Quiz 5: Chapter 6

Question 1

competition

Answer 1

a social process that occurs when rewards are given to people based on how their performances compare to the performances of others participating in the same event

Question 2

cooperation

Answer 2

a social process through which performance is evaluated and rewarded in terms of collective achievement of a group of people working together to reach a particular goal

Question 3

Which is more successful?

Answer 3

based on task complexity, or how complex a task is determining which has higher success, cooperation is more successful

Question 4

four stages of competition are…

Answer 4

objective competitive situation, subjective competitive situation, response, and consequences

Question 5

objective competitive situation

Answer 5

“an individual’s performance is
compared with some standard of excellence, in the presence of at least one other person who is aware of the criterion for comparison”

Question 6

subjective competitive situation

Answer 6

evaluating the situation (perception, acceptance, appraisal of objective)

Question 7

3 types of competitive orientations

Answer 7

competitiveness (enjoyment of competition), win orientation (winning more important than personal standards), and goal orientation (improving own performance)

Question 8

Response

Answer 8

a response to compete can occur at the behavioral, physiological, or psychological level, or at all three levels

Question 9

Consequences

Answer 9

are positive or negative, based on athletes’ perceptions positive can be a success, and negative can be a failure

Question 10

Tripplett’s Cyclists 1898

Answer 10

Norman Tripplett; found that cyclists were faster when racing against or with another cyclist than when racing alone against the clock; discovered face-to-face competition enhances performance

Question 11

Deutsch’s Puzzles 1949

Answer 11

Morton Deutsch; students participate in puzzle solving with a competitive condition vs cooperation condition
- competitive: winner rewarded (self-centered, poor communication conflict)
- cooperation: group ranking (communication, sharing info, friendships)

Question 12

competition in girls v. boys?

Answer 12

• Boys play competitive games more frequently than girls do.
• Girls play in predominantly male groups more often than boys play games in predominantly female groups.
• Girls’ games are more spontaneous, imaginative, and freer in structure than boys’ games.
• Boys see themselves as more physically skilled than girls see themselves, even though gender differences in actual skill levels are small or nonexistent.

Question 13

decompetition

Answer 13

opponents see each other as rivals, striving against each other to win the competition.

Question 14

competition good or bad?

Answer 14

it is not necessarily good or bad, it can lead to both positive and negative outcomes

Question 15

examples of four stages

Answer 15

OCS: You go out alone for a 3-mile jog, setting a goal for yourself to run this distance in 21 minutes
SCS: one gymnast may look forward to competing in a championship meet as a means of gaining experience, whereas another gymnast facing the same objective situation may dread the upcoming meet
Response: a physiological level, your response might be that your heart starts to beat faster, and your
hands become cold and clammy
Consequences: although you might have lost the game, you might still perceive the outcome as positive if you played well and met your own standard of excellence.