Quiz 3 - German - Barriers/Effectors I Flashcards by Brennan Stringam

What is innate immunity?

Generalized host defense mechanism that continuously acts from the start of an infection and does NOT adapt to a specific pathogen or generate immunologic memory

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What are 2 major things in the innate system that act immediately?

Barriers (These have diverse properties)

Mechanical - skin
Chemical - sebum/saliva
Microbiological - flora

Soluble Effectors

Complement
Antimicrobial peptides

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What are 2 major things in the induced system?

Cells

Neutrophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
NK cells
Mast cells
Eosinophils
Basophils

Cytokines

Interleukins
Chemokines
Growth factors

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T/F - Innate immunity is a system of pattern recognition.

TRUE

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What are some pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)? 4 things

LPS

Flagellum

Mannose sugars

Unmethylated CpG DNA

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What are some damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)? 3 things

Heat shock proteins

Fibronectin

Chromatin

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What are PRRs?

Pattern recognition receptors

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To infect/invade, pathogens must first overcome what?

BARRIERS

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What is the complement system?

A tissue-wide means for recognizing foreign material

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How does the innate immunity get rid of pathogens?

Antimicrobial peptides degrade membrane and kills pathogens
Opsonization
Send to the induced system

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Mechanical barriers prevent what?

Infiltration

These barriers must block pathogens, be dynamic, have mucosal cells producing chemical barriers, and have specialized immune tissues integrated into barriers

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What are lymphoid tissues are integrated into what?

Barriers

Localized B and T cell activation
Less structure than lymph nodes
Lymphatic connection

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Chemical barriers act on?

Pathogens

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How do chemical barriers act on pathogens?

Isolation and physical removal

Targeted destruction

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Every mucosal tissue does three things.

Secretion - Traps pathogens

Motility - Removes pathogens from mucosal surfaces

Lysozymes - Cleave peptidoglycans

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What are defensins?

Chemical barriers and soluble effectors

Alpha defensins are produced from what?

Neutrophils

*INDUCED

Beta defensins are produced by what?

Epithelial cells

*Constitutively produced

How do defensins disrupt pathogen membranes?

Pathogen destruction
-Disrupts and opens up cell wall and contents spill out and gradient taken away (no metabolism)

Inflammatory signaling
-Can let other things know there is an issue at a site and to help out

Defensins are prominent where?

In oral epithelium

Mutualism?

Commensalism?

Parasitism?

Both organisms benefit

One benefits, other is not effected

One benefits, other suffers

What shapes local gut flora?

Antimicrobial peptides

What outcompetes pathogenic bacteria?

Commensalism flora

PPRs do what?

Detect commensalism bacteria and prevent inflammation

Commensalism bacteria induce ______ and _________ peptide secretion.

IgA Antimicrobial

What cells constantly browse mucosal flora?

Dendritic cells

If cells are responding to a pathogen/injury, what system is employed?

Induced, and also immediate Immediate does NOT have cells

Neutrophils are induced to secrete ___________ into the GCF.

Alpha-defensins

Stratified oral epithelium constitutively release ___________.

Beta-defensins

What are the most common chemical barriers?

Peptides and proteins There are also some lipids and carbs *All 4 of these are present and important in the oral cavity

***This will be on the quiz or exam*** What are the common proteins and peptides that act as chemical barriers?

Lysozyme Lactoferrrin Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor S100 proteins - Psoriasin - Calprotectin Defensins (Alpha and Beta) Cathelicdin (LL37) Surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D

**Tell me the location of lysozyme chemical barriers AND antimicrobial activities.

Mucosal/glandular secretions (Tears, saliva CLEAVES glycosidic bonds of peptidoglycans in cell walls of bacteria - this leads to lysis

**Tell me the location of lactoferrin AND its antimicrobial activities.

Mucosal/glandular secretions (Milk, intestinal mucus) Binds and sequesters iron, limiting growth of bacteria and fungi - Disrupts microbial membranes - Limits infectivity of some viruses

**Tell me the location of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor AND its antimicrobial activities.

Skin, mucosal/glandular secretions (intestines, respiratory, milk) Blocks epithelial infection by bacteria, fungi, viruses -Also antimicrobial

**Tell me about the location of S100 proteins (psoriasin, calprotectin) AND their antimicrobial activities.

Skin, mucosal/glandular secretions (tears, saliva/tongue, intestine) - Disrupts membranes (kills cells) - Binds and sequesters divalent cations, limiting the growth of bacteria and fungi

**Tell me about the location of defensins (Alpha and beta) AND their antimicrobial activities.

**THESE CREATE PORES** Skin, mucosal epithelia (mouth, intestine, respiratory tract) - Disrupt membranes of bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites, and viruses - Add’l toxic effect intracellularly - Kills cells and disables viruses

**Tell me about the location of cathelicidin AND its antimicrobial activities.

Mucosal epithelia (respiratory tract, urogenital tract) - Disrupts membranes of bacteria - Add’l toxic effects intracellularly - Kills cells

**Tell me about surfactant proteins AND their antimicrobial activities.

Secretions of respiratory tract and other mucosal epithelia - Block bacterial surface components - Promotes phagocytosis

Of the 7 proteins and peptides on the CHART, give me some grouping characteristics to help you remember them.

*ALL ARE FOUND IN RESPIRATORY TRACT* LACTOferrin - Milk Lysozyme and lactoferrin are in mucosal/glandular secretions Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, S100 proteins, and defensins are found on the skin Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and S100 proteins are also in mucosal/glandular secretions Defensins, cathelicidin, and surfactant proteins are found on mucosal epithelia