosal/glandular secretions (Tears, saliva
CLEAVES glycosidic bonds of peptidoglycans in cell walls of bacteria - this leads to lysis
**Tell me the location of lactoferrin AND its antimicrobial activities.
Mucosal/glandular secretions (Milk, intestinal mucus)
Binds and sequesters iron, limiting growth of bacteria and fungi
- Disrupts microbial membranes
- Limits infectivity of some viruses
**Tell me the location of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor AND its antimicrobial activities.
Skin, mucosal/glandular secretions (intestines, respiratory, milk)
Blocks epithelial infection by bacteria, fungi, viruses
-Also antimicrobial
**Tell me about the location of S100 proteins (psoriasin, calprotectin) AND their antimicrobial activities.
Skin, mucosal/glandular secretions (tears, saliva/tongue, intestine)
- Disrupts membranes (kills cells)
- Binds and sequesters divalent cations, limiting the growth of bacteria and fungi
**Tell me about the location of defensins (Alpha and beta) AND their antimicrobial activities.
THESE CREATE PORES
Skin, mucosal epithelia (mouth, intestine, respiratory tract)
- Disrupt membranes of bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites, and viruses
- Add’l toxic effect intracellularly
- Kills cells and disables viruses
**Tell me about the location of cathelicidin AND its antimicrobial activities.
Mucosal epithelia (respiratory tract, urogenital tract)
- Disrupts membranes of bacteria
- Add’l toxic effects intracellularly
- Kills cells
**Tell me about surfactant proteins AND their antimicrobial activities.
Secretions of respiratory tract and other mucosal epithelia
- Block bacterial surface components
- Promotes phagocytosis
Of the 7 proteins and peptides on the CHART, give me some grouping characteristics to help you remember them.
ALL ARE FOUND IN RESPIRATORY TRACT
LACTOferrin - Milk
Lysozyme and lactoferrin are in mucosal/glandular secretions
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, S100 proteins, and defensins are found on the skin
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and S100 proteins are also in mucosal/glandular secretions
Defensins, cathelicidin, and surfactant proteins are found on mucosal epithelia
