Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What determines if a society succeeds or fails?

A
  1. Natural Climate Change
  2. Self Inflicted Climate Change
  3. Failure to Properly Respond to Environmental Changes
  4. Hostile Neighbors
  5. Loss of Friendly Neighbors
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2
Q

Most of today’s environmental problems can be traced back to

A

population size, resource size, pollution

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3
Q

Attitudes toward environmental problems

A

Technological fix, evaluate and respond, gloom and doom, rosy optimism, frontier

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4
Q

Tragedy of the Commons

A

Each person acts in a way to maximize their own benefits

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5
Q

Time Delay

A

an actions produces benefits in the present while underlying costs and problems are not experienced until later

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6
Q

Sliding Reformer

A

An action that is beneficial at first may change conditions to be harmful

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7
Q

Biocentrism

A

Life centered: Humans and other species have a right to exist and are worthy of protection

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8
Q

Ecocentrism

A

System centered: Value is given to ecosystem as a whole, living and nonliving. Ex: Predator, prey relationships and the Water Cycle

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9
Q

Anthropocentrism

A

Human centered: Only humans have intrinsic value and resources are to meet human needs and wants

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10
Q

Scientific Method

A
Observations
Questions
Hypothesis
Predictions
Test
Results
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11
Q

Hypotheses

A

An imaginative preconception of what the truth might be

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12
Q

Null hypothesis

A

A hypothesis that can be supported or proven wrong

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13
Q

Prediction

A

What should happen if your hypothesis is correct

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14
Q

Replication

A

Taking repeated measurements and producing the same results consistently

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15
Q

Theory

A

a hypothesis has been confirmed and tested by multiple researchers and is widely accepted

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16
Q

Natural law

A

When a theory has been tested multiple times and there are no known exceptions. Ex: gravity, thermodynamics

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17
Q

Paradigm Shift

A

occurs when a majority of scientists accept that the old explanation no longer explains new explanations
(Ex: Cause of ulcers is caused by a bacterium but was once thought to be caused by stress and spicy foods)

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18
Q

Lipids

A

long term energy storage, many hormones are made up of these

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19
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Short term energy, provide structure to cells

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20
Q

Proteins

A

Most enzymes of made up of them

21
Q

Nucleic acids

A

source of genetic information

22
Q

Constant temps with extremely wet conditions, high biodiversity

A

Tropical rainforest

23
Q

Populated by migratory grazers, rainy season, plants adapted to drought, heat and fires

24
Q

Freezing temps most of the year, no tree

25
Hot, dry summer cool moist winter, fire adapted organisms, high biodiversity
Mediterranean scrub/chapparal
26
Regarding the failure of the Viking settlement in Greenland, what env. problem was not self inflicted
Climate Change
27
In Biosphere 2, oxygen levels fell because
there was an imbalance in the carbon cycle
28
Earth is energetically ___, but materially ___
open, closed
29
Biosphere
The total area on Earth where living things are found
30
Biome
A portion of the biosphere characterized by a distinct climate and a particular assemblage of plants and animals adapted to it
31
Ecosystem
A specific portion of a biome consisting of the living and nonliving components that interact
32
Community
All the populations living and interacting in an area. (Living portion of the ecosystem)
33
Population
A group of individuals of the same species living and interacting in the same region
34
Individual
A single member of the population
35
A group of plants or animals that have a high degree of similarity and can generally only interbreed among themselves
Species
36
The physical environment in which individuals of a particular species can be found
Habitat
37
Niche
The role a species plays in its community, how it gets its energy/interacts
38
Atom
Smallest particle representing the characteristic of an element
39
Ionic bond
Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Associated with inorganic molecules
40
Covalent bond
Formed when two or more atoms share electrons
41
First law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
42
Second law of thermodynamics
Energy's usefulness/intensity deteriorates with each transfer
43
Phosphorus and Biosphere 2
phosphorus became trapped in water systems and polluted aquatic habitats
44
Desert
Precipitations is rare, low moisture, vulnerable to overgrazing
45
Temperate Grassland
Rainfall supports growth of grass but not trees, organic rich soils
46
Coniferous/Boreal forest
Dominants trees: conifers, slow growing, limited moistures
47
Temperate Deciduous Forests
Trees lose leaves in winter
48
Tropical Seasonal Forest
Hot year-round, distinct wet and dry seasons
49
Temperate rainforest
Coniferous forests with extremely wet conditions