Quiz 5

Question 1

@ equator winds blow __

Answer 1

west

Question 2

above and below equator winds blow

Answer 2

east

Question 3

Ocean Gyres

Answer 3

Spirals of ocean circulating currents

Question 4

Five major gyres

Answer 4

N. Pacific
S. Pacific
N. Atlantic
S. Atlantic 
Indian

Question 5

Where the Gulf stream originates

Answer 5

Gulf of Mexico

Question 6

Density of water controlled by

Answer 6

temperature and salinity

Question 7

Processes that affect water density

Answer 7

rainfall, ice melt, river outflow

Question 8

Thermohaline ocean conveyor

Answer 8

Initiated in polar regions-density increases when sea ice is formed-water sinks, surface waters pulled in/deep ocean currents

Warm up when currents travel to equator-rise to surface/loop back

Question 9

Circulation in Atlantic will

Answer 9

slow, NA becoming fresher/warmer water, melting of glaciers

Question 10

Slowing of conveyor =

Answer 10

• increased rainfall in Arctic/Antartica
• colder temps in Europe
• collapse of plankton
• increase in floods, storms, El Nino

Question 11

Sea levels rise because…

Answer 11

Water increases volume when heated = thermal expansion

Melting of land ice

extraction of ground water

Question 12

Change in pH of ocean

Answer 12

pH is getting lower

Question 13

Effects of decreased calcification

Answer 13

acidification of body fluids, alter acoustic properties of sound, young clownfish sense of smell weakened

Question 14

Coral Reef stressors associated with climate change

Answer 14

El Nino events (warming role), Ozone depletion, Rise in sea level, changes in ocean circulation, precipitation-dilution with fresh water

Question 15

Acidification of reefs

Answer 15

Lowered calcification = dissolution of coral skeletons

Question 16

Clathrates

Answer 16

Methane deposits frozen into ice, pressure high enough and temps low enough to be kept stable

Question 17

Fisheries linked to climate change

Answer 17

Too warm: Metabolism sped up, quick growth, more energy to reproduce

To cold: metabolism slows, fish become sluggish

Question 18

Rising temps leading to changing fish distribution

Answer 18

Tropical warm water species - move north

Cold water sp. move north toward shifted range of salmon, cod, halibut, trout, bass, etc.

Question 19

Food chain disruption

Answer 19

Sea lions and seals changed habitat due to increase in temps

Killer whales ate more otters = less otters ate urchins = more urchins = overgrazed kelp beds

Question 20

1997-98 El Nino

Answer 20

Collapse of squid fishery. They moved to cooler, deeper waters. Sea lion pups died from lack of food.

Question 21

Changes in plankton distribution

Answer 21

Warmer temps caused plankton to move north, affected range of larger fish: Mackerel, Cod

Question 22

Disease and Toxins

Answer 22

Parasites in cooler climates are more likely to survive the winter = fish poisoning, stressed fish are more susceptible to disease

Toxins - toxicity of pollutants increased in warm water

Question 23

Coastal regions

Answer 23

Areas where impacts of climate change on the ocean cause changes to coastal landforms, ecosystems, tourism

Question 24

Wetlands factors dependent on

Answer 24

Rising surface to match sea level, boundary erosion, space to migrate, increasing salinity, flow of rivers affecting sedimentation

Question 25

Estuaries

Answer 25

Increases in mid-latitude rainfall = more fresh water, increased salinity, less oxygen

Question 26

Chesapeake Bay

Answer 26

Rise of sea level 2 ft. by the end of the century

Question 27

What is the IPCC expected sea level rise by 2100?

Answer 27

1-2M

Question 28

How are deep ocean currents being affected by melt of land ice?

Answer 28

They are slowing down

Question 29

Why do warmer ocean waters result in a rise in sea levels?

Answer 29

Warm water expands

Question 30

Sea level rise will have a greater effect on which US coast?

Answer 30

East

Question 31

Why is current climate change expected to have a greater impact on plants and animals than, for example, the onset of an ice age

Answer 31

The climate is currently changing at a relatively rapid pace, whereas ice ages are a drastic change, but conditions remain stable enough for organisms to adapt

Question 32

What group of animals is expected to be the least affected by climate change

Answer 32

Mammals

Question 33

Which type of forest is likely to expand its range as the climate warms

Answer 33

Oaks/Hickory