Quiz 3

Question 1

Population ecology

Answer 1

Studies the factors that regulate population abundance and distribution. Information from tracking is studied

Question 2

Low population density

Answer 2

Individuals may not be able to find mates or only mates that are closely related. Flocking, genetic variability = dependent on density

Question 3

High population density

Answer 3

Competition for space, food, mates spread of disease increases

Question 4

Population age structure

Answer 4

Relative number of individuals of different ages within a population

Question 5

Clumped distribution

Answer 5

When social species such as wolves, elks and praire dogs are found in groups

Question 6

Random Distribution

Answer 6

Species that disperse randomly in an environment like wind-blown seeds

Question 7

Uniform Distribution

Answer 7

Individuals spaced evenly possibly due to territorial behavior or something that suppresses growth

Question 8

biotic potential

Answer 8

A population’s maximum per capita rate of increase (r)

Question 9

Variables in patterns of population growth

Answer 9

Resource availability, aggression/competition, predation

Question 10

Logistical Growth

Answer 10

Population size increases, while growth rate decreases

Question 11

Carrying Capacity

Answer 11

Population size that can be sustained indefinitely without long-term damage to the environment

Question 12

Limiting Factors

Answer 12

Resources needed for survival but that may be in short supply. Scarcity depends on carrying capacity

Question 13

Resistance Factors

Answer 13

Predation, competition, and diseases - their relationship with population size

Question 14

Limiting and Resistance Factors are _____, while natural disasters are ____, because they will occur regardless of the population size

Answer 14

density-dependent, density-independent

Question 15

K-selected species

Answer 15

slow increases and decreases in response to the environment

Question 16

r-selected species

Answer 16

Sometimes have sudden population growth with high peaks which may overshoot carrying capacity, drop below it and increase and overshoot it until they settle down close to carrying capacity.

Question 17

loss of wolf in ecosystem

Answer 17

without wolves, beavers thrive and build dams that create lakes and ponds. Elk stay in the willow thickets and overgraze willow needed by the beavers

Question 18

Primary cause for species to become endangered

Answer 18

Habitat destruction

Question 19

Characteristics of r-adapted species

Answer 19

short life, rapid growth of individual, early maturity, many offspring, little parental care, adapted to unstable environment, prey, niche generalists

Question 20

Characteristics of k-adapted species

Answer 20

long life, slower growth of individual, late maturity, few offspring, high parental care, adapted to stable environment, predators, niche specialists

Question 21

Species

Answer 21

A group of pollutions or pollution of a type of organism whose members share common characteristics and can breed together

Question 22

Darwinian Theory

Answer 22

Science is all about forming hypotheses and finding evidence that supports or conflicts them

Question 23

Lamarckian Inheritance

Answer 23

organisms could change from generation to generation. Used and needed traits were made stronger and passed on

Question 24

epigenetics

Answer 24

suggests that environment can play a role in expressed traits

Question 25

Evolution

Answer 25

Change in genetic characteristics of a population over time

Question 26

Natural selection

Answer 26

Explains how evolution occurs

Question 27

Phylogenetic Trees

Answer 27

Geological relationship between species

Question 28

Scientific name

Answer 28

An organism’s genus and species designation

Question 29

Overproduction

Answer 29

Organisms are capable of making large numbers of offspring

Question 30

Heritable Variability

Answer 30

Offspring vary in their appearance and function (genetic variation)

Question 31

Differential reproduction

Answer 31

Survival and reproduction = not random. Individuals that can better compete for resources will leave more offspring

Question 32

Genes

Answer 32

Physical locations on chromosomes that are code for inherited traits

Question 33

Alleles

Answer 33

When a given gene exists in two or more forms

Question 34

Genotype

Answer 34

The complete set of genes in an individual

Question 35

Phenotype

Answer 35

The set of traits physically expressed in an individual

Question 36

Mutations

Answer 36

Alterations in DNA sequences during replication

Question 37

Adaption

Answer 37

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment

Question 38

Fitness

Answer 38

Tendency for a trait to increase or decrease the population

Question 39

Example of evidence of natural selection

Answer 39

sickle cell anemia - heterozygote individuals of this trait = less likely to get malaria

Question 40

Macroevolution

Answer 40

the real origin of a species

Question 41

Microevolution

Answer 41

Changes within a species with among members who are still considered part of the same species

Question 42

Speciation

Answer 42

The separation of two previous interbreeding populations in which the two can no longer produce fertile offspring

Question 43

Subspecies

Answer 43

Organisms of the same species that are capable of breeding

Question 44

Genetic Drift

Answer 44

Pure chance and random mating can increase or decrease the frequency of a trait

Question 45

Bottleneck effect

Answer 45

Part of the population dies suddenly, leaving the survivors to produce a new generation

Question 46

Founder effect

Answer 46

A small group that contains only some of the original variants colonizes a new areas