Quiz 4: Chapter 5

Question 1

Arousal

Answer 1

intensity of motivation in a particular moment

Question 2

Stress

Answer 2

substantial imbalance between demand and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet that demand has important consequences

Question 3

Anxiety

Answer 3

negative emotional state accompanied by arousal

Question 4

Anxiety Types

Answer 4

cognitive, somatic, state, and trait

Question 5

cognitive anxiety

Answer 5

psychological perspective; thought component of anxiety

Question 6

somatic anxiety

Answer 6

physiological perspective; the physical activation perceived

Question 7

state anxiety

Answer 7

refers to the ever-changing mood component; induced by a situation, more short-termed

Question 8

trait anxiety

Answer 8

part of the personality, an acquired behavioral tendency or disposition that influences behavior; occurs on a daily basis

Question 9

cognitive state anxiety

Answer 9

the degree to which one worries or has negative thoughts

Question 10

somatic state anxiety

Answer 10

moment-to-moment changes in perceived physiological activation

Question 11

what is perceived control?

Answer 11

regulatory component of state anxiety; that is, the degree to which one believes one has the resources and ability to meet challenges is an important component of state anxiety as well

Question 12

measurements of arousal

Answer 12

heart rate, respiration, skin conductance, biochemistry, self-reports (cognitive, somatic, self-confidence)

Question 13

are state and trait anxiety related?

Answer 13

yes, not the whole time but yes

Question 14

will state and trait anxiety’s relationship be stable throughout?

Answer 14

no, state anxiety decreases; strong but not perfect correlation experience; anxiety coping skills; predictive values

Question 15

four stages of stress

Answer 15

stage 1: assessment of the demands
stage 2: who is perceiving the most stress
stage 3: reactions to stress
stage 4: subsequent behavior

Question 16

sources of stress

Answer 16

situational (event performance, uncertainty)
personal (trait anxiety, self-esteem, social physique anxiety)

Question 17

drive theory

Answer 17

positive linear relationship between arousal/state anxiety and performance

Question 18

Zajoncs social facilitation theory

Answer 18

Performance depends on level of difficulty and amount of people watching

Question 19

Inverted-U Hypothesis

Answer 19

at low arousal levels, performance will be below par
arousal increases, so too does performance

Question 20

Individualized Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)

Answer 20

athletes have a zone of optimal state anxiety in which their best performance occurs

Question 21

how does the inverted-u hypothesis differ from IZOF?

Answer 21

• the optimal level of state anxiety does not always occur at the midpoint of the continuum but rather varies from individual to individual
• the optimal level of state anxiety is not a single point but a bandwidth.

Question 22

Multidimensional Anxiety Theory

Answer 22

predicts that cognitive state anxiety (worry) is negatively related to performance; that is, increases in cognitive state anxiety lead to decreases in performance, but the theory predicts that somatic state anxiety is related to performance in an inverted U and that increases in anxiety facilitate
performance up to an optimal level, beyond which additional anxiety causes performance to
decline.

Question 23

Catastrophe Phenomenon

Answer 23

predicts that physiological arousal is related to performance in an inverted-U fashion, but only when an athlete is not worried or has low cognitive state anxiety

Question 24

Reversal Theory

Answer 24

effects of arousal depend on one’s interpretation of the arousal level

Question 25

anxiety direction and intensity

Answer 25

intensity - how much?
direction - debilitative (no, can’t control) or facilitative (yes, can control)

Question 25

arousal-performance views

Answer 25

arousal is multifaceted (physical and interpretation); optimal mix - individual and task-specific (best performance)

Question 26

why arousal affects performance?

Answer 26

physiological impact
- muscle tension
- fatigue
- coordination difficulties
attention-related issues
- concentration
- visual search
- environmental scanning
- dominant style shift
- irrelevant cues