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Issues in Env. Science > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

@ equator winds blow __

A

west

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2
Q

above and below equator winds blow

A

east

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3
Q

Ocean Gyres

A

Spirals of ocean circulating currents

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4
Q

Five major gyres

A 
N. Pacific
S. Pacific
N. Atlantic
S. Atlantic 
Indian
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5
Q

Where the Gulf stream originates

A

Gulf of Mexico

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6
Q

Density of water controlled by

A

temperature and salinity

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7
Q

Processes that affect water density

A

rainfall, ice melt, river outflow

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8
Q

Thermohaline ocean conveyor

A

Initiated in polar regions-density increases when sea ice is formed-water sinks, surface waters pulled in/deep ocean currents

Warm up when currents travel to equator-rise to surface/loop back

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9
Q

Circulation in Atlantic will

A

slow, NA becoming fresher/warmer water, melting of glaciers

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10
Q

Slowing of conveyor =

A
  • increased rainfall in Arctic/Antartica
  • colder temps in Europe
  • collapse of plankton
  • increase in floods, storms, El Nino
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11
Q

Sea levels rise because…

A

Water increases volume when heated = thermal expansion

Melting of land ice

extraction of ground water

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12
Q

Change in pH of ocean

A

pH is getting lower

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13
Q

Effects of decreased calcification

A

acidification of body fluids, alter acoustic properties of sound, young clownfish sense of smell weakened

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14
Q

Coral Reef stressors associated with climate change

A

El Nino events (warming role), Ozone depletion, Rise in sea level, changes in ocean circulation, precipitation-dilution with fresh water

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15
Q

Acidification of reefs

A

Lowered calcification = dissolution of coral skeletons

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16
Q

Clathrates

A

Methane deposits frozen into ice, pressure high enough and temps low enough to be kept stable

17
Q

Fisheries linked to climate change

A

Too warm: Metabolism sped up, quick growth, more energy to reproduce

To cold: metabolism slows, fish become sluggish

18
Q

Rising temps leading to changing fish distribution

A

Tropical warm water species - move north

Cold water sp. move north toward shifted range of salmon, cod, halibut, trout, bass, etc.

19
Q

Food chain disruption

A

Sea lions and seals changed habitat due to increase in temps

Killer whales ate more otters = less otters ate urchins = more urchins = overgrazed kelp beds

20
Q

1997-98 El Nino

A

Collapse of squid fishery. They moved to cooler, deeper waters. Sea lion pups died from lack of food.

21
Q

Changes in plankton distribution

A

Warmer temps caused plankton to move north, affected range of larger fish: Mackerel, Cod

22
Q

Disease and Toxins

A

Parasites in cooler climates are more likely to survive the winter = fish poisoning, stressed fish are more susceptible to disease

Toxins - toxicity of pollutants increased in warm water

23
Q

Coastal regions

A

Areas where impacts of climate change on the ocean cause changes to coastal landforms, ecosystems, tourism

24
Q

Wetlands factors dependent on

A

Rising surface to match sea level, boundary erosion, space to migrate, increasing salinity, flow of rivers affecting sedimentation

25
Q

Estuaries

A

Increases in mid-latitude rainfall = more fresh water, increased salinity, less oxygen

26
Q

Chesapeake Bay

A

Rise of sea level 2 ft. by the end of the century

27
Q

What is the IPCC expected sea level rise by 2100?

A

1-2M

28
Q

How are deep ocean currents being affected by melt of land ice?

A

They are slowing down

29
Q

Why do warmer ocean waters result in a rise in sea levels?

A

Warm water expands

30
Q

Sea level rise will have a greater effect on which US coast?

A

East

31
Q

Why is current climate change expected to have a greater impact on plants and animals than, for example, the onset of an ice age

A

The climate is currently changing at a relatively rapid pace, whereas ice ages are a drastic change, but conditions remain stable enough for organisms to adapt

32
Q

What group of animals is expected to be the least affected by climate change

A

Mammals

33
Q

Which type of forest is likely to expand its range as the climate warms

A

Oaks/Hickory

Issues in Env. Science (8 decks)

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