Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

@ equator winds blow __

A

west

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2
Q

above and below equator winds blow

A

east

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3
Q

Ocean Gyres

A

Spirals of ocean circulating currents

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4
Q

Five major gyres

A
N. Pacific
S. Pacific
N. Atlantic
S. Atlantic 
Indian
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5
Q

Where the Gulf stream originates

A

Gulf of Mexico

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6
Q

Density of water controlled by

A

temperature and salinity

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7
Q

Processes that affect water density

A

rainfall, ice melt, river outflow

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8
Q

Thermohaline ocean conveyor

A

Initiated in polar regions-density increases when sea ice is formed-water sinks, surface waters pulled in/deep ocean currents

Warm up when currents travel to equator-rise to surface/loop back

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9
Q

Circulation in Atlantic will

A

slow, NA becoming fresher/warmer water, melting of glaciers

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10
Q

Slowing of conveyor =

A
  • increased rainfall in Arctic/Antartica
  • colder temps in Europe
  • collapse of plankton
  • increase in floods, storms, El Nino
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11
Q

Sea levels rise because…

A

Water increases volume when heated = thermal expansion

Melting of land ice

extraction of ground water

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12
Q

Change in pH of ocean

A

pH is getting lower

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13
Q

Effects of decreased calcification

A

acidification of body fluids, alter acoustic properties of sound, young clownfish sense of smell weakened

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14
Q

Coral Reef stressors associated with climate change

A

El Nino events (warming role), Ozone depletion, Rise in sea level, changes in ocean circulation, precipitation-dilution with fresh water

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15
Q

Acidification of reefs

A

Lowered calcification = dissolution of coral skeletons

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16
Q

Clathrates

A

Methane deposits frozen into ice, pressure high enough and temps low enough to be kept stable

17
Q

Fisheries linked to climate change

A

Too warm: Metabolism sped up, quick growth, more energy to reproduce

To cold: metabolism slows, fish become sluggish

18
Q

Rising temps leading to changing fish distribution

A

Tropical warm water species - move north

Cold water sp. move north toward shifted range of salmon, cod, halibut, trout, bass, etc.

19
Q

Food chain disruption

A

Sea lions and seals changed habitat due to increase in temps

Killer whales ate more otters = less otters ate urchins = more urchins = overgrazed kelp beds

20
Q

1997-98 El Nino

A

Collapse of squid fishery. They moved to cooler, deeper waters. Sea lion pups died from lack of food.

21
Q

Changes in plankton distribution

A

Warmer temps caused plankton to move north, affected range of larger fish: Mackerel, Cod

22
Q

Disease and Toxins

A

Parasites in cooler climates are more likely to survive the winter = fish poisoning, stressed fish are more susceptible to disease

Toxins - toxicity of pollutants increased in warm water

23
Q

Coastal regions

A

Areas where impacts of climate change on the ocean cause changes to coastal landforms, ecosystems, tourism

24
Q

Wetlands factors dependent on

A

Rising surface to match sea level, boundary erosion, space to migrate, increasing salinity, flow of rivers affecting sedimentation

25
Estuaries
Increases in mid-latitude rainfall = more fresh water, increased salinity, less oxygen
26
Chesapeake Bay
Rise of sea level 2 ft. by the end of the century
27
What is the IPCC expected sea level rise by 2100?
1-2M
28
How are deep ocean currents being affected by melt of land ice?
They are slowing down
29
Why do warmer ocean waters result in a rise in sea levels?
Warm water expands
30
Sea level rise will have a greater effect on which US coast?
East
31
Why is current climate change expected to have a greater impact on plants and animals than, for example, the onset of an ice age
The climate is currently changing at a relatively rapid pace, whereas ice ages are a drastic change, but conditions remain stable enough for organisms to adapt
32
What group of animals is expected to be the least affected by climate change
Mammals
33
Which type of forest is likely to expand its range as the climate warms
Oaks/Hickory