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Issues in Env. Science > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What determines if a society succeeds or fails?

A
  1. Natural Climate Change
  2. Self Inflicted Climate Change
  3. Failure to Properly Respond to Environmental Changes
  4. Hostile Neighbors
  5. Loss of Friendly Neighbors
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2
Q

Most of today’s environmental problems can be traced back to

A

population size, resource size, pollution

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3
Q

Attitudes toward environmental problems

A

Technological fix, evaluate and respond, gloom and doom, rosy optimism, frontier

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4
Q

Tragedy of the Commons

A

Each person acts in a way to maximize their own benefits

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5
Q

Time Delay

A

an actions produces benefits in the present while underlying costs and problems are not experienced until later

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6
Q

Sliding Reformer

A

An action that is beneficial at first may change conditions to be harmful

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7
Q

Biocentrism

A

Life centered: Humans and other species have a right to exist and are worthy of protection

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8
Q

Ecocentrism

A

System centered: Value is given to ecosystem as a whole, living and nonliving. Ex: Predator, prey relationships and the Water Cycle

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9
Q

Anthropocentrism

A

Human centered: Only humans have intrinsic value and resources are to meet human needs and wants

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10
Q

Scientific Method

A 
Observations
Questions
Hypothesis
Predictions
Test
Results
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11
Q

Hypotheses

A

An imaginative preconception of what the truth might be

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12
Q

Null hypothesis

A

A hypothesis that can be supported or proven wrong

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13
Q

Prediction

A

What should happen if your hypothesis is correct

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14
Q

Replication

A

Taking repeated measurements and producing the same results consistently

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15
Q

Theory

A

a hypothesis has been confirmed and tested by multiple researchers and is widely accepted

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16
Q

Natural law

A

When a theory has been tested multiple times and there are no known exceptions. Ex: gravity, thermodynamics

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17
Q

Paradigm Shift

A

occurs when a majority of scientists accept that the old explanation no longer explains new explanations
(Ex: Cause of ulcers is caused by a bacterium but was once thought to be caused by stress and spicy foods)

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18
Q

Lipids

A

long term energy storage, many hormones are made up of these

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19
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Short term energy, provide structure to cells

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20
Q

Proteins

A

Most enzymes of made up of them

21
Q

Nucleic acids

A

source of genetic information

22
Q

Constant temps with extremely wet conditions, high biodiversity

A

Tropical rainforest

23
Q

Populated by migratory grazers, rainy season, plants adapted to drought, heat and fires

A

Savannah

24
Q

Freezing temps most of the year, no tree

A

Tundra

25
Q

Hot, dry summer cool moist winter, fire adapted organisms, high biodiversity

A

Mediterranean scrub/chapparal

26
Q

Regarding the failure of the Viking settlement in Greenland, what env. problem was not self inflicted

A

Climate Change

27
Q

In Biosphere 2, oxygen levels fell because

A

there was an imbalance in the carbon cycle

28
Q

Earth is energetically ___, but materially ___

A

open, closed

29
Q

Biosphere

A

The total area on Earth where living things are found

30
Q

Biome

A

A portion of the biosphere characterized by a distinct climate and a particular assemblage of plants and animals adapted to it

31
Q

Ecosystem

A

A specific portion of a biome consisting of the living and nonliving components that interact

32
Q

Community

A

All the populations living and interacting in an area. (Living portion of the ecosystem)

33
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living and interacting in the same region

34
Q

Individual

A

A single member of the population

35
Q

A group of plants or animals that have a high degree of similarity and can generally only interbreed among themselves

A

Species

36
Q

The physical environment in which individuals of a particular species can be found

A

Habitat

37
Q

Niche

A

The role a species plays in its community, how it gets its energy/interacts

38
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle representing the characteristic of an element

39
Q

Ionic bond

A

Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Associated with inorganic molecules

40
Q

Covalent bond

A

Formed when two or more atoms share electrons

41
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

42
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Energy’s usefulness/intensity deteriorates with each transfer

43
Q

Phosphorus and Biosphere 2

A

phosphorus became trapped in water systems and polluted aquatic habitats

44
Q

Desert

A

Precipitations is rare, low moisture, vulnerable to overgrazing

45
Q

Temperate Grassland

A

Rainfall supports growth of grass but not trees, organic rich soils

46
Q

Coniferous/Boreal forest

A

Dominants trees: conifers, slow growing, limited moistures

47
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forests

A

Trees lose leaves in winter

48
Q

Tropical Seasonal Forest

A

Hot year-round, distinct wet and dry seasons

49
Q

Temperate rainforest

A

Coniferous forests with extremely wet conditions

Issues in Env. Science (8 decks)

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